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1.
ACS Omega ; 9(25): 27428-27437, 2024 Jun 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38947794

RESUMO

Recently, obtaining collagen films using a cross-linking technique has been a successful strategy. The current investigation used six cross-linker extracts (CE) from six different pomegranate varieties' byproducts to make and characterize collagen-tannin films using acid-soluble collagen (SC). The polymeric film has a yellow hue after CE incorporation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy assessed the impact of CE and its successful interaction within the matrix. The shifts verify different interactions between extracts and collagen functional groups, where they likely form new hydrogen bonds, retaining their helix structure without damaging the matrix. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the morphology and fiber size. The average diameter of the fibers was found to be about 3.64 µm. Thermal behaviors (denaturation and degradation) were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. The weight losses of cross-linked films increased by around 20% compared to non-cross-linked ones. This phenomenon was explained by the absence of telopeptide sections in the collagen helical structure, typically reinforced by lysine and hydroxylysine covalent linkages. Nanoscaled observations were also accomplished using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on SC and SC-CE. The TEM analysis confirmed the CE polymerization degree effect on the cross-linking density via the overlap sequences, ranging up to 32.38 ± 2.37 nm on the fibril. The prepared biodegradable collagen-tannin film showed higher cross-linking density, which is expected to improve the biomaterial applications of collagen films while exploiting the underrated pomegranate byproducts.

2.
PLoS One ; 18(12): e0289127, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38064520

RESUMO

Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) is an advantageous way to supply phosphate (P) to plants. The Mediterranean climate of Morocco, especially the low-lying areas, is semi-arid with nutrient-depleted soils in which small-scale, low-income farmers dominate without access to expensive inorganic fertilizers. However, there is not a wide range of PSBs suitable for various agroecological situations. Furthermore, our understanding of the soil and climatic variables that influence their development is limited. This study aims to examine the impacts of specific environmental factors, such as climate and soil, on the abundance, potential, and diversity of PSBs in four agricultural regions of Morocco. To assess the possible impact of these factors on the P solubilization capacity of PSBs and plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, we analyzed the soil and climate of each sample studied. Similarly, we tested the P solubilization efficiency of the isolates. The bacteria were isolated in a National Botanical Research Institute's phosphate (NBRIP) agar medium. A total of 51 PSBs were studied in this work. The P-solubilization average of Rock P (RP) and Tricalcium P (TCP) of all strains that were isolated from each of the four regions ranged from 18.69 mg.L-1 to 40.43 mg.L-1 and from 71.71 mg.L-1 to 94.54 mg.L-1, respectively. The PGP traits of the isolated strains are positively correlated with the PSBs abundance and the sample characteristics (soil and climate). The morphological and biochemical characteristics of the strain allowed us to identify around nine different bacterial genera, including Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Rhizobium. The findings showed that bacterial communities, density, and potency are closely correlated to various edapho-climatic conditions such as temperature, precipitation, soil nutrient status, and soil texture. These findings could be used to improve an effective plant-PSBs system and increase agricultural output by taking into account their specific ecological traits and plant growth mechanisms.


Assuntos
Bacillus , Fosfatos , Solo , Bactérias , Agricultura , Microbiologia do Solo
3.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol ; 39(12): 331, 2023 Oct 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37798570

RESUMO

The present study aimed at characterizing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from traditional sourdoughs collected in different regions of Morocco. Isolated strains were firstly identified using Gram staining and catalase reaction test. Presumptive LAB strains were then checked for various phenotypical properties including growth at 45 °C, resistance to NaCl, enzyme production, acidification capacity, diacetyl and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, and antifungal activity. Finally, selected LAB strains were identified using 16S rDNA sequencing. Results showed that 32.1% of the isolates were thermophilic (45 °C) and 83.9% were resistant to NaCl (6.5%). Moreover, 51.7 and 37.5% were able to produce diacetyl and EPS, respectively. Regarding enzyme production, 55.3 and 7.1% of the isolates showed lipolytic and proteolytic activities, respectively. Low pH values (3.37-3.76) were obtained after 24 h of incubation of LAB strains in de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth. Antifungal activity test against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium spp. showed an inhibition rate up to 50%. Bacterial DNA sequencing showed that LAB isolates belong to seven species, chiefly Levilactobacillus brevis, Lentilactobacillus parabuchneri, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Enterococcus hirae, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, and Companilactobacillus paralimentarius. These findings, for the first time in Moroccan sourdoughs, indicate that the isolated LAB strains have good multifunctional properties and could be suitable as good starters for sourdough bread production under controlled conditions.


