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INTRODUCTION: The COVID19 pandemic had a strong impact on the healthcare system, particularly in oncology. Brain tumor are usually revealed by acute and life threatening symptoms. We wanted to evaluate the possible consequences of the COVID19 pandemic in 2020 on the activity of neuro-oncology multidisciplinary tumor board in a Normandy region (France). METHODS: A descriptive, retrospective, multicenter study was conducted in the four referent centers (two universitary hospitals and two cancer centers). The main objective was to compare the average number of neuro-oncology patients presented per multidisciplinary tumor board per week between a pre-COVID19 reference period (period 1 from December 2018 to December 2019) and the pre-vaccination period (period 2 from December 2019 to November 2020). RESULTS: Across Normandy, 1540 cases were presented in neuro-oncology multidisciplinary tumor board in 2019 and 2020. No difference was observed between period 1 and 2: respectively 9.8 per week versus 10.7, P=0.36. The number of cases per week also did not significantly differ during the lockdown periods: 9.1/week versus 10.4 during the non-lockdown periods, P=0.26. The only difference observed was a higher proportion of tumor resection during the lockdown periods: 81.4% (n=79/174) versus 64.5% (n=408/1366), P=0.001. CONCLUSION: The pre-vaccination era of the COVID19 pandemic did not impact the activity of neuro-oncology multidisciplinary tumor board in the Normandy region. The possible consequences in terms of public health (excess mortality) due to this tumor location should now be investigated.
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Neoplasias Encefálicas , COVID-19 , Vacinas , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Estudos Retrospectivos , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl) and Defence Pathology combined to form the Defence Clinical Lab (DCL), an accredited (ISO/IEC 17025:2017) high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 PCR screening capability for military personnel. LABORATORY STRUCTURE AND RESOURCE: The DCL was modular in organisation, with laboratory modules and supporting functions combining to provide the accredited SARS-CoV-2 (envelope (E)-gene) PCR assay. The DCL was resourced by Dstl scientists and military clinicians and biomedical scientists. LABORATORY RESULTS: Over 12 months of operation, the DCL was open on 289 days and tested over 72 000 samples. Six hundred military SARS-CoV-2-positive results were reported with a median E-gene quantitation cycle (Cq) value of 30.44. The lowest Cq value for a positive result observed was 11.20. Only 64 samples (0.09%) were voided due to assay inhibition after processing started. CONCLUSIONS: Through a sustained effort and despite various operational issues, the collaboration between Dstl scientific expertise and Defence Pathology clinical expertise provided the UK military with an accredited high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 PCR test capability at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. The DCL helped facilitate military training and operational deployments contributing to the maintenance of UK military capability. In offering a bespoke capability, including features such as testing samples in unit batches and oversight by military consultant microbiologists, the DCL provided additional benefits to the UK Ministry of Defence that were potentially not available from other SARS-CoV-2 PCR laboratories. The links between Dstl and Defence Pathology have also been strengthened, benefitting future research activities and operational responses.
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BACKGROUND: Gangliogliomas are rare tumors of the central nervous system. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a frequent pathological event, rarely related to intracranial tumor. Here we report a cohort of 14 gangliogliomas, 3 of which were revealed by ICH. We also performed a systematic review of the literature on gangliogliomas revealed by ICH. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively collected data for all gangliogliomas operated on in our department between January 2015 and December 2019: clinical history, radiological data and outcome, with a special focus on gangliogliomas revealed by spontaneous ICH. All cases had pathological validation. For the systematic review, relevant studies were identified by systematic search of the scientific literature in PubMed. RESULTS: Fifteen patients underwent surgery for ganglioglioma during the study period. Six cases were revealed by seizures, 3 by headache, 1 by hydrocephaly and 1 by developmental disorder. Three patients (21%) had hemorrhagic presentation. All patients were male, aged 30 to 48 years, diagnosed with atypical ICH without vascular abnormality on cerebral angiogram. Conservative management was first decided. Diagnosis of ganglioglioma was made within 3 months for 2 patients and 9 years later for 1, after surgical removal and histological analysis. All hemorrhagic gangliogliomas were BRAF wild type. The systematic review of the literature identified 8 other cases of ganglioglioma revealed by ICH. CONCLUSION: ICH may be a mode of revelation of ganglioglioma, and ganglioglioma is a possible etiology of atypical ICH in young patients. Long-term imaging follow-up is mandatory in patients with unexplained ICH.
