Should Physicians Disclose Their Own Health Challenges? Perspectives of Patients With Chronic Pain.

This study explores how patients with chronic pain view the impact of physician self-disclosure on the patient-physician relationship. We conducted mixed-methods analyses of a cross-sectional survey eliciting experiences and attitudes regarding physician self-disclosure among 934 adults with self-reported chronic pain. Patients with chronic pain commonly recalled experiences of physician self-disclosure, most often "small talk" or physicians' disclosure of their own chronic pain. Patients generally rated these experiences to be beneficial. Patients frequently said they would benefit from seeing a physician who has had chronic pain, or that they would want their physician to self-disclose their own chronic pain. Those who had never experienced self-disclosure were more likely to want their physician to self-disclose their own chronic pain. Nonetheless, patients held varying perspectives toward the advantages and disadvantages of physician self-disclosure, believing that self-disclosure could either positively or negatively impact the patient-physician relationship and care and communication.

Successful spinal cord stimulation for chronic pancreatitis and post-laminectomy pain.

Approximately one in five adults in the United States experiences chronic pain. Over the last 50 years, spinal cord stimulation has become increasingly recognized as a minimally invasive, efficacious treatment modality for the management of chronic pain. The authors report a case study of a 46-year-old female in the first documented spinal cord stimulation simultaneously targeting intractable neuropathic and visceral pain caused by post-laminectomy syndrome and chronic pancreatitis, respectively. This case study demonstrates near-total relief of the patient's neuropathic low back/leg pain and visceral epigastric pain, showing evidence of potential clinical usefulness for spinal cord stimulation as a treatment option in patients who present with a combination of visceral and somatic pain symptoms.

Lay abstract Approximately one in five adults in the United States experiences chronic pain. Over the last 50 years, a treatment for chronic pain referred to as spinal cord stimulation has become a promising alternative to back surgery and may minimize the need for strong opioid pain medications. The authors report a case study of a 46-year-old female patient who suffered from chronic pain following back surgery as well as persistent pain from chronic pancreatitis. This case study demonstrates the use of spinal cord stimulation to provide near-total relief of the patient's low back/leg pain and pain from visceral inflammatory symptoms.

Mission Reborn in the COVID Crisis.

The COVID crisis continues to affect many in ways which have led to health, economic, and personal loss of no small consequence. All of us have a unique and personal perspective on the pandemic. I share my experience as a front-line attending physician caring for critically ill COVID patients in the intensive care unit, and how it relates to the call of mission we receive as Catholic physicians.

Retrospective analysis on the effect of spinal cord stimulation on opioid consumption.

Aim: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is used to clinically manage and/or treat several chronic pain etiologies. A limited amount is known about the influence on patients' use of opioid pain medication. This retrospective analysis evaluated SCS effect on opioid consumption in patients presenting with chronic pain conditions. Materials & methods: Sixty-seven patients underwent a temporary trial device, permanent implant or both. Patients were divided for assessment based on the nature of their procedure(s). Primary outcome was change in morphine equivalent dose (MED), ascertained from preoperative and postoperative medication reports. Results: Postoperative MED was significantly lower in patients who received some form of neuromodulation therapy. Pretrial patients reported an average MED of 41.01 ± 10.23 mg per day while post-trial patients reported an average of 13.30 ± 5.34 mg per day (p < 0.001). Pre-implant patients reported an average MED of 39.14 ± 13.52 mg per day while post-implant patients reported an average MED of 20.23 ± 9.01 mg per day (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between pre-trial and pre-implant MED, nor between post-trial and post-implant MED. Of the 42 study subjects who reported some amount of pre-intervention opioid use, 78.57% indicated a lower MED (n = 33; p < 0.001), 16.67% indicated no change (n = 7) and 4.76% (n = 2) indicated a higher MED, following intervention. Moreover, SCS therapy resulted in a 26.83% reduction (p < 0.001) in the number of patients with MED >50 mg per day. Conclusion: Spinal cord stimulation may reduce opioid use when implemented appropriately. Neuromodulation may represent alternative therapy for alleviating chronic pain which may avoid a number of deleterious side effects commonly associated with opioid consumption.

What Clinicians and Health Professions Students Should Learn About How Pharmaceutical Marketing Influences Opioid Prescribing and Patient Outcomes.

Marketing drugs and devices to clinicians affects their prescribing behaviors, drives up health care costs, and increases risk of harm to patients. This article canvasses what clinicians and health professions students should know about undue influence of drug and device marketing on their practices. It also considers policy changes that would better protect patients and better situate clinicians to care for patients and communities in ways that are ethical, safe, and effective.