Assuntos
Lactobacillales , Humanos , Antifúngicos , Diacetil , Cloreto de Sódio , Fermentação , Biodiversidade , Pão/microbiologia , Microbiologia de Alimentos
4.
Front Microbiol ; 14: 1212702, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37645230

RESUMO

The application of chemical fertilizers for plant growth and protection is one of the reasons for the environment and ecosystem destruction, thus, sustainable agriculture is gaining popularity in research and among farming communities. Although most soils are high in total phosphorus (P), a large portion is unavailable to plants and regarded as a growth-limiting factor. P-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) exploitation is a newly developed bio-solution for enhancing rhizosphere P availability; however, the effect of these bacteria on soil quality and the different phases of plant growth remains unknown. This study aims to evaluate the impact of five strains of PSB, isolated from legume rhizosphere, on the growth of two plants (Vicia faba and Pisum sativum) and certain soil properties. The efficient strains of PSB used are characterized by the P-solubilization, the ACC deaminase activity, the fixation of N, and the IAA, HCN, and siderophores production. The activity of these bacteria is tested in vitro and in vivo under controlled conditions on the growth of the two plants supplemented with the rock P (RP). According to our findings, all PSBs strains outperformed the control in terms of enhancing the growth of the tested legumes with a percentage ranging from 77.78 to 88.88%, respectively. The results showed that all treatments significantly improved plant parameters like nitrogen- (N) and P-content in the plants (67.50, 23.11%), respectively. Also, an increase in the fresh and dry weights of above- (41.17, 38.57%) and below-ground biomasses (56.6, 42.28%), respectively. Compared to the control, this leads to an increase of 72% in root length, 40.91% in plant dry weight, and 40.07% in fresh weight. Rhizospheric soil in PSBs treatments displayed high levels of N, P, and organic matter. All treatments were found to have significantly higher levels of alkaline phosphatase, basal soil respiration, and ß-glucosidase activity than the control. It is concluded that multi-traits PSB can be an alternative for utilizing chemical fertilizers to enhance soil quality and plant growth. Despite the potency of PSBs, its use as a source for the development of sustainable agriculture implies focusing on crop species and adaptation, stress tolerance and climate resilience.

5.
J Basic Microbiol ; 63(3-4): 427-438, 2023 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36707409

RESUMO

Inulinase is an enzyme that catalyzes inulin to d-fructose. This enzyme can be extracted from plants, but it is difficult to obtain it in large quantities, so its production cost is high. Therefore, microbial inulinase has great potential for industrial needs. In the last decade, there have been very few reports on actinobacterial inulinases, especially on purification and characterization of inulinase process extraction. This study aims to select actinomycetes that possess high inulinase activity from the soil. To screen inulinase-producing bacteria, modified Czapex-Dox agar supplemented with 1% inulin powder was used. The most effective isolate was Streptomyces sp. EFBO8, morphological and genotypic identification methods, confirmed that the strain is Streptomyces anulatus and that its nucleotide sequence has been deposited in GenBank under accession number OQ073700. To optimize inulinase production, kinetics were performed by using S. anulatus strain, which proved to be most productive with a value of 24,024 EU/mL. The enzyme was purified from the culture filtrate by precipitation with ammonium sulfate (NH4 )2 SO4 , followed by column chromatography Sephadex (G-50) separation. Purified protein has a molecular mass of 3331.83 Da.