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Neoplasias Encefálicas , Ganglioglioma , Neoplasias Encefálicas/complicações , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirurgia , Hemorragia Cerebral/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Cerebral/etiologia , Hemorragia Cerebral/cirurgia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Ganglioglioma/complicações , Ganglioglioma/diagnóstico , Ganglioglioma/cirurgia , Hematoma , Humanos , Masculino , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion by shunts is the most common surgical treatment for hydrocephalus. Though effective, shunts are associated with risk of dysfunction leading to multiple surgical revisions, affecting patient quality-of-life and incurring high healthcare costs. There is a need for ambulatory monitoring systems for life-long assessment of shunt status. The present study aimed to develop a preclinical model assessing the feasibility of our wireless device for continuous monitoring of cerebral pressure in shunts. METHODS: We first adapted a previous hydrocephalus model in sheep, which used an intracisternal kaolin injection. Seven animals were used to establish the model, and 1 sheep with naturally dilated ventricles was used as control. Hydrocephalus was confirmed by clinical examination and brain imaging before inserting the ventriculoperitoneal shunts and the monitoring device allowing continuous measurement of the pressure through the shunt for a few days in 3 sheep. An external ventricular drain was used as gold standard. RESULTS: Our results showed that a reduction in kaolin dose associated to postoperative management was crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality rates in the model. Ventriculomegaly was confirmed by imaging 4 days after injection of 75mg kaolin into the cisterna magna. For the implanted sheep, recordings revealed high sensitivity of our sensor in detecting fluctuations in cerebral pressure compared to conventional measurements. CONCLUSIONS: This proof-of-concept study highlights the potential of this preclinical model for testing new shunt devices.
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Hidrocefalia , Caulim , Animais , Encéfalo/cirurgia , Derivações do Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/métodos , Humanos , Hidrocefalia/complicações , Monitorização Ambulatorial , Ovinos , Derivação VentriculoperitonealRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a frequent vascular malformation that can be managed by endovascular treatment (EVT) or microsurgery. A previously treated IA can recanalize, which may require further treatment. The aim of our study was to evaluate procedural complications related to IA retreatment and their risk factors. METHODS: All patients retreated for IA between 2007 and 2017 in 4 hospitals were included. We retrospectively reviewed the frequency of procedural complications of IA retreatment, defined as death or≥1-point increase in modified Rankin score 24h after the procedure. We then screened for risk factors of procedural complications by comparing the characteristics of patients with and without complications. RESULTS: During the inclusion period, 4,997 IAs were treated in our 4 institutions. Of these, 237 (4.7%) were retreated. 29 (12.2%) had≥1 procedural complication. However, severe complications, defined as death or dependency at 1 month, occurred only in 3 patients (1.3%). The only risk factor for complications was microsurgical clipping as retreatment. CONCLUSIONS: Procedural complications during IA retreatment were frequent but, in most cases, retreatment did not lead to death or severe disability. The only risk factor for complications of IA retreatment was clipping as retreatment. However, the design of the study did not allow any conclusion to be drawn as to the optimal means of aneurysm retreatment, and further studies are needed.
