Two-color high-harmonic generation in plasmas: efficiency dependence on the generating particle properties.

The high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in silver, gold, and zinc plasma plumes irradiated by orthogonally polarized two-color field is studied theoretically and experimentally. We find an increase of the HHG efficiency in comparison with the single-color case, which essentially depends on the plasma species and harmonic order. An increase of more than an order of magnitude is observed for silver plasma, whereas for gold and zinc it is lower; these results are reproduced in our calculations that include both propagation and microscopic response studies. We show that the widely used theoretical approach assuming the 1s ground state of the generating particle fails to reproduce the experimental results; the agreement is achieved in our theory using the actual quantum numbers of the outer electron of the generating particles. Moreover, our theoretical studies highlight the redistribution of the electronic density in the continuum wave packet as an important aspect of the HHG enhancement in the two-color orthogonally polarized fields with comparable intensities: in the single-color field the electronic trajectories with almost zero return energy are the most populated ones; in the two-color case the total field maximum can be shifted in time so that the trajectories with high return energies (in particular, the cut-off trajectory) become the most populated ones.

Frequency tunable single attosecond pulse production from aligned diatomic molecules ionized by intense laser field.

We present the detailed theoretical study of single attosecond pulse production from excited molecules driven by intense laser pulse. We demonstrate the possibility for continuously tunable soft x-ray production via high-order harmonic generation from a stretched aligned molecule undergoing Coulomb-barrier suppression ionization. This frequency tuning results from the quantum interference of free-electron wave packets emanating from different nuclei. High sensitivity of the shape of ionized electron wave packet to molecular alignment and internuclear separation in this regime offers the opportunity for ultrafast dynamic imaging of excited molecular transients.