Assuntos
Inulina , Streptomyces , Inulina/química , Inulina/metabolismo , Glicosídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Streptomyces/metabolismo
6.
Front Chem ; 11: 1327426, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38239928

RESUMO

For many years, chitosan has been widely regarded as a promising eco-friendly polymer thanks to its renewability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and ease of modification, giving it enormous potential for future development. As a cationic polysaccharide, chitosan exhibits specific physicochemical, biological, and mechanical properties that depend on factors such as its molecular weight and degree of deacetylation. Recently, there has been renewed interest surrounding chitosan derivatives and chitosan-based nanocomposites. This heightened attention is driven by the pursuit of enhancing efficiency and expanding the spectrum of chitosan applications. Chitosan's adaptability and unique properties make it a game-changer, promising significant contributions to industries ranging from healthcare to environmental remediation. This review presents an up-to-date overview of chitosan production sources and extraction methods, focusing on chitosan's physicochemical properties, including molecular weight, degree of deacetylation and solubility, as well as its antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities. In addition, we highlight the advantages of chitosan derivatives and biopolymer modification methods, with recent advances in the preparation of chitosan-based nanocomposites. Finally, the versatile applications of chitosan, whether in its native state, derived or incorporated into nanocomposites in various fields, such as the food industry, agriculture, the cosmetics industry, the pharmaceutical industry, medicine, and wastewater treatment, were discussed.

7.
Molecules ; 27(23)2022 Nov 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36500378

RESUMO

The current study aims to develop eco-friendly and economical chitosans with a wide range of applications using organic acids for shrimp shells demineralization. Chitosan samples were extracted from shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) shells and the demineralization step was performed with three organic acids (citric, acetic, and lactic) and two mineral acids (hydrochloric and sulfuric). The chitosans were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chitosans' physicochemical properties were also determined. The characteristic bands and functional groups of the chitosans were identified by FTIR spectra. The chitosans' crystallinity order was as follows: ChHCl > ChCitric > ChH2SO4 > ChLactic > ChAcetic. The chitosans' morphological characteristics revealed a smooth surface and fibrous structures with pores. Chitosans extracted by organic acids showed the highest extraction yields. ChHCl and ChCitric had higher degrees of deacetylation values; 83.67% and 81.47%, respectively. The solubility was proportional to the degree of deacetylation. Furthermore, ChH2SO4 and ChCitric had lower molecular weight values; 149 kDa and 183 kDa, respectively. Organic acids are as effective as mineral acids for shrimp shells demineralization. The developed process opens up possibilities to produce chitin and chitosan in a more eco-friendly way and at a lower cost in many industrial sectors.


Assuntos
Quitosana , Quitosana/química , Quitina/química , Peso Molecular , Difração de Raios X , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Compostos Orgânicos
8.
Front Microbiol ; 13: 958300, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36225374

RESUMO

Low-cost and environmentally friendly agricultural practices have received increasing attention in recent years. Developing microbial inoculants containing phosphate (P) solubilizing bacteria (PSB) represents an emerging biological solution to improve rhizosphere P availability. The present study aims to explore PSB strains isolated from soils located at different bioclimatic stages in Morocco and present in various legumes rhizosphere to improve agronomic microbial fertilizer's effectiveness. It was also aimed to test the isolated strains for their ability to solubilize P in NBRIP medium with Tricalcium P (Ca3 (PO4)2) (TCP), rock phosphate (RP), and their combination as a source of phosphorus, by (22) experiment design. Bacterial strains with a high P solubility index (PSI) were selected, characterized, and compared to commercial control. The vanadate-molybdate method was used to estimate P solubilization activity. Stress tolerance to salinity, acidity, drought, and temperature was tested. From all isolated strains (64), 12 were screened as promising biotechnological interest because of their P solubilization and their good resistance to different drastic conditions. Besides, the strain WJEF15 showed the most P solubility efficiency in NBRIP solid medium with a PSI of 4.1; while the WJEF61 strain was located as the most efficient strain in NBRIP-TCP liquid medium by releasing 147.62 mg.l-1 of soluble P. In contrast, in the NBRIP-RP medium, the strain WJEF15 presented maximum solubilization with 25.16 mg.l-1. The experiment design showed that a combination of RP and TCP with max level progressively increases P solubilization by 20.58%, while the WJEF63 strain has the most efficient concentration of 102.69 mg.l-1. Indeed, among the selected strains, four strains were able to limit tested fungi growth. Thus, results reveal a potential effect of selecting PSBs to support cropping cultures as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR).