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Aneurisma Roto , Embolização Terapêutica , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Aneurisma Intracraniano , Aneurisma Roto/terapia , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/cirurgia , Recidiva , Retratamento , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective observational survey-based study. INTRODUCTION: In France, intracranial aneurysm (IA) patients are managed by neurosurgeons and by interventional neuroradiologists. The growth of endovascular treatment led us to reflect on the role of neurosurgeons in the management of patients with IA. The present study aimed to highlight the current organization of IA management in France. METHOD: A 60-question survey was sent to the neurosurgeons in 34 hospitals managing IA patients. Thirty-three questions dealt with standards of care, follow-up procedures and the involvement of the specific specialist. RESULTS: Twenty-seven centers (79.4%) responded to the survey. A Vascular Multidisciplinary Discussion Team was organized, including both surgeons and neuroradiologists, in 92% of responding centers. There were department protocols in 66% of centers, a local registry in 33% and clinical trials in IA in 60%. Patients with unruptured IA were first seen by a neurosurgeon or by an interventional neuroradiologist, with different practices. For ruptured IA, the neurosurgeons were contacted first in 93% of cases, and were systematically involved in initial intensive care unit management. The patients were hospitalized in the neurosurgery department in 89% of the centers. The neurosurgeons took care of initial follow-up in 85% of the centers, and of lifetime follow-up in 36%. In most centers, radiological monitoring of IA was based on MRI angiography for patients who were embolized or under surveillance, and on CT angiography after microsurgery. CONCLUSION: Despite the growth of endovascular treatments, the present survey and the literature highlight a major role of neurosurgeons in treatment, follow-up and care coordination.
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Aneurisma Intracraniano , Neurocirurgiões , França , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma Intracraniano/cirurgia , Prática Profissional , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECT: Adult brainstem gliomas are a rare group of heterogeneous brain tumors. Classical clinical presentation includes progressive impairment of cranial nerves associated with long tract signs. The prognosis and response to treatment are poor; nevertheless, some patients do have a long survival. The objective of this study was to describe a series of patients with an isolated persistent hemifacial spasm and/or facial nerve palsy as the presenting symptom of a brainstem glioma. METHODS: Fourteen patients from 3 French hospitals (Paris, Caen, Lille) were included. Clinical and radiological features and overall survival were retrospectively analyzed. A review of the literature of similar cases was performed. RESULTS: Mean age at diagnosis was 35 years (range 19-57 years). Mean duration of facial nerve involvement before diagnosis was 17 months (range 1-48 months). Tumors were characterized on MRI by a lateralized location in the pons, a T1-weighted hyposignal, a T2-weighted hypersignal and no contrast enhancement after Gadolinium injection except for 2 cases. Biopsies were performed in 10 cases and showed 8 low-grade and 2 high-grade gliomas. All the patients were initially treated with radiotherapy and 6 patients with chemotherapy after progression. Eleven patients died from tumor progression. Median survival time was 90 months. CONCLUSIONS: Adult brainstem gliomas revealed by a progressive isolated involvement of the facial nerve seem to have particular clinico-radiological features of slow progressive tumors and may be associated with long patient survival.
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Glioma , Espasmo Hemifacial , Adulto , Nervo Facial , Glioma/diagnóstico , Glioma/diagnóstico por imagem , Espasmo Hemifacial/diagnóstico por imagem , Espasmo Hemifacial/etiologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paralisia , Ponte , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
STUDY DESIGN: Observational retrospective survey-based study. INTRODUCTION: Intracranial aneurysms (IA) can be treated with microsurgery or by endovascular treatments (EVT). EVT have taken an increasingly important part in IA management; the ability of neurosurgical teams to perform such surgery as well as the quality of their training is being questioned. We therefore wanted to assess the proportion of IA treated by microsurgery in France, the demography and caseload of surgeons trained in vascular neurosurgery. METHODOLOGY: A 60-question survey was sent to the 34 French neurosurgical centers treating IA. Twenty-seven questions dealt with the demography of neurovascular surgeons and caseload. Descriptive data are reported here. RESULTS: Twenty-seven centers answered, giving us a response rate of 79.4%. A total of 209 neurosurgeons worked in these centers. Forty-six neurosurgeons were designated as referents in vascular neurosurgery, 47% of them were under 45 years old. Among the centers, 96.3% had at least one surgeon that was a referent in neurovascular surgery. A total of 88 surgeons performed IA surgery, but only 11 operated more than 20 IA per year. Two thousand four hundred and thirty seven unruptured IA were treated every year in these centers, 25% of which by microsurgery. A total of 2727 ruptured IA were treated in these centers, of which 15% were treated by microsurgery. The most common indications for microsurgical treatment of IA were: middle cerebral artery aneurysms, wide-neck intracranial aneurysms, and giant intracranial aneurysms, as well as aneurysms associated with a hematoma for the ruptured ones. CONCLUSION: Demography of vascular neurosurgeons remains favorable, with a referent neurosurgeon in most centers, who, in half of the cases, is a young practitioner. The percentage of microsurgery in the treatment of IA is low, especially for ruptured ones. The most frequently operated types of intracranial aneurysm correspond to good practice recommendations.
