The value of surgery in the treatment of gestational choriocarcinoma: A case report.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Gestational choriocarcinoma is a rare malignant trophoblastic tumor; it is characterized by its high metastatic potential and chemosensitivity. Hysterectomy also has a role in the management of this tumor. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a rare case of gestational choriocarcinoma in a young woman initially classified as low risk (FIGO2), treated by surgery after chemoresistance to different chemotherapy protocols, marked by an excellent clinical and biochemical improvement. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Gestational choriocarcinoma is a malignant tumor of the villous trophoblast, devoid of placental villi and vesicles.Despite the excellence of chemotherapy, surgery has a significant place in the treatment of gestational trophoblastic tumors. The most common modality of surgical treatment is total hysterectomy. Ovarian metastases are rare; the ovaries may be preserved depending on the age of the patients. CONCLUSION: The progress of recent years lies in the clarification of the therapeutic strategies used in the treatment of gestational trophoblastic tumors, in particular choriocarcinoma.

Atypical adnexal mass misdiagnosed as an ovarian tumor revealing a bilateral tubal cancer. Case report.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Primary epithelial cancers of the tube are a rare entity. They represent less than 2 % of gynecological tumors and are dominated by adenocarcinoma. Due to its proximity to the uterus and the ovary, the diagnosis of tubal cancer is very difficult to confirm, frequently misdiagnosed as a benign ovarian or tubal pathology. This may explain the underestimation of this cancer. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We report a case of a 47 years old patient diagnosed with a pelvic mass, the patient had an hysterectomy with omentectomy revealing a bilateral tubal adenocarcinoma after the histopathological examination. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Tubal adenocarcinoma is a more common pathology in postmenopausal women. The treatment is similar to that for ovarian cancer. Symptoms and the serum CA-125 level may be helpful indicators but are neither specific nor always found. Therefore, careful intraoperative assessment of the adnexa is necessary. CONCLUSION: Despite the refinement of diagnostic tools available to clinicians, it is still difficult to diagnose the tumor beforehand. Nonetheless, the diagnosis of tubal cancer must be suspected in the context of a differential diagnosis of an adnexal mass. Abdomino-pelvic ultrasound is the key examination in the diagnostic process and the discovery of a suspicious adnexal mass leads to the performance of a pelvic MRI and, if necessary, to surgical exploration. The therapeutic principles follow those of ovarian cancer. Efforts should be focused on the creation of regional and international registries of tubal cancer cases in order to achieve greater statistical power in future studies.

Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig tumor: A tricky tumor case report.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCT) are a rare sex cord-stromal tumors, accounting for <0,2 % of all ovarian malignancies. As these tumors are found at an early stage in young women, the whole management dilemma is finding the right balance between a treatment efficient enough to prevent recurrences but that still enables fertility-sparing. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 17 years old patient hospitalized in the oncology and gynecology ward of the university hospital Ibn Rochd in Casablanca, presenting a moderately differentiated Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor in the right ovary, our aim is to analyze the clinical, radiological and histological characteristics of this rare tumor that can be tricky to diagnose and review the different management therapies available and the challenges they present. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCT) are rare sex cord-stromal tumors that should not be misdiagnosed. The prognosis of patients with grade 1 SLCT is excellent without adjuvant chemotherapy. Intermediate and poorly differentiated SLCTs require a more aggressive management. Complete surgical staging and adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered. CONCLUSION: Our case reaffirms that in the presence of a pelvic tumor syndrome and signs of virilization, SLCT should be suspected. The treatment is essentially surgical, if diagnosed early on, we can offer an effective treatment that preserves their fertility. Efforts should be focused on the creation of regional and international registries of SLCT cases in order to achieve greater statistical power in future studies.

The Biological Significance of Long noncoding RNAs Dysregulation and their Mechanism of Regulating Signaling Pathways in Cervical Cancer.

Despite the remarkable decrease in cervical cancer incidence due to the availability of the HPV vaccine and implementation of screening programs for early detection in developed countries, this cancer remains a major health problem globally, especially in developing countries where most of the cases and mortality occur. Therefore, more understanding of molecular mechanisms of cervical cancer development might lead to the discovery of more effective diagnosis and treatment options. Research on long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) demonstrates the important roles of these molecules in many physiological processes and diseases, especially cancer. In the present review, we discussed the significance of lncRNAs altered expression in cervical cancer, highlighting their roles in regulating highly conserved signaling pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Wnt/ß-catenin, Notch, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathways and their association with the progression of cervical cancer in order to bring more insight and understanding of this disease and their potential implications in cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Tuberculosis of the breast: analysis of 17 cases.

Tuberculosis constitutes a major public health problem in the world. Certain extra-pulmonary locations of tuberculosis disease are very exceptional. Amongst these, tuberculosis of the breast is rare even in countries where this infection is endemic. This form of tuberculosis is characterized by clinical and radiological polymorphisms and might mimic other diseases, especially breast cancer. This retrospective study is entailing seventeen patients treated in the Onco-Gynecology Department of the Mohammed VI Cancer Treatment Center, in the Ibn Rochd University Hospital of Casablanca, for breast tuberculosis, over a period of three years. We report the epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical aspects and we specify the treatment and evolution of the patients.