9.
Molecules ; 27(12)2022 Jun 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35744970

RESUMO

Pomegranate variety properties are important not only to demonstrate their diversity but also to satisfy the current market need for high-quality fruits. This study aims to characterize pomological and physico-chemical features as well as the antioxidant capacity of Moroccan local cultivars (Djeibi, Mersi, Sefri 1 and Sefri 2) compared to the imported ones (Mollar de Elche and Hicaz). The pomological characteristics of varieties were relatively diverse. The juice varieties (PJ) displayed a marketed variability in organoleptic and quality properties, such as the flavor, juice yield, and micro/macronutrients contents. Interrelationships among the analyzed properties and PJ varieties were investigated by principal component analysis (PCA). Dimension of the data set was reduced to two components by PCA accounting for 64.53% of the variability observed. The rinds varieties (PR) were studied for their total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins quantifications. PR varieties extracts exhibited different levels of free radical scavenging activity and local varieties revealed a greater potential with stability over time. The HPLC-DAD analyses of PR extracts revealed (+) catechin as the major compound, where the highest content was found for the local varieties. The SEC analysis showed the molecular weight distribution of phenolic compounds with a high size of condensed tannins formed by the polymerization of the catechin monomer. Given these properties, this research provides an easy selection of high-quality fruits as potential candidates for local market needs.


Assuntos
Catequina , Lythraceae , Punica granatum , Proantocianidinas , Antioxidantes/química , Catequina/análise , Frutas/química , Lythraceae/química , Marrocos , Fenóis/análise , Extratos Vegetais/química , Proantocianidinas/análise , Sensação
10.
Food Chem X ; 14: 100305, 2022 Jun 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35520389

RESUMO

Two exopolysaccharides (EPS) producing strains, isolated from raw donkey milk were identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides SL and Enterococcus viikkiensis N5 using 16S rDNA sequencing. The Box Benheken design exhibited the highest yield of EPS-SL (672.342 mg/L) produced by SL and of EPS-N5 (901 mg/L) produced by N5. The molecular weight was 1.68×104 for EPS-SL and 1.55×104 Da for EPS-N5. FTIR, NMR and GC-MS analysis showed that the EPS are heteropolysaccharides. The SEM image showed that the EPS-SL was smooth and represented a lotus leaf shape and EPS-N5 revealed a stiff-like, porous appearance and was more compact than EPS-SL. The TGA analyses showed high thermal stability and degradation temperature. Additionally, the two EPSs possessed antibacterial and antioxidant activity, and the EPS-SL had the stronger antioxidant activity. Consequently, these results suggest that the functional and biological properties of EPS-SL and EPS-N5 imply the potential application in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