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Aneurisma Roto , Aneurisma Intracraniano , Aneurisma Roto/cirurgia , Demografia , França , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/cirurgia , Microcirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neurocirurgiões , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Syringomyelia is a rare disorder in which a fluid-filled cyst forms within the spinal cord, resulting in myelopathy. Meanwhile, the abnormal dilatation of the central canal is referred to as hydromyelia or slit-like syrinx. The most prevailing classification is based on anatomical features and pathogeny rather than pathophysiological mechanisms. It is usual to distinguish foraminal syringomyelia related mainly to abnormalities at the craniocervical junction, non-foraminal syringomyelia dealing with any cause of arachnoiditis (infection, inflammation, trauma ) and more rarely syringomyelia associated with intramedullary tumors. Although many pathophysiological theories have been argued over time, the prevailing one is that disturbances in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in the sub-arachnoid spaces disrupt flow velocity leading to the syrinx. Symptoms of paralysis, sensory loss and chronic pain commonly develop during the third/fourth decades of life. The natural history of syringomyelia is typically one of gradual, stepwise neurological deterioration extending over many years. Diagnosis is based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including excellent morphological sequences (T1-, T2-, FLAIR-, T2*-, enhanced T1-) and dynamic MRI with careful study of CSF velocity (CISS, cine-MR sequences). Surgical management is at first dedicated to treat the cause of the syringomyelia, mainly to re-establish a physiological CSF pathway in the subarachnoid spaces. Mostly, the surgical goal is to enlarge the craniocervical junction with duraplasty. Other surgical strategies such as arachnoidolysis or shunt procedures are performed based on the pathogenic mechanisms or as second-line treatment. Medical treatments are also necessary as chronic pain is the main long-lasting symptom. As evolutive syringomyelia is a severe disease with a high impact on quality of life, it is recommended to treat without delay. There is no evidence for surgery for incidental asymptomatic syringomyelia or hydromyelia. Finally, syringomyelia associated with intramedullary tumors resolves spontaneously after tumor resection. Syringomyelia is a rare disease, which requires a dedicated multidisciplinary approach, emphasizing the need for a nationwide scientific organization so as to offer optimal care to the patient.
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Siringomielia , Humanos , Inflamação , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Micro-arteriovenous malformations (micro-AVMs) are defined as AVMs just visible on angiography with a nidus size between 0.5 and 1cm. Their principal manifestation is intracranial hemorrhage and their diagnosis and therapeutic management are still unclear. METHODS: The aim of our work was to show the clinical presentation, treatment and outcome of ruptured cerebral micro-AVMs in a retrospective cohort study of 19 patients and a systematic review of the literature. RESULTS: We obtained a total of 20 micro-AVMs in 19 patients. The mean age was 47.3 years. Clinical presentation was acute bleeding. The mean volume of hematoma was 12.9 mm3 (0 - 60.4), with topographic distribution as follows: 64% cortical with supratentorial bleeding, 26% deep, and 10% in the posterior fossa. Among the 20 micro-AVMs of the series, 11 (55%) had endovascular management, 6 (30%) had surgical treatment and 3 (15%) had GK radiosurgery alone. All of our patients have been cured at the end of the follow up without re-permeabilization. In our series, clinical outcome showed good recovery with a mean score of 4.6 on Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). In the literature, 88% of patients had a GOS of 4 or 5. DISCUSSION: Intracerebral hematoma (ICH) was the main clinical manifestation. In the case of negative initial angiographic assessment, patients must have supraselective angiographic exploration. In the case of conservative treatment of hematoma, endovascular obliteration and microsurgical exclusion seems to be reasonable therapeutic options, according to our observations.
