The First Brazilian Cardiovascular Registry of Atrial Fibrillation: Primary Results of the RECALL Study.

BACKGROUND: It is estimated that atrial fibrillation (AF) affects approximately 1.5 million people in Brazil; however, epidemiological data are limited. We sought to evaluate the characteristics, treatment patterns, and clinical outcomes in patients with AF in Brazil by creating the first nationwide prospective registry. METHODS: RECALL was a multicenter, prospective registry that included and followed for 1 year 4,585 patients with AF at 89 sites across Brazil from April 2012 to August 2019. Patient characteristics, concomitant medication use, and clinical outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariable models. RESULTS: Of 4,585 patients enrolled, the median age was 70 (61, 78) years, 46% were women, and 53.8% had permanent AF. Only 4.4% of patients had a history of previous AF ablation and 25.2% had a previous cardioversion. The mean (SD) CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3.2 (1.6); median HAS-BLED score was 2 (2, 3). At baseline, 22% were not on anticoagulants. Of those taking anticoagulants, 62.6% were taking vitamin K antagonists and 37.4% were taking direct oral anticoagulants. The primary reasons for not using an oral anticoagulant were physician judgment (24.6%) and difficulty in controlling (14.7%) or performing (9.9%) INR. Mean (SD) TTR for the study period was 49.5% (27.5). During follow-up, the use of anticoagulants and INR in the therapeutic range increased to 87.1% and 59.1%, respectively. The rates/100 patient-years of death, hospitalization due to AF, AF ablation, cardioversion, stroke, systemic embolism, and major bleeding were 5.76 (5.12-6.47), 15.8 (14.6-17.0), 5.0 (4.4-5.7), 1.8 (1.4-2.2), 2.77 (2.32-3.32), 1.01 (0.75-1.36), and 2.21 (1.81-2.70). Older age, permanent AF, New York Heart Association class III/IV, chronic kidney disease, peripheral arterial disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and dementia were independently associated with increased mortality while the use of anticoagulant was associated with lower risk of death. CONCLUSIONS: RECALL represents the largest prospective registry of patients with AF in Latin America. Our findings highlight important gaps in treatment, which can inform clinical practice and guide future interventions to improve the care of these patients.

A randomized controlled trial to investigate the use of acute coronary syndrome therapy in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: the COVID-19 Acute Coronary Syndrome trial.

BACKGROUND: Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 suffer thrombotic complications. Risk factors for poor outcomes are shared with coronary artery disease. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the efficacy of an acute coronary syndrome regimen in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and coronary disease risk factors. METHODS: A randomized controlled, open-label trial across acute hospitals (United Kingdom and Brazil) added aspirin, clopidogrel, low-dose rivaroxaban, atorvastatin, and omeprazole to standard care for 28 days. Primary efficacy and safety outcomes were 30-day mortality and bleeding. The key secondary outcome was a daily clinical status (at home, in hospital, on intensive therapy unit admission, or death). RESULTS: Three hundred twenty patients from 9 centers were randomized. The trial terminated early due to low recruitment. At 30 days, there was no significant difference in mortality (intervention vs control, 11.5% vs 15%; unadjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.38-1.41; p = .355). Significant bleeds were infrequent and were not significantly different between the arms (intervention vs control, 1.9% vs 1.9%; p > .999). Using a Bayesian Markov longitudinal ordinal model, it was 93% probable that intervention arm participants were more likely to transition to a better clinical state each day (OR, 1.46; 95% credible interval [CrI], 0.88-2.37; Pr [beta > 0], 93%; adjusted OR, 1.50; 95% CrI, 0.91-2.45; Pr [beta > 0], 95%) and median time to discharge to home was 2 days shorter (95% CrI, -4 to 0; 2% probability that it was worse). CONCLUSION: Acute coronary syndrome treatment regimen was associated with a reduction in the length of hospital stay without an excess in major bleeding. A larger trial is needed to evaluate mortality.

