Multiple tuberculomas in an immunocompetent patient and their diagnostic challenge in a high prevalence country: Case report and literature review.

CONTEXT: Intracranial tuberculomas are rare yet lethal forms of tuberculosis. Diagnosis is often difficult because of its nonspecific symptoms and radiological findings. AIM: This study aims to perform a literature review of multiple tuberculomas to improve disease recognition and management in immunocompetent patients along with presenting a case report on the topic. DATA SOURCES: Scopus, LILACS, Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE. STUDY SELECTION: Case reports and case series up to December 2018 in English, Spanish, and Portuguese focusing on intracranial tuberculomas in adult and pediatric immunocompetent patients. Data on presentation, diagnostic workup, and treatment was analyzed. DATA EXTRACTION: Cochrane Collaboration/Cochrane Handbook and PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS: Twenty reports involving 21 patients were included. Most patients were male (57.14%). The average age at diagnosis was 26.9 ± 14.9 years. Headache was the most common presenting symptom (52.4%; 11/21), followed by motor weakness (47.6%; 10/21) and vomiting (23.8%; 5/21). MRI was the most used image technique (17/21). Most lesions occurring in the cerebral hemispheres (16/21); we found five or more lesions in 66.6% (14/21) of the patients. The majority treated with anti-tuberculous drugs resulted in a favorable outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Immunocompetent patients living in TB endemic areas whose clinical evaluation and neuroimaging findings are compatible with tuberculoma should undergo anti-tubercular treatment despite a lack of bacteriological confirmation.

Sarcoma fibromixoide intracraneal primario de bajo grado: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Low-grade fibro-myxoid sarcoma of intracranial origin: A case report and literature review

Resumen El sarcoma fibromixoide de bajo grado (LGFMS) es un tumor de tejidos blandos de origen mesenquimal. Los sarcomas son un grupo heterogéneo, que representa el 1% de todas las neoplasias. Los sarcomas primarios del sistema nervioso central (SNC) son raros y representan solo el 0,7% del total de sarcomas, con una incidencia estimada de 3 por cada 10 millones de personas por año. En este artículo, se describe el caso de una mujer de 59 años que presentó un sarcoma fibromixoide intracraneal de bajo grado, localizado en la región parietal derecha. Se discute el curso clínico, estudios de imágenes, características histopatológicas y tratamiento de este diagnóstico infrecuente y, por lo mismo, muy poco reportado. El diagnóstico definitivo se obtiene, ciertamente, mediante estudios histo-patológicos.

Summary Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a soft tissue tumor of mesenchymal origin. Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group, representing 1