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Fístula Arteriovenosa/terapia , Hemorragia Cerebral/terapia , Gerenciamento Clínico , Hematoma/terapia , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Angiografia/métodos , Fístula Arteriovenosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Criança , Terapia Combinada/métodos , Feminino , Hematoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiocirurgia/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Population aging raises questions about extending treatment indications in elderly patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). We therefore assessed functional status 1 year after treatment. METHODS: This study involved 310 patients, aged over 70 years, with ruptured brain aneurysm, enrolled between 2008 and 2014 in a prospective multicentre trial (FASHE study: NCT00692744) but considered unsuitable for randomisation and therefore analysed in the observational arms of the study: endovascular occlusion (EV), microsurgical exclusion (MS) and conservative treatment. The aims were to assess independence, cognition, autonomy and quality of life (QOL) at 1 year post-treatment, using questionnaires (MMSE, ADLI, IADL, EORTC-QLQ-C30) filled in by independent nurses after discharge. RESULTS: The 310 patients received the following treatments: 208 underwent EV (67.1%), 54 MS (17.4%) and 48 were conservatively managed (15.5%). At 1 year, independence rates for patients admitted with good clinical status (WFNS I-III) were, according to the aneurysm exclusion procedure (EV, MS or conservative), 58.9%, 50% and 12.1% respectively. MMSE score was pathological in 26 of the 112 EV patients (23.2%), 10 of the 25 MS patients (40%) and 4 of the 9 patients treated conservatively (44%), without any statistically significant difference [Pearson's Chi2 test, F ratio=4.29; P=0.11]. Regarding QoL, overall score was similar between the EV and MS cohorts, but significantly lower with conservative treatment. CONCLUSION: Elderly patients in good clinical condition with aSAH should be treated regardless of associated comorbidities. Curative treatment (EV or MS) reduced mortality without increasing dependence, in comparison with conservative treatment.
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Aneurisma Roto/cirurgia , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/métodos , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/cirurgia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aneurisma Roto/psicologia , Cognição , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraniano , Masculino , Microcirurgia , Autonomia Pessoal , Estudos Prospectivos , Qualidade de Vida , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: Stereotactic radiosurgery and hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy are standard treatments for brain metastases when they are small in size (at the most 3cm in diameter) and limited in number, in patients with controlled extracerebral disease and a good performance status. Large inoperable brain metastases usually undergo hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy while haemorrhagic brain metastases have often been contraindicated for both stereotactic radiosurgery or hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. The objective of this retrospective study was to assess a six 6Gy-fractions hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy scheme in use at our institution for haemorrhagic brain metastases, large brain metastases (size greater than 15cm3) or brain metastases located next to critical structures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with brain metastases treated with the 6×6Gy scheme since 2012 to 2016 were included. Haemorrhagic brain metastases were defined by usual criteria on CT scan and MRI. Efficacy, acute and late toxicity were evaluated. RESULTS: Sixty-two patients presenting 92 brain metastases were included (32 haemorrhagic brain metastases). Median follow up was 10.1 months. One-year local control rate for haemorrhagic brain metastases, large brain metastases, or brain metastases next to critical structures were 90.7%, 73% and 86.7% respectively. Corresponding overall survival rates were 61.2%, 32% and 37.8%, respectively. Haemorrhagic complications occurred in 5.3% of patients (N=5), including two cases of brain metastases with pretreatment haemorrhagic signal. Tolerance was good with only one grade 3 acute toxicity. CONCLUSION: The 6×6Gy hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy scheme seems to yield quite good results in patients with haemorrhagic brain metastases, which must be confirmed in a prospective way.