Randomized Trial of Anticoagulation Strategies for Noncritically Ill Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: Prior studies of therapeutic-dose anticoagulation in patients with COVID-19 have reported conflicting results. OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the safety and effectiveness of therapeutic-dose anticoagulation in noncritically ill patients with COVID-19. METHODS: Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 not requiring intensive care unit treatment were randomized to prophylactic-dose enoxaparin, therapeutic-dose enoxaparin, or therapeutic-dose apixaban. The primary outcome was the 30-day composite of all-cause mortality, requirement for intensive care unit-level of care, systemic thromboembolism, or ischemic stroke assessed in the combined therapeutic-dose groups compared with the prophylactic-dose group. RESULTS: Between August 26, 2020, and September 19, 2022, 3,398 noncritically ill patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were randomized to prophylactic-dose enoxaparin (n = 1,141), therapeutic-dose enoxaparin (n = 1,136), or therapeutic-dose apixaban (n = 1,121) at 76 centers in 10 countries. The 30-day primary outcome occurred in 13.2% of patients in the prophylactic-dose group and 11.3% of patients in the combined therapeutic-dose groups (HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.69-1.04; P = 0.11). All-cause mortality occurred in 7.0% of patients treated with prophylactic-dose enoxaparin and 4.9% of patients treated with therapeutic-dose anticoagulation (HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.52-0.93; P = 0.01), and intubation was required in 8.4% vs 6.4% of patients, respectively (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.58-0.98; P = 0.03). Results were similar in the 2 therapeutic-dose groups, and major bleeding in all 3 groups was infrequent. CONCLUSIONS: Among noncritically ill patients hospitalized with COVID-19, the 30-day primary composite outcome was not significantly reduced with therapeutic-dose anticoagulation compared with prophylactic-dose anticoagulation. However, fewer patients who were treated with therapeutic-dose anticoagulation required intubation and fewer died (FREEDOM COVID [FREEDOM COVID Anticoagulation Strategy]; NCT04512079).

Persistent Symptoms and Disability After COVID-19 Hospitalization: Data From a Comprehensive Telerehabilitation Program.

OBJECTIVE: To report symptoms, disability, and rehabilitation referral rates after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalization in a large, predominantly older population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study, with postdischarge telemonitoring of individuals hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 at the first month after hospital discharge, as part of a comprehensive telerehabilitation program. SETTING: Private verticalized health care network specialized in the older population. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals hospitalized because of COVID-19. We included 1696 consecutive patients, aged 71.8±13.0 years old and 56.1% female. Comorbidities were present in 82.3% of the cases (N=1696). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Dependence for basic activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) using the Barthel Index and Lawton's Scale. We compared the outcomes between participants admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) vs those admitted to the ward. RESULTS: Participant were followed up for 21.8±11.7 days after discharge. During postdischarge assessment, independence for ADL was found to be lower in the group admitted to the ICU than the ward group (61.1% [95% confidence interval (CI), 55.8%-66.2%] vs 72.7% [95% CI, 70.3%-75.1%], P<.001). Dependence for IADL was also more frequent in the ICU group (84.6% [95% CI, 80.4%-88.2%] vs 74.5%, [95% CI, 72.0%-76.8%], P<.001). Individuals admitted to ICU required more oxygen therapy (25.5% vs 12.6%, P<.001), presented more shortness of breath during routine (45.2% vs 34.5%, P<.001) and nonroutine activities (66.3% vs 48.2%, P<.001), and had more difficulty standing up for 10 minutes (49.3% vs 37.9% P<.001). The rehabilitation treatment plan consisted mostly of exercise booklets, which were offered to 65.5% of participants. The most referred rehabilitation professionals were psychologists (11.8%), physical therapists (8.0%), dietitians (6.8%), and speech-language pathologists (4.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals hospitalized because of COVID-19 present high levels of disability, dyspnea, dysphagia, and dependence for both ADL and IADL. Those admitted to the ICU presented more advanced disability parameters.