11.
RSC Adv ; 12(7): 4175-4186, 2022 Jan 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35425412

RESUMO

An environmental approach for leather manufacturing is primordial to provide a global strategy towards more sustainable biomaterials and greener tanning processing methods. The ability of collagen as a principal component of skin to combine natural phenolic compounds, especially vegetable tannins, has been proven to be eco-friendly and manageable, while making good improvement to leather properties in the tanning process. In this study, we have used pomegranate phenolic compounds and insoluble collagen as a model system to examine the effects of tanning steps on the conformation of collagen. In detail, efficient modified extraction of pure insoluble collagen (IC) was presented. The IC was successfully identified using XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDS and TGA-DSC to verify the triple helix structure, morphology and thermal properties. As a result, the as-extracted collagen exhibits a high purity, preserving the triple helix collagen structure. Besides, the IC was modified using extracted pomegranate phenolic compounds, resulting in Crosslinked Insoluble Collagen (CIC). Characterization techniques were also performed to confirm the crosslinking process. Indeed, by comparing the FTIR vibrational spectra of IC and CIC, slight shifts of amide groups were observed, indicating the presence of inter and intramolecular interaction between IC functional groups and pomegranate phenolic compounds. Moreover, the morphology of CIC was changed. XRD analysis confirms collagen conformational integrity. Finally, thermal properties were improved. The temperature at 50% weight loss (T°50) increases from 344.54 °C to 375.53 °C. CIC multifunctionality allowed utilizing pomegranate phenolic compound extracts as a tanning agent in leather processing.

12.
Front Microbiol ; 13: 1115340, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36704550

RESUMO

The climatic conditions of the growing regions influence the fruit's microbiological quality and their tolerance to post-harvest pathogens. The present work aims to identify the prevalence of bacterial and fungal strains of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa) in the Gharb and Loukkos regions of Morocco. Thus, to establish a correlation between the microbial load and the climatic conditions of the two targeted regions. The bacteriological analyses were studied according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) methodologies. Regarding the mycological study, fungal species determination was performed using identification keys. Yeast species determination was done using genus analysis, assimilation, and fermentation tests. Emberger bioclimatic quotients (Q2) were calculated for the Gharb and Loukkos regions and bioclimatic stages were determined. Salmonella spp. was not detected in the studied samples. However, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli were isolated from the Gharb samples. Sulfite-reducing clostridia spores were found in two Gharb samples versus one Loukkos sample. Coagulase-positive staphylococci were negative in all samples analyzed. Loukkos and Gharb regions were contaminated by Bacillus cereus with percentages of occurrence of 5.2 and 7.8%, respectively. The fungi found in strawberries from both regions were Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp., and Alternaria alternata with a significant predominance in the Loukkos samples. Indeed, a marked presence is noted for Candida sake and Rhodotorula glutinis in strawberries from Loukkos. Gharb is located on the semi-arid stage, while Loukkos is located on the sub-humid stage. Climatic conditions have a strong influence on plant microbial load, which explains the prevalence of bacteria in strawberries from Gharb and the prevalence of fungi in strawberries from Loukkos.

13.
ScientificWorldJournal ; 2020: 9872185, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32292296

RESUMO

The present work aims to elaborate many juice formulas (F1 to F8) from two dried fruits (jujubes: Ziziphus lotus L. and dates: Phoenix dactylifera L.). Physicochemical and biochemical characterization of the formula juices shows that juices rich in dates fruits (F1, F3, F5, and F7) are loaded, on average, in total sugars (129.5 g/l), proteins (3.02 g/l), lipids (1.08 g/l), and carotenoid (0.02 mg/l), while juices rich in jujube fruits (F2, F4, F6, and F8) are overloaded, on average, in phenolic compounds (697 mg/l), flavonoids (6.32 mg/l), condensed tannins (2.1 mg/l), hydrolysable tannins (359.5 mg/l), and viscosity (1.062 mm 10-3 s). All formulations developed have a pH that rotates between 5.12 and 5.20. Total antioxidant capacity (CAT) reveals that formulations F1, F3, F5, and F7 show a strong activity compared to the other formulas. The DPPH test shows that all formulated juices have the same antioxidant profile with IC50 values lower than the template (BHT and Vit C). The FRAP test reveals that F2, F4, F6, and F8 formulas have a strong reducing power. Organoleptic evaluation by a jury shows that F4 formula is the best in terms of odor, aroma, and aftertaste agreeability.