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Neoplasias Encefálicas/radioterapia , Hemorragia Cerebral/radioterapia , Hipofracionamento da Dose de Radiação , Radiocirurgia/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias Encefálicas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/secundário , Hemorragia Cerebral/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiocirurgia/efeitos adversos , Radiocirurgia/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Carga TumoralAssuntos
Anastomose Cirúrgica/métodos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/cirurgia , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/métodos , Dissecação da Artéria Vertebral/cirurgia , Cerebelo/irrigação sanguínea , Angiografia Cerebral , Feminino , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/complicações , Aneurisma Intracraniano/diagnóstico por imagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/complicações , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Artéria Vertebral/cirurgia , Dissecação da Artéria Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Dissecação da Artéria Vertebral/etiologiaRESUMO
A review of the literature revealed that basilar artery (BA) entrapment is a very rare (17 cases published) and severe pathological condition, which often leads to death. We report the case of a 72-year-old man who presented with a longitudinal clivus fracture associated with a basilar artery entrapment. This entrapment was responsible for a basilar artery dissection, which led to an ischemic stroke in the pons. The patient was managed with medical treatment, mainly to avoid a progression towards an ischemic stroke. It consisted of heparin therapy followed by antiplatelet therapy, which finally resulted in a successful outcome. In BA entrapment most of the patients who had a favorable outcome received antithrombotic therapy. This suggests that antithrombotic therapy might be useful in the first line treatment of post-traumatic BA entrapment.
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Fossa Craniana Posterior/lesões , Fossa Craniana Posterior/cirurgia , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/métodos , Fratura da Base do Crânio/cirurgia , Insuficiência Vertebrobasilar/cirurgia , Idoso , Angiografia Digital , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Isquemia Encefálica/etiologia , Fossa Craniana Posterior/diagnóstico por imagem , Heparina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Ponte/patologia , Fratura da Base do Crânio/complicações , Fratura da Base do Crânio/diagnóstico por imagem , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Insuficiência Vertebrobasilar/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência Vertebrobasilar/etiologiaRESUMO
The ability to detect environmental cold serves as an important survival tool. The sodium channels NaV1.8 and NaV1.9, as well as the TRP channel Trpm8, have been shown to contribute to cold sensation in mice. Surprisingly, transcriptional profiling shows that NaV1.8/NaV1.9 and Trpm8 are expressed in nonoverlapping neuronal populations. Here we have used in vivo GCaMP3 imaging to identify cold-sensing populations of sensory neurons in live mice. We find that â¼80% of neurons responsive to cold down to 1 °C do not express NaV1.8, and that the genetic deletion of NaV1.8 does not affect the relative number, distribution, or maximal response of cold-sensitive neurons. Furthermore, the deletion of NaV1.8 had no observable effect on transient cold-induced (≥5 °C) behaviors in mice, as measured by the cold-plantar, cold-plate (5 and 10 °C), or acetone tests. In contrast, nocifensive-like behavior to extreme cold-plate stimulation (-5 °C) was completely absent in mice lacking NaV1.8. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and subsequent microarray analysis of sensory neurons activated at 4 °C identified an enriched repertoire of ion channels, which include the Trp channel Trpm8 and potassium channel Kcnk9, that are potentially required for cold sensing above freezing temperatures in mouse DRG neurons. These data demonstrate the complexity of cold-sensing mechanisms in mouse sensory neurons, revealing a principal role for NaV1.8-negative neurons in sensing both innocuous and acute noxious cooling down to 1 °C, while NaV1.8-positive neurons are likely responsible for the transduction of prolonged extreme cold temperatures, where tissue damage causes pan-nociceptor activation.