SYNTAX Score in Patients With Diabetes Undergoing Coronary Revascularization in the FREEDOM Trial.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with complex coronary artery disease (CAD), which in turn results in increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the utility of SYNTAX score (SS) for predicting future cardiovascular events in patients with DM and complex CAD undergoing either coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: The FREEDOM (Future REvascularization Evaluation in patients with Diabetes mellitus: Optimal management of Multivessel disease) trial randomized patients with DM and multivessel CAD to undergo either PCI with drug-eluting stents or CABG. The SS was calculated retrospectively by a core laboratory. The endpoint of hard cardiovascular events (HCE) was a composite of death from any cause, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and nonfatal stroke, while the endpoint of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) was a composite of HCE and repeat revascularization. RESULTS: A total of 1,900 patients were randomized to PCI (n = 953) or CABG (n = 947). The SS was considered an independent predictor of 5-year MACCE (hazard ratio per unit of SS: 1.02; 95% confidence interval: 1.00 to 1.03; p = 0.014) and HCE (hazard ratio per unit of SS: 1.03; 95% confidence interval: 1.01 to 1.04; p = 0.002) in the PCI cohort, but not in the CABG group. There was a higher incidence of MACCE in PCI patients with low, intermediate, and high SS compared with those who underwent CABG (36.6% vs. 25.9%, p = 0.02; 43.9% vs. 26.8%, p < 0.001; 48.7% vs. 29.7%, p = 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In DM patients with multivessel CAD, the complexity of CAD evaluated by the SS is an independent risk factor for MACCE and HCE only in patients undergoing PCI. The SS should not be utilized to guide the choice of coronary revascularization in patients with DM and multivessel CAD. (Comparison of Two Treatments for Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease in Individuals With Diabetes [FREEDOM]; NCT00086450).

Four-year clinical follow-up of the first-in-man randomized comparison of a novel sirolimus eluting stent with abluminal biodegradable polymer and ultra-thin strut cobalt-chromium alloy: the INSPIRON-I trial.

BACKGROUND: The Inspiron™ sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) is a low-dose, ultra-thin-strut cobalt-chromium stent abluminally coated with biodegradable polymers (BP). Previous results from the INSPIRON-I trial, a first-in-man study, have proven the efficacy of the novel stent in reducing neointimal proliferation. The present report aims at evaluating the long-term clinical outcomes of patients enrolled into the INSPIRON-I trial (Clinical Trials Gov. identifier: NCT01093391). METHODS: A total of 57 patients (60 lesions) were randomly allocated in a 2:1 ratio to treatment with the Inspiron™ SES vs. its equivalent Cronus™ bare metal stent (BMS, both by Scitech Medical™, Aparecida de Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil), in four tertiary centers. The primary endpoint of the present analysis was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) [death, myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel revascularization (TVR) and/or target lesion revascularization (TLR)] at 4 years. RESULTS: Baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics of both groups were similar. After 4 years, the primary endpoint occurred in 7.9% vs. 23.5% of patients in Inspiron and control groups respectively (P=0.11). The rate of death/MI was similar between the groups, but there was a significant decrease in the risk of repeat revascularization in the Inspiron group compared to the control arm TLR (0.0% vs. 23.5% respectively, P=0.02). There were no stent thromboses in the study population. CONCLUSIONS: The novel Inspiron™ SES showed a sustained safe and effective clinical profile after 4-year of follow-up, with very low adverse events and null stent thrombosis (ST) occurrence.

Aplicação do escore angiográfico SYNTAX em pacientes diabéticos, com doença aterosclerótica coronária obstrutiva multiarterial submetidos à terapia de revascularização miocárdica / SYNTAX Score application in diabetic patients with multivessel coronary artery disease randomized to CABG versus PCI - insights on the long-term follow-up

INTRODUÇÃO: O SYNTAX escore avalia a complexidade da doença arterial coronária (DAC). As diretrizes de revascularização miocárdica recomendam a sua utilização para auxiliar na escolha da melhor estratégia de tratamento (cirurgia ou angioplastia) nos pacientes com DAC estável. O diabetes está associado a DAC de maior complexidade. Poucos estudos avaliaram a aplicação do SYNTAX escore em pacientes diabéticos com DAC multiarterial. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o SYNTAX escore como preditor de eventos cardiovasculares adversos maiores (ECAM) nos grupos angioplastia coronária (ATC) e cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (RM) em pacientes diabéticos com DAC multiarterial. Comparar a RM e ATC em relação aos ECAM nas categorias do SYNTAX escore baixo, intermediário e alto. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, centro único, com pacientes diabéticos com DAC multiarterial randomizados para ATC ou RM. O SYNTAX escore foi calculado post hoc por avaliador independente. Pacientes foram categorizados de acordo com o SYNTAX escore: baixo ( <= 22), intermediário ( > 22 e < 33) e alto ( >= 33). Foi avaliada prospectivamente a incidência de ECAM compostos por infarto agudo do miocárdio, acidente vascular cerebral, necessidade de nova revascularização e mortalidade. RESULTADOS: Pacientes diabéticos (n=191) com DAC multiarterial, foram randomizados para realização de RM (n=95) ou ATC com stent farmacológico (n=96). Foram excluídos da população 3 pacientes: um caso devido a desistência da RM após randomização e dois casos com coronariografias sem condições técnicas de cálculo do SYNTAX escore. Total de 188 pacientes, 96 no grupo ATC e 92 no grupo RM, foram acompanhados por tempo mediano de 6,5 anos (variando de 0,1 a 8,6 anos). Foi observada maior incidência de ECAM nos pacientes com SYNTAX escore intermediário no grupo ATC (17,6% baixo, 52,5% intermediário e 40,9% alto, p=0.02). Não foi observada diferença de ECAM entre as diferentes categorias de SYNTAX escore no grupo RM (13.5%...

