RESUMO
Resumen La neumonía sigue siendo una de las principales causas de consulta y de hospitalización a la que, además de su un alto impacto en términos de morbilidad y mortalidad, se suma la actual problemática de resistencia a los antimicrobianos, por lo que establecer directrices que permitan su adecuado diagnóstico y tratamiento es de gran importancia para obtener mejores desenlaces clínicos y promover un uso racional de antibióticos en estos pacientes. La presente guía de práctica clínica (GPC) contiene recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en adultos, las cuales fueron realizadas mediante el proceso de adaptación de GPC basadas en la evidencia para el contexto colombiano.
Abstract Pneumonia continues to be one of the main causes of consultation and hospitalization to which, besides its high impact on morbidity and mortality, the current problem of antimicrobial resistance is added; thus, establishing guidelines that allow its adequate diagnosis and treatment is of great importance to obtain better clinical outcomes and promote a rational use of antibiotics in these patients. This clinical practice guideline (CPG) contains evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in adult population; these recommendations were made by means of the process of adaptation of evidence-based CPGs for the Colombian context.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Bacterial resistance is a public health problem worldwide whose proper management requires knowledge of its presence and its behavior in each region and country. OBJECTIVES: A survey of the medical literature was conducted to identify levels of resistance to antibiotic markers in Gram positive bacterial isolates from Colombian hospitals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review of the literature included articles indexed in MEDLINE and LILACS. A manual search was made of Colombian scientific journals and other infectious disease literature not available electronically. RESULTS: A total of 34 observational studies were located, including a series of consecutive reports initiated in 2001. Most of the reports came from the city of Bogota. The rate of methicillin resistance for Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci in non intensive care unit isolates ranged between 35%-50% and 72%-76%, respectively. Resistance in intensive care unit isolates had a range between 35%-71% and 74%-83%, respectively. The rate of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium averaged less than 20% over the years but with large annual variation . CONCLUSIONS: Resistance markers appeared in high frequency among Gram positive isolates identified in hospitals in major Colombian cities.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Cocos Gram-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Cocos Gram-Positivos/fisiologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Colômbia , Bases de Dados Factuais , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/tratamento farmacológico , Cocos Gram-Positivos/isolamento & purificação , Hospitais , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
Introducción. La resistencia bacteriana es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, cuyo adecuado manejo implica el conocimiento de su presencia y comportamiento en cada uno de los países y regiones del mundo.Objetivos. Describir el perfil de resistencia a los distintos antimicrobianos marcadores en microorganismos Gram positivos identificados en hospitales colombianos.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura indexada en Medline y Lilacs, además de la búsqueda manual de todos los números en revistas colombianas reconocidas y afines a la infectología para identificar referencias no disponibles electrónicamente.Resultados. De 34 estudios observacionales, sólo se cuenta con reportes consecutivos en años a partir del 2001, estos principalmente para Bogotá. La tasa de resistencia a la meticilina de Staphylococcus aureus y estafilococos coagulasa negativos en Bogotá, de aislamientos en servicios diferentes a la unidad de cuidados intensivos, oscilan de 35 % a 50 % y de 72 % a 76 %, respectivamente; en aislamientos de la unidad de cuidados intensivos, la resistencia osciló de 35 % a 71 % y de 74 % a 83 %, respectivamente. La tasa de resistencia a vancomicina para Enterococcus faecium en Bogotá es menor de 20 % con variaciones muy grandes con el paso de los años. Conclusiones. Hay una alta resistencia a los antibióticos marcadores en los aislamientos de Gram positivos identificados en hospitales de las principales ciudades colombianas.
Introduction. Bacterial resistance is a public health problem worldwide whose proper management requires knowledge of its presence and its behavior in each region and country. Objectives. A survey of the medical literature was conducted to identify levels of resistance to antibiotic markers in Gram positive bacterial isolates from Colombian hospitals. Materials and methods. A systematic review of the literature included articles indexed in MEDLINE and LILACS. A manual search was made of Colombian scientific journals and other infectious disease literature not available electronically. Results. A total of 34 observational studies were located, including a series of consecutive reports initiated in 2001. Most of the reports came from the city of Bogota. The rate of methicillin resistance for Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci in non intensive care unit isolates ranged between 35%-50% and 72%-76%, respectively. Resistance in intensive care unit isolates had a range between 35%-71% and 74%-83%, respectively. The rate of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium averaged less than 20% over the years but with large annual variation . Conclusions. Resistance markers appeared in high frequency among Gram positive isolates identified in hospitals in major Colombian cities.