Patient characteristics may affect the lymphatic staining ability of Indocyanine green and Patent blue during lymphaticovenous anastomosis.

BACKGROUND: The use of dyes like Indocyanine green (ICG) and Patent blue facilitates the identification of lymphatic vessels during lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) surgery. However, some patients experience "staining failure". In these cases, no stained lymphatic vessels can be detected, making supermicrosurgical LVA even more complex. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate patient-related factors that may interfere with lymphatic vessel staining during LVA. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 30 patient charts, focusing on patient characteristics and the staining quality of ICG and Patent blue dye. Statistical analyses were performed to identify correlations between variables. RESULTS: Significant correlations were found between higher age and secondary lymphedema, longer duration of lymphedema in male patients until surgery and reoccurring cellulitis and Patent blue staining. Notably, recurrent infections to the lymphatic system resulted in inferior staining ability during LVA surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Due to staining failure the detection of functional lymphatic vessels remains challenging in LVA surgery. A more extensive preoperative workup is recommended for patients with recurrent cellulitis to optimize surgical feasibility and procedure quality in LVA treatment for lymphedema.

Pathogens and their resistance behavior in necrotizing fasciitis.

BACKGROUND: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare but life-threatening condition in which extensive soft tissue destruction can occur very quickly if left untreated. Therefore, timely broad-spectrum antibiotic administration is of prognostic importance in addition to radical surgical debridement. AIM: This study evaluates the cases of NF in our hospital during the last ten years retrospectively with respect to the pathogens involved and their antimicrobial resistance. This approach aims to provide guidance regarding the most targeted initial antibiotic therapy. METHODS: We performed a retrospective microbiological study evaluating pathogen detection and resistance patterns including susceptibility testing of 42 patients with NF. RESULTS: Type 1 NF (polymicrobial infection) occurred in 45% of the patients; 31% presented type 2 NF (monomicrobial infection). The most common pathogens detected were E. coli, staphylococci such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Proteus mirabilis, enterococci, and streptococci such as Streptococcus pyogenes. Twelve percent presented an additional fungus infection (type 4). Ten percent showed no cultivation. Two percent (one patient) presented cocci without specification. CONCLUSION: Most pathogens were sensitive to antibiotics recommended by guidelines. This confirms the targeting accuracy of the guidelines. Further studies are necessary to identify risk factors associated with multidrug resistant infections requiring early vancomycin/meropenem administration.