AIMS: Evaluate the SYNTAX score (SS) in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACCE) in coronary angioplasty (PCI) and surgery (CABG) groups in diabetic patients with symptomatic multivessel Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Comparing CABG and PCI according SS category. METHODS AND RESULTS: Single center study including 188 patients randomized to PCI (n=96) or CABG (n=92), followed for a median of 6.5 (0.1 to 8.6) years. There were no differences in MACCE in the CABG group regardless of the SS categories (13.5% low, 15.6% intermediate, 34.8% higher, p=0.10), while in the PCI group significant differences in MACCE were detected (17.6% low, 52.5% intermediate and 40.9% higher, p=0.02). In the PCI and CABG groups SS did not predict MACCE in the Cox regression analysis (p > 0,05). Comparing PCI and CABG according SS category there was a higher incidence of MACCE in patients with intermediate SS in the PCI group (52.5% in PCI group vs 15.6% in CABG group, p=0.002) and no difference were observed in patients with low (17.6% in PCI vs 13.5% in CABG, p=0.59) and high SS ( 40.9% in PCI vs 34.8% in CABG, p=0.68). CONCLUSIONS: In diabetic patients with multivessel CAD the SS was not an independent risk factor for MACCE in the PCI and CABG groups. Diabetic patients with intermediate SS showed higher MACCE in the PCI group versus CABG.

First-in-man randomised comparison of a novel sirolimus-eluting stent with abluminal biodegradable polymer and thin-strut cobalt-chromium alloy: INSPIRON-I trial.

AIMS: The INSPIRON-I trial is a first-in-man evaluation of the safety and efficacy of the Inspiron drug-eluting stent, a sirolimus-eluting stent with abluminal biodegradable polymer coating and thin cobalt-chromium alloy. METHODS AND RESULTS: This is a randomised, multicentre comparison between Inspiron and a stent with the same metallic structure but without polymer coating or drug elution (Cronus). The primary objective was to evaluate the in-segment late loss (LLL) at six months. Secondary endpoints included percent in-stent obstruction as measured by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) at six months and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Fifty-eight patients were enrolled (60 lesions), 39 for Inspiron and 19 for Cronus. Baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics of both groups were similar. At six months, the in-segment LLL was reduced in the Inspiron group compared to the control group (0.19±0.16 mm vs. 0.58±0.4 mm, respectively; p<0.001), as well as the percent neointimal obstruction (7.8±7.1% vs. 26.5±11.4%; p<0.001). At two-year follow-up, incidence of MACE was similar between groups (7.9 vs. 21.1%, respectively; p=0.20), with lower target lesion revascularisation for Inspiron (0 vs. 21.1%, respectively; p=0.01) and no stent thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS: Sirolimus eluted from an abluminal biodegradable polymer on a cobalt-chromium alloy proved effective in reducing restenosis at six months.

Long term follow-up of drug eluting versus bare metal stents in the treatment of saphenous vein graft lesions.

