RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Vaginal atrophy is common after menopause and is often linked to sexual dysfunction, particularly dyspareunia. AIM: The study aimed to investigate the effect of intravaginally applied oxytocin on expressions of vaginal atrophy. METHODS: Fifty postmenopausal women aged 47 to 66 years with vaginal atrophy participated in this double-blinded placebo-controlled study. The women were randomized to intravaginal treatment with either gel with 600 IU/mL of oxytocin (oxytocin group) or gel alone (control group) once daily for 2 weeks. The gel consisted of hypromellose, pH 3.8 (Vagovital). OUTCOMES: The color of the vaginal mucosa, the vaginal pH, and the cytology of vaginal epithelial cells were investigated before and after treatment. RESULTS: The color of the vaginal mucosa shifted from pale to red in all 25 patients treated with oxytocin but only in 4 patients in the control group (P < .001). There was a significant decrease in intravaginal pH in the oxytocin group and the control group, with the delta value being significantly greater in the oxytocin group than in the control group (P < .001). The vaginal maturation index increased significantly (P < .001) in the oxytocin group but not in the control group. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Topical oxytocin gel offers an effective solution to the sexual dysfunction that is related to vaginal atrophy after menopause. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: Strengths include studying different outcomes of applying the oxytocin gel for vaginal atrophy. Limitations include the small-scale population with a relatively short duration of treatment (2 weeks). CONCLUSION: Intravaginal treatment with a gel containing 600 IU/mL of oxytocin effectively counteracts physical expressions of vaginal atrophy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05275270; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05275270).