Assuntos
Alimentos Formulados/análise , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais/análise , Nutrientes/análise , Phoeniceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Ziziphus/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Fenômenos Químicos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Micronutrientes
14.
ScientificWorldJournal ; 2019: 2630537, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31885523

RESUMO

Snails were fed with three medicinal plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family (rosemary, sage, and peppermint) in order to test their effects on those animals with high nutritive values. The media of raising were flour containing different percentages of the cited plants ranging from 1% to 9%. The feed had benefits on the raised snails depending on the plant and its percentage. Minerals in those aromatic plants, especially zinc and magnesium, had their effect on protein synthesis in snails fed with those plant percentages. Rosemary was the most profitable plant with the highest protein amount, the lowest mortality rate, and reduced microbial charge. Furthermore, it was a good regulator of the specific catalase activity which confirmed the role of the antioxidant activity of rosemary during raising snails.


Assuntos
Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Plantas Medicinais/química , Caramujos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Agricultura/métodos , Animais , Magnésio/análise , Mentha piperita/química , Rosmarinus/química , Salvia officinalis/química , Caramujos/fisiologia , Zinco/análise
15.
ScientificWorldJournal ; 2019: 1418456, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31263383

RESUMO

In this study, we aimed to evaluate planted Henna in three sites in Morocco, namely, Alnif, Tafraoute Sidi Ali, and Tazzarine. Morphometric study shows that Tafraoute Sidi Ali Henna variety has highest geometric and weight parameters (length of 27.48 mm, width of 10.92 mm, specific mass of 25.1 mg/leaf, leaf area of 51, 53 mm2, and rib's number of 9.41) when compared to Alnif and Tazzarine varieties. On the other hand, biochemical analysis shows that Tazzarine Henna variety, in the first rank, is characterized by high levels of total sugars (11.27 g/100 g), reducing sugars (5.59 g/100 g), proteins (4.4 g/100g), lipids (3.05 g/100g), phenolic compounds (31.9 g/100 g), flavonoids (5.68 g/100 g), and tannins (5.5 g/100 g). Chromatographic study shows that Tazzarine Henna variety is rich in monocyclic and polycyclic phenolic compounds. Climatic conditions analysis shows that the morphometric and biochemical diversity is related to hydrous and thermal profiles of studied sites. As a conclusion of this work, we can recommend the use of morphometric analysis and phytochemical and chromatographic analysis to determine the quality of Henna in Morocco and elsewhere.


Assuntos
Ecossistema , Lawsonia (Planta)/anatomia & histologia , Lawsonia (Planta)/química , Clima , Peso Molecular , Marrocos , Fenóis/análise , Fenóis/química , Fenótipo , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/anatomia & histologia , Folhas de Planta/química
16.
ScientificWorldJournal ; 2019: 8594820, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31178668

RESUMO

Capparis spinosa is one of the few shrub species which has so many qualities with many uses. In this case, the present work aimed to study both some morphological characteristics and biochemical components (proteins, lipids, and carotenoids) of fresh C. spinosa seeds with three different sizes, collected from two Moroccan regions. In this study, C. spinosa seeds present a total of proteins ranging from 23.32 to 28.5% on a dry weight basis. Additionally, the total lipids varied between 2.8 and 3.4%. C. spinosa seeds contained a high level of carotenoids. Besides, the analytical values have been variously affected by both size and location. Further, the preliminary morphological and anatomical characterization of leaves, stems, and morphological properties such as length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area, and mass of 100 seeds have been determined. Consequently, this present study confirms the importance of Moroccan C. spinosa seeds, which represent a significant nutritional value. Also, its good morphological quality is a significant indicator of commercial criteria.


