[Importance of endocrine imaging methods in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A proved by mutation analysis]. / Az endokrin szervek képalkotó vizsgálatának jelentösége mutációvizsgálattal igazolt multiplex endokrin neoplasia 2A típusának esete kapcsán.

Multiple endocrine neoplasias are rare, inherited disorders. The authors describe a case history of a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A, who presented with unusual clinical manifestations. The diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma, which was the first manifestation of the disorder, was greatly facilitated with radiologic imaging methods. The authors review, on the basis of recent data from the literature, the importance of radiologic methods, which improved due to methodological advance. Finally, the authors emphasize the importance of follow-up for early diagnosis.

Transurethral resection and intra-arterial chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Thirty-three patients with muscle-infiltrating T2-T3a bladder carcinoma were treated by TUR through the full thickness of the bladder wall and extended into the perivesical fat. The solitary tumours were not more than 4 cm in diameter. Histology proved in every case tumour stages of pT2 (17 patients) or pT3a (16 patients), G2 or G3 transitional cell carcinoma and negative mucosal biopsies. After TUR the patients received 1 or 2 cycles of chemotherapy: 60 mg of doxorubicin, 50 mg of cisplatin, 1 g of 5-fluorouracil administered into the ipsilateral hypogastric artery. There was no perioperative mortality but one patient died of complications related to chemotherapy. During the first year of follow-up relapses of muscle-invasive cancer were observed in 3 patients (10%), two were subjected to cystectomy and one to repeated TUR. With a median follow-up of 34 months 27 patients are alive and have functional bladder. The actual 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 17/21 (81%) and 6/9 (67%), respectively. The results of this study suggest that in strictly selected patients extended TUR and intra-arterial chemotherapy may be a bladder-preserving treatment modality for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Regular (three monthly cystoscopy, cytology, biopsy, CT) investigations and follow-up are necessary to detect recurrences.

Transcatheter embolization for the control of posttraumatic hemobilia.

Angiography is the definitive diagnostic procedure for the patient with haemobilia. As well as giving precise localisation of the source of the haemorrhage, it provides an effective alternative to surgery for its control. In a case discussed, the bleeding sites were identified by angiography, and the bleeding was controlled by transcatheter embolisation.

[Value of angiography in hemangiopericytomas]. / Wert der Angiographie bei Hämangioperizytomen.

Haemangiopericytoma is a rare type of tumour which mostly develops in the soft parts. The article reports on the manifestations of one tumour each in the thigh and pelvis. The angiogram shows displacement of the major arteries, the tumour-supplying vessels penetrate into the growth by means of one or several peduncles, and intensive coloration takes place during the parenchyma phase. However, the "typical angiographic image" was seen in one of the two cases only.

[Ioxaglic acid, a contrast medium with low osmolarity in clinical use]. / Joxaglinsäure, ein Kontrastmittel mit niedriger Osmolarität in der klinischen Anwendung.

The article reports on the clinical use of sodium and meglumine ioxaglate/Hexabrix, an angiographic contrast medium of low osmolarity. Due to this low osmolarity, favourable experiences were collected in 287 angiographic examinations. Special attention was paid to the question to what extent the contrast medium was responsible for pain, and it was found that Hexabrix definitely causes less pain than the tri-iodated conventional contrast media. During the examination no pain was registered which would have been indicated verbally or by means of movements as involuntary reactions to pain. In arteriography Hexabrix is definitely superior to the conventional contrast media.