INTRODUCTION: The safety and effectiveness of drug-eluting stent (DES) compared with bare metal stents (BMS) for the treatment of saphenous vein graft (SVG) disease is controversial, especially because of the lack of long-term follow-up. The aim of this study was to address the late outcome of DES versus BMS for the treatment of SVG lesions. METHODS: A matched, case-control study included 82 patients in each group. Patients groups were matched by gender, age, clinical presentation, and diabetes. The primary study end point was occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Secondary end points included death, cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), and target vessel revascularization (TVR). RESULTS: Clinical and angiographic characteristics were similar between the groups. At 6 months, TVR (hazard ratio [HR] 6.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.39 to 26.93, P = 0.05), and MACE (HR 2.54, 95% CI 1.08 to 5.98, P = 0.04) were higher in the BMS group. At 4 years the risks of MI (P = 0.21), TVR (P = 0.99), and MACE (P = 0.21) were similar between both groups. However, the rates of death (HR 2.74, 95% CI 1.11 to 6.74, P = 0.04) and cardiac death (HR 4.26, 95% CI 1.59 to 11.35, P = 0.01) were significantly higher in the BMS group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the use of DES compared with BMS in the treatment of SVG lesions reduces TVR and MACE at 6 months of follow-up, a benefit that was lost over the next 3-4 years.

Evolução hospitalar de pacientes submetidos a assistência circulatória com balão intra-aórtico durante intervenção coronária percutânea de alto risco: registro InCor / In-hospital outcomes of patients submitted to circulatory support with intra-aortic balloon pump during high risk percutaneous coronary intervention: InCor registry

Introdução: O balão intra-aórtico (BIA) é utilizado há décadas como dispositivo de assistência circulatória, sendo recomendado na maioria das diretrizes, apesar da fraca evidência em relação à redução da mortalidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso do BIA como ferramenta adjunta na intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP). Métodos: Registro unicêntrico que analisou a evolução hospitalar de 134 pacientes consecutivos que utilizaram BIA durante ICP de alto risco ou na vigência de choque cardiogênico. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 64,7 ± 12,5 anos e 67,9 eram do sexo masculino. A população apresentou características de alto risco, com 33,5 de diabéticos, 73,1 tratados na vigência de infarto do miocárdio, 68,6 com padrão triarterial, e fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo de 38,6 ± 16,1. Fluxo TIMI 2/3 foi obtido em 86,4 dos casos, sendo tratada 1,6 ± 0,6 lesão/paciente. Ocorreram 18 (13,4) reinfartos, dos quais 9 (6,7) por trombose do stent, sendo 2 (1,4) pacientes encaminhados para cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica e 16 (11,9), para nova ICP. A mortalidade hospitalar foi de 61,2 e a taxa de eventos cardíacos adversos maiores (ECAM) foi de 67,2. Por análise multivariada, foram preditores de mortalidade: idade > 65 anos, ICP prévia, necessidade de diálise e padrão triarterial. Os preditores de sobrevida foram: função ventricular normal, fluxo TIMI 2/3 ao final do procedimento e permanência do BIA > 72 horas. Conclusões: Os pacientes que utilizaram BIA durante ICP apresentaram perfil clínico de risco muito alto, que se refletiu em elevada taxa de óbito. Fatores clínicos, angiográficos e do procedimento podem identificar variáveis que interferem independentemente na mortalidade.

The intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) has been used for decades as a circulatory support device, being recommended in most guidelines, despite poor evidence of mortality reduction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of IABP as an adjunct therapy in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: Single center registry analyzing in-hospital outcomes of 134 consecutive patients submitted to IABP during high risk PCI or in the presence of cardiogenic shock. RESULTS: Mean age was 64.7 + 12.5 years and 67.9% were males. The population presented high-risk features, with 33.5% of diabetic patients, 73.1% treated in the presence of myocardial infarction, 68.6% with three-vessel disease and left ventricular ejection fraction of 38.6 + 16.1%. TIMI 2/3 flow was obtained in 86.4% of the cases and 1.6 + 0.6 lesion/patient was treated. There were 18 (13.4%) reinfarctions, of which 9 (6.7%) were due to stent thrombosis, 2 (1.4%) patients were referred for CABG and 16 (11.9%) for a new PCI. Hospital mortality was 61.2% and the major adverse cardiac events (MACE) rate was 67.2%. By multivariate analysis, predictors of mortality were: age > 65 years, prior PCI, need of dialysis and three-vessel disease. Predictors of survival were: normal ventricular function, TIMI 2/3 flow at the end of the procedure and IABP utilization > 72 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing PCI with IABP support have a very high risk clinical profile, which led to high mortality rates. Clinical, angiographic and procedure-related factors can identify independent variables for mortality.