Time-dependent change in pain threshold following neurolytic celiac plexus block.

Aim: To determine the long-term effect of ethanol relative to the re-occurrence of pain in postneurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB) patients. Patients & methods: A noninterventional study on 31 patients who had undergone NCPB to illustrate the average change of pain score over time. Results: All NCPB patients reported a pain score decrease of 83.8% right after the procedure. 73% of patients reported 50-66% decrease in pain 80-100 days postprocedure. The temporal threshold for the return of pain scores to average preblock level was determined to be 103 post-NCPB procedure days. Conclusion: In this study, NCPB patients demonstrate return of pain to baseline subsequent to the analgesic effects of ethanol after a mean 103 days.

Scrambler Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Central Pain: A Case Report.

Central pain syndromes affect several million people worldwide. A 52-year-old woman had central pain manifest as burning pain from her left foot to the knee for 12 years after treatment for a medullary cavernoma diagnosed after a right-sided brainstem bleeding episode. All this time, her baseline pain was 5-6/10 with spikes to 9-10/10 during activity. She underwent 10 daily Scrambler (Calmare) Therapy treatments (GEOMC, Inc, Seoul, Korea) with reduction in her pain from 9-10/10 to 0-0.5/10, then 5 more sessions a month later. Her baseline pain stayed at 2/10 at 140 days with spikes only to 5/10, and no additional medications. Scrambler (Calmare) Therapy deserves further study in central pain.

Failed back surgery syndrome: current perspectives.

The treatment of failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) can be equally challenging to surgeons, pain specialists, and primary care providers alike. The onset of FBSS occurs when surgery fails to treat the patient's lumbar spinal pain. Minimizing the likelihood of FBSS is dependent on determining a clear etiology of the patient's pain, recognizing those who are at high risk, and exhausting conservative measures before deciding to go into a revision surgery. The workup of FBSS includes a thorough history and physical examination, diagnostic imaging, and procedures. After determining the cause of FBSS, a multidisciplinary approach is preferred. This includes pharmacologic management of pain, physical therapy, and behavioral modification and may include therapeutic procedures such as injections, radiofrequency ablation, lysis of adhesions, spinal cord stimulation, and even reoperations.

Dynamic Pain Phenotypes are Associated with Spinal Cord Stimulation-Induced Reduction in Pain: A Repeated Measures Observational Pilot Study.

OBJECTIVE: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has become a widely used treatment option for a variety of pain conditions. Substantial variability exists in the degree of benefit obtained from SCS and patient selection is a topic of expanding interest and importance. However, few studies have examined the potential benefits of dynamic quantitative sensory testing (QST) to develop objective measures of SCS outcomes or as a predictive tool to help patient selection. Psychological characteristics have been shown to play an important role in shaping individual differences in the pain experience and may aid in predicting responses to SCS. Static laboratory pain-induction measures have also been examined in their capacity for predicting SCS outcomes. METHODS: The current study evaluated clinical, psychological and laboratory pain measures at baseline, during trial SCS lead placement, as well as 1 month and 3 months following permanent SCS implantation in chronic pain patients who received SCS treatment. Several QST measures were conducted, with specific focus on examination of dynamic models (central sensitization and conditioned pain modulation [CPM]) and their association with pain outcomes 3 months post SCS implantation. RESULTS: Results suggest few changes in QST over time. However, central sensitization and CPM at baseline were significantly associated with clinical pain at 3 months following SCS implantation, controlling for psycho/behavioral factors and pain at baseline. Specifically, enhanced central sensitization and reduced CPM were associated with less self-reported pain 3 months following SCS implantation. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a potentially important role for dynamic pain assessment in individuals undergoing SCS, and hint at potential mechanisms through which SCS may impart its benefit.

Factors associated with outcome after superior hypogastric plexus neurolysis in cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE: Superior hypogastric plexus neurolysis (SHP-N) has been shown in uncontrolled studies to provide intermediate-term benefit in a majority of patients with pain secondary to genitourinary, gynecologic, and colorectal cancers. The purpose of this is to determine factors associated with treatment outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent SHP-N after a positive prognostic block were identified based on diagnostic classification and procedural codes from databases at 2 large teaching hospitals. A host of demographic, clinical, and treatment factors were examined for their association with treatment success, which was defined as ≥50% pain relief lasting ≥1 month. RESULTS: A total of 53.1% of 32 patients with sufficient medical records for analysis experienced a positive outcome. Those with a positive outcome were older (mean age 59.6 y, SD 13.1 vs. 47.8, SD 15.6; P=0.03), less likely to have pelvic pain (36.8% success rate, P=0.04), and more likely to have bladder cancer (88.9% success rate; P=0.01) than those with a negative outcome. In stratified analysis, female were more likely to have positive outcome if they did not have pelvic pain compared to those that did (P=0.008). This difference was not significant for males. DISCUSSION: Selecting patients based on demographic and clinical variables may improve treatment outcomes for SHP-N. Larger, prospective studies are needed to confirm our results and better refine selection criteria better.