Assuntos
Capparis/anatomia & histologia , Capparis/química , Valor Nutritivo , Sementes/anatomia & histologia , Sementes/química , Folhas de Planta , Caules de Planta
17.
ScientificWorldJournal ; 2019: 2517293, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31093015

RESUMO

Due to its balanced composition in basic nutrients, its richness in vitamins and in minerals, camel milk has a special place in the daily diet of southern populations. The present study aimed at examining some physicochemical and biochemical characteristics of camel milk (Camelus dromedarius) in Morocco. To achieve this aim, three batches of samples of camel milk were collected from various regions (Dakhla, Errachida, and Fès-Meknes) undergoing physicochemical and biochemical analyses. Results showed that Moroccan camel milk is characterized by slight hydronium potential (pH=6.5), low Dornic acidity (15°D), low density (1.029 kg/l), and high content of ashes (8.06 g/l). Likewise, samples had a high content of macronutrients (Fats: 34.09 g/l; Proteins: 32.4 g/l; Sugar: 49.8 g/l) and micronutrients (Vitamin C: 27.53 mg/l; Flavonoids: 29.05 mg EQ/l: total phenolic compounds: 35.45mg GAE/l). In this respect, working on multiple specimens from different Moroccan regions highlighted an analytical diversity from the south to the north. Comparative study of samples from numerous territories all over the world has confirmed this diversity. North African milk is characterized by high content of proteins, fats, and sugar. On the other hand, oriental milk is peculiarized by high vitamin C content.


Assuntos
Leite/química , Nutrientes/análise , Valor Nutritivo , Animais , Camelus , Geografia , Marrocos , Nutrientes/química
18.
PLoS One ; 11(9): e0161751, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27644093

RESUMO

Orange (Citrus sinensis) and grapefruit (Citrus paradise) peels were used as a source of pectin, which was extracted under different conditions. The peels are used under two states: fresh and residual (after essential oil extraction). Organic acid (citric acid) and mineral acid (sulfuric acid) were used in the pectin extraction. The aim of this study is the evaluation the effect of extraction conditions on pectin yield, degree of esterification "DE" and on molecular weight "Mw". Results showed that the pectin yield was higher using the residual peels. Moreover, both peels allow the obtainment of a high methoxyl pectin with DE >50%. The molecular weight was calculated using Mark-Houwink-Sakurada equation which describes its relationship with intrinsic viscosity. This later was determined using four equations; Huggins equation, kramer, Schulz-Blaschke and Martin equation. The molecular weight varied from 1.538 x1005 to 2.47x1005 g/mol for grapefruit pectin and from 1.639 x1005 to 2.471 x1005 g/mol for orange pectin.


Assuntos
Citrus paradisi/química , Citrus sinensis/química , Pectinas/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Ácido Cítrico/química , Esterificação , Frutas/química , Pectinas/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Ácidos Sulfúricos/química , Viscosidade
19.
FEMS Microbiol Lett ; 223(2): 215-9, 2003 Jun 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12829289

RESUMO

During olive oil production, large quantities of olive mill wastewater (OMW) are produced. This wastewater material, containing a high level of phenolic compounds, poses a serious environmental problem in almost all Mediterranean countries. Candida tropicalis YMEC14 was used as an extremophile strain to design an aerobic biotreatment process to detoxify OMW and reduce its polluting organic load. The process was enhanced by directing yeast metabolism towards biodegradation pathways using hexadecane as co-metabolite and by immobilizing yeast cells in calcium alginate beads. Under immobilization conditions, C. tropicalis YMEC14 grown at 40 degrees C in OMW supplemented with hexadecane resulted in 69.7%, 69.2% and 55.3% reduction of chemical oxygen demand, monophenols and polyphenols, respectively, after a 24-h fermentation cycle.


Assuntos
Candida tropicalis/metabolismo , Flavonoides , Eliminação de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde/métodos , Fenóis/metabolismo , Óleos de Plantas , Polímeros/metabolismo , Aerobiose , Alginatos , Biodegradação Ambiental , Candida tropicalis/ultraestrutura , Células Imobilizadas , Fermentação , Ácido Glucurônico , Ácidos Hexurônicos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Azeite de Oliva , Polifenóis
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