Pseudoaneurisma: rara complicação do acesso radial / Pseudoaneurysm: a rare complications of radial access

A via radial apresenta menores taxas de complicações vasculares para realização de cinecoronariografia. O pseudoaneurisma da artéria radial é uma complicação rara desse procedimento. O diagnóstico precoce é essencial para evitar complicações como ruptura espontânea, isquemia e síndrome compartimental. Neste relato é descrito um caso de pseudoaneurisma da artéria radial direita após realização de cinecoronariografia eletiva. O diagnóstico foi confirmado por ultrassonografia com Doppler, que evidenciou pseudoaneurisma da artéria radial na face anteromedial do antebraço, medindo 3,7 x 2,5 cm, com colo de 0,7 cm. O tratamento foi feito com curativo compressivo local e nova ultrassonografia com Doppler, realizada 12 horas após, demonstrou resolução do pseudoaneurisma.

The radial approach has lower vascular complication rates for coronary angiography. Radial artery pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication of this procedure. Early diagnosis is essential to avoid complications such as spontaneous rupture, ischemia and compartment syndrome. We describe a case of pseudoaneurysm of the right radial artery after elective coronary angiography. Diagnosis was confirmed by Doppler ultrasound, which revealed a pseudoaneurysm of the radial artery on the anteromedial surface of the forearm, measuring 3.7 x 2.5 cm, with a neck of 0.7 cm. Treatment was done with local compressive dressing and a new Doppler ultrasound, performed 12 hours later, demonstrated resolution of the pseudoaneurysm.

Desfechos tardios da intervenção coronária percutânea com stent farmacológico em pontes de veia safena: dados do Registro InCor / Late percutaneous coronary intervention outcomes with drug-eluting stent in saphenous vein grafts: data from the InCor Registry

Introdução: A segurança e a eficácia do uso de stent farmacológico para o tratamento de lesões em ponte de veia safena (PVS) ainda é motivo de controvérsia. Este estudo avaliou a evolução tardia de pacientes com lesões em PVS tratados com stent farmacológico. Métodos: Registro unicêntrico que incluiu todos os pacientes submetidos a intervenção em PVS com stent farmacológico (n = 82), sem restrições clínicas ou angiográficas, no período de 2003 a 2009. Foram avaliadas as taxas de eventos cardíacos adversos maiores (ECAM), óbito, infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM), revascularização do vaso-alvo (RVA) e trombose de stent. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 67,8 + 10,2 anos, a maioria era do sexo masculino (85,4%), 40,2% eram diabéticos e 52,4% eram portadores de angina estável. Foi utilizado 1,45 + 0,5 stent por paciente, empregando-se ostent CypherTM na maioria (61%) dos casos. O diâmetro dos stents foi de 3,22 + 0,39 mm e o comprimento, de 20,1 +7,3 mm. A taxa de sucesso angiográfico foi de 96,3%. No seguimento de 4,1 anos, a taxa de ECAM foi de 28%, com 6% de óbito, 19,5% de IAM e 18,2% de RVA. Nesse período ocorreram dois casos de trombose de stent definitiva ou provável (2,4%). Conclusões: Os resultados demonstraram, em seguimento muito tardio, altas taxas de ECAM em pacientes com lesões de PVS tratados com stent farmacológico, provavelmente pelo aspecto mais agressivo da doença vascular em enxertos venosos.

Background: The safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stents in the treatment of saphenous vein graft (SVG) lesions remains controversial. This study assessed the late follow-up of patients with SVG lesions treated with drug-eluting stents. Methods: Single center registry including patients undergoingSVG interventions using drug-eluting stents (n = 82), without clinical or angiographic exclusion criteria, from 2003 to 2009. The rates of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), death, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), target vessel revascularization (TVR) and stent thrombosis were evaluated. Results: Mean age was 67.8 + 10.2 years, most of them were male (85.4%), 40.2% were diabetic and 52.4% had stable angina. An average of 1.45 + 0.5 stents per patient were implanted and CypherTM was the stent used in most ofthe cases (61%). Stent diameter was 3.22 + 0.39 mm and stent length was 20.1 + 7.3 mm. Angiographic success rate was 96.3%. In the 4.1-year follow-up, the rate of MACE was 28%, death 6%, AMI 19.5% and TVR 18.2%. Therewere two cases of definitive or probable stent thrombosis (2.4%) within the follow-up period. Conclusions: Longtermfollow-up showed high MACE rates in patients with SVG lesions treated with drug-eluting stents, probably due tothe accelerated atherosclerosis that develops within the grafted vein conduits.