Recent progress in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is currently one of the deadliest of the solid malignancies. However, surgery to resect neoplasms of the pancreas is safer and less invasive than ever, novel drug combinations have been shown to improve survival, advances in radiation therapy have resulted in less toxicity, and enormous strides have been made in the understanding of the fundamental genetics of pancreatic cancer. These advances provide hope but they also increase the complexity of caring for patients. It is clear that multidisciplinary care that provides comprehensive and coordinated evaluation and treatment is the most effective way to manage patients with pancreatic cancer.

Does pain score in response to a standardized subcutaneous local anesthetic injection predict epidural steroid injection outcomes in patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy? A prospective correlational study.

OBJECTIVE: Epidural steroid injections (ESI) are the most commonly performed pain procedures. Despite numerous studies, controversy continues to surround their effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to determine whether a standard, clinical local anesthetic injection can predict outcomes for ESI. STUDY DESIGN: In this multicenter study, 103 patients received two ESI 2 weeks apart. Prior to their first injection, subjects rated the pain intensity of a standardized subcutaneous (SQ) injection of lidocaine prior to the full dose. Numerical rating scale pain scores were correlated with leg and back pain relief, and functional improvement, through 3-month follow-up. OUTCOME MEASURES: A composite successful outcome was predetermined to be a ≥2-point decrease in leg pain score, coupled with a positive global perceived effect. RESULTS: A small but significant relationship was found between SQ pain score and reduction in leg (r = -0.21, 95% CI -0.38 to -0.04; P = 0.03) and back pain (r = -0.22, 95% CI -0.36 to -0.07; P = 0.03). Subjects with a positive outcome at 1 month had a mean SQ pain score of 2.5 (SD 1.9) vs 4.1 (SD 2.7) in those with a negative outcome (P = 0.04). Subjects with SQ pain scores <4/10 had lower leg and back pain scores than those with pain scores ≥4 at 1-month (mean 3.2, SD 2.6 vs 5.1, SD 2.7 for leg, P < 0.01; mean 3.7, SD 2.6 vs 5.0, SD 3.0 for back, P = 0.02) and 3-month (mean 3.8, SD 2.7 vs 5.2, SD 3.1 for leg, P = 0.01; mean 4.0, SD 2.6 vs 4.9, SD 3.1 for back; P = 0.14) follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study found a weak positive correlation between SQ pain scores and treatment results. Further research should consider whether pain perception in conjunction with other variables might prove to be a reliable predictor for ESI and other procedural outcomes.

Celiac plexus block and neurolysis for pancreatic cancer.

Neurolytic celiac plexus blocks (NCPB) have been performed for many years for the treatment of cancer and some non-cancer pain conditions associated with the upper gastrointestinal tract. The block can provide adequate pain relief from the area of the distal esophagus to the transverse colon, and can be approached from a variety of ways. This is a review of the anatomy, patient selection, technique, medications used, possible complications, and efficacy of the treatment.

The effectiveness of repeat celiac plexus neurolysis for pancreatic cancer: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Celiac plexus neurolysis (CPN) is an effective but temporary management tool for pancreatic cancer pain (PCP). Clinical studies have shown the duration of benefit with initial CPN to be apaproximately 3 months. When pain recurs, CPN may be repeated, but the outcomes for repeat CPN are not well established. The objective of this study is to determine the success rate and duration of relief following repeat celiac plexus neurolysis (rCPN) for PCP. METHODS: Patients who underwent rCPN were identified from a database and their records reviewed. Responses of rCPN were then compared with iCPN for success rates and duration of relief. Success was defined as ≥ 50% pain relief lasting ≥ 1 month. RESULTS: Overall, there were 24 rCPN performed. The success rate decreased from 67% after initial CPN to 29% following rCPN (P = 0.13). The mean duration of pain relief decreased in parallel from 3.4 months (iCPN) to 1.6 months (rCPN) (P = 0.03). Among those who had a successful rCPN, 2.9 months elapsed from iCPN to rCPN, with disease progression noted in 29%. In those who failed rCPN, 7.8 months elapsed, with disease progression apapreciated in 71% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: rCPN does not provide as much pain relief as iCPN. Disease progression as detailed on imaging appears to be a major factor in the limitations of rCPN. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these results and investigate the utility of rCPN.