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Canal de Sódio Disparado por Voltagem NAV1.8/genética , Canais de Potássio/genética , Células Receptoras Sensoriais/fisiologia , Canais de Cátion TRPM/genética , Animais , Temperatura Baixa , Gânglios Espinais/diagnóstico por imagem , Gânglios Espinais/metabolismo , Gânglios Espinais/fisiologia , Camundongos , Nociceptores/metabolismo , Nociceptores/fisiologia , Células Receptoras Sensoriais/metabolismo , Sensação Térmica/genéticaRESUMO
Bibliometrics are methods used to quantitatively analyze the scientific literature. The application of bibliometrics in neurosurgery is emerging and has not yet been studied in the French neurosurgical community. In France, the most used statistical method is named SIGAPS; the scores are based on the position of the author and the impact factor of the journal. The SIGAPS score, which can be calculated for a research team or an individual, impacts the public financial support of university hospitals in France. We analyzed retrospectively the publication productivity and the SIGAPS score of university neurosurgery departments in France for the period 2009-2016. This was supplemented by a list of current academic research protocols granted by the Minister of Health. The SIGAPS score is higher in large university hospitals even though all teams are dedicated to publishing more in the traditional neurosurgery journals (Neurosurgery, Journal of Neurosurgery, World Neurosurgery, J Neuro-oncology, Neuro oncology, Eur Spine J). Of note, the national Neurochirurgie journal (publishing in French and English) is progressively improving its impact factor (0.8). The most common themes are functional neurosurgery, neuro-oncology and spine. There are 14 on-going national multicenter research programs, 4 of them focused on the health economics of treatment innovations. These data provide the most accurate available snapshot of the scholarly efforts of all the French university neurosurgery departments. It is based on a national statistics method (SIGAPS). For future evaluation, it should be combined with internationally available parameters such as the h-index and m-quotient. Publication productivity has broad implications for the success of both academic departments and individual faculty members and their financial support.
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Neurocirurgia , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos , Publicações , Bibliometria , França , Humanos , Fator de Impacto de Revistas , Editoração , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating form of stroke, which often causes acute hydrocephalus requiring the insertion of an external ventricular drain (EVD). A major complication of aneurysmal SAH is delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). As DCI is linked to the presence of blood within the subarachnoid space, it has been hypothesized that removing this blood may decrease the risk of DCI. This could be achieved by injecting a fibrinolytic agent through the EVD, a strategy called intraventricular fibrinolysis (IVF). Here, we propose to conduct a phase III trial to directly evaluate the impact of IVF after aneurysmal SAH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We will perform an open-label randomized controlled trial comparing the standard of care, i.e. EVD alone, to the experimental treatment, i.e. IVF. We plan to include 440 patients to be able to show a 10% increase in the rate of good functional outcomes in the EVD+IVF group compared to the EVD alone group (α=0.05 and ß=0.8). To obtain such sample, a multicenter trial is required, and to date 17 research sites in France have agreed to participate. PERSPECTIVE: FIVHeMA would be the first phase III trial evaluating the relevance of IVF in aneurysmal SAH. If IVF is shown to be beneficial, then a new therapeutic tool will be available to improve the outcomes of aneurysmal SAH patients.
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Ventrículos Cerebrais/cirurgia , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Hidrocefalia/tratamento farmacológico , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Drenagem/métodos , Feminino , Fibrinólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibrinólise/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The discovery of the important role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage of cerebral metabolite waste, known as the glymphatic system, has changed our view of brain waste clearance. We recently performed experiments to evaluate the glymphatic system in non-human primates (NHP). Here, we report the case of an NHP with iatrogenic CSF leakage. In this animal, solute transport through the brain, assessed by gadolinium injection in the CSF, was severely impaired by iatrogenic pseudomeningocele. This observation raises an important question: does brain surgery, and particularly posterior fossa surgery, lead to chronic impairment of parenchymal CSF circulation and solute transport?