Infarto agudo do miocárdio complicado por choque cardiogênico: efeito da circulação colateral nos resultados da intervenção coronária percutânea primária: dados do Registro InCor / Acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: effect of collateral circulation in primary coronary intervention results: data from the InCor Registry

Introdução: A presença de circulação colateral no contexto do infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) pode exercer um fator de proteção, levando a menor área de infarto e melhor função ventricular. Este trabalho procurou examinar as características clínicas dos pacientes com diferentes graus de circulação colateral e a influência desta na evolução do IAM com supra desnivelamento de segmento ST (IAMCSST) complicado com choque cardiogênico à admissão hospitalar e tratados com intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) primária. Métodos: Registro unicêntrico que realizou seguimento prospectivo no período de 2001 a 2009, incluindo105 pacientes divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com o grau de circulação colateral: grupo 1, circulação colateral graus 0/1 (n = 83); e grupo 2, circulação colateral graus 2/3 (n = 22). As características clínicas e angiográficas e os desfechos hospitalares foram comparados entre os grupos. Resultados: Ambos os grupos foram semelhantes em relação às características clínicas, exceto pela menor média de idade (65,9 anos vs. 57,8 anos; P = 0,015) e maior tendência ao tabagismo atual no grupo com colateral graus 2/3 (15,7% vs. 31,8%; P = 0,08). Quanto às características angiográficas, nos indivíduos com colateral graus 2/3 houve maior frequência de lesões/paciente (1,3 lesão vs. 1,8 lesão; P = 0,02) e maior acometimento de bifurcação coronária (18,5% vs. 36,4%; P = 0,03). Na evolução intra-hospitalar ficou evidenciada menor mortalidade nos pacientes com circulação colateral exuberante (49,4% vs. 27,3%, risco relativo de 0,55; P = 0,05). Conclusões: Em pacientes com IAMCSST e choque cardiogênico tratados com ICP primária a presença de circulação colateral pode favorecer um melhor prognóstico na evolução intra-hospitalar.

Background: The presence of collateral circulation in the context of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may play aprotective role, leading to smaller infarction areas and improvedventricular function. This study was aimed at assessing the clinical characteristics of patients with different degrees of collateral circulation and the effect on outcomes of ST segment elevation AMI (STEMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock at hospital admission and treated by primary percutaneouscoronary intervention (PCI). Methods: Single center registry with a prospective follow-up from 2001 to 2009, including 105 patients divided into two groups, according to the degree of collateral circulation: Group 1, collateral circulationgrades 0/1 (n = 83); and Group 2, collateral circulation grades 2/3 (n = 22). Clinical and angiographic characteristics and hospital outcomes were compared between groups. Results: The clinical characteristics of both groups were similar, except for a lower mean age (65.9 years vs. 57.8years; P = 0.015) and a trend to current smoking in the grade 2/3 group (15.7% vs. 31.8%; P = 0.08). As to angiographiccharacteristics, individuals with grades 2/3 had a higher rate of lesions per patient (1.3 vs. 1.8; P = 0.02) and more bifurcation lesions (18.5% vs. 36.4%; P = 0.03). In-hospital outcomes showed lower mortality in patients with good collateral circulation (49.4% vs. 27.3%, relative risk 0.55; P = 0.05). Conclusions: In patients with STEMI and cardiogenic shock treated by primary PCI, the presence of collateral circulationmay improve in-hospital prognosis.

Stents convencionais de aço inoxidável vs. cromo-cobalto: imapcto clínico da liga metálica no cenário atual - registro InCor / Stainless steel versus cobalt-chromium bare metal stents: clinical impact of the metal alloy in a real world scenario – InCor registry

Introdução: Há alguns anos estudos demonstraram que stents de cromo-cobalto, com hastes mais finas, reduziram de forma expressiva a reestenose coronária, comparativamente aos stents convencionais de aço inoxidável disponíveis na época. Desde então, stents com hastes < 100 µm e diferentes ligas metálicas estão disponíveis para uso clínico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a existência de diferenças nos resultados clínicos de pacientes submetidos a intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) com stents de hastes finas e diferentes ligas metálicas. Métodos: Registro unicêntrico, em que foram comparados os resultados de pacientes submetidos a ICP com stent de aço inoxidável (n = 135) vs. stent de cromo-cobalto (n = 181). O desfecho primário foi a ocorrência de eventos cardíacos adversos maiores (ECAM), definidos pela ocorrência de óbito, infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) ou revascularização do vaso-alvo (RVA) no seguimento tardio. Resultados: A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 64 ± 11 anos, com 32,6% de diabéticos e 65,5% com síndrome coronária aguda à admissão, sem diferenças na maioria das características clínicas e angiográficas avaliadas entre os grupos. Na comparação das características do procedimento, a estratégia de implante direto do stent foi mais frequente no grupo cromo-cobalto (30,3% vs. 40,2%; P = 0,04). Ao final de mediana de 500 dias de seguimento, não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos para a ocorrência de ECAM (15,5% vs. 16,5%; P = 0,6), óbito (4,6% vs. 6,8%; P = 0,29), IAM (2,7% vs. 4,1%; P = 0,41) ou RVA (10,4% vs. 10,1%; P = 0,97). Conclusões: Nessa população do mundo real os stents de cromo-cobalto apresentaram eficácia e segurança semelhantes às dos stents de aço inoxidável, porém com menor necessidade de instrumentação coronária.

Background: Years ago studies demonstrated that the use of cobalt-chromium stents with thinner struts significantly reduced coronary restenosis when compared to conventional stainless steel stents available at the time. Since then, stents with struts < 100 μm and different metal alloys are available for clinicaluse. The objective of this study was to assess differences in the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with thin strut stents and differentmetal alloys. Methods: Single center registry comparing the results of patients undergoing PCI with stainless steel stents (n = 135) vs. cobalt-chromium bare metal stents (n = 181).The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined by death, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or target vessel revascularization (TVR) in thelate follow-up. Results: Mean patient age was 64 ± 11 years, 32.6% were diabetic and 65.5% had acute coronary syndrome at admission, with no differences for most of the clinical andangiographic characteristics assessed between groups. The use of direct stenting was more frequent in the cobalt-chromium group (30.3% vs. 40.2%; P = 0.04). After a median of500 days of follow up, there was no statistically significant difference between groups for the occurrence of MACE (15.5% vs. 16.5%; P = 0.6), death (4.6% vs. 6.8%; P = 0.29),AMI (2.7% vs. 4.1%; P = 0.41) or TVR (10.4% vs. 10.1%; P = 0.97). Conclusions: In this real world population, cobaltchromiumstents had similar efficacy and safety when compared to stainless steel stents, but with less coronary instrumentation.

Permanent pacemaker implantation in a pregnant woman with rheumatic mitral valve disease.

We describe a rare case of permanent pacemaker implantation in a pregnant woman with rheumatic mitral valve disease previously undergoing percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty. She presented symptomatic advanced atrioventricular block of non-reversible cause and manifest in the third trimester of gestation.

Implante de marcapasso definitivo em gestante portadora de valvopatia mitral reumática / Permanent pacemaker implantation in a pregnant woman with rheumatic mitral valve disease / Implante de marcapaso definitivo en gestante portadora de valvulopatía mitral reumática

Descrevemos um caso raro de implante de marcapasso definitivo em gestante, portadora de valvopatia mitral reumática, previamente submetida à valvoplastia percutânea por cateter-balão. A paciente apresentava bloqueio atrioventricular de grau avançado, de causa não-reversível, sintomático e manifesto no 3º trimestre da gestação.

We describe a rare case of permanent pacemaker implantation in a pregnant woman with rheumatic mitral valve disease previously undergoing percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty. She presented symptomatic advanced atrioventricular block of non-reversible cause and manifest in the third trimester of gestation.

Describimos un caso raro de implante de marcapaso definitivo en gestante, portadora de valvulopatía mitral reumática, previamente sometida a valvuloplastia percutánea por catéter balón La paciente presentaba bloqueo atrioventricular en grado avanzado, de causa irreversible, sintomático y manifiesto en el 3º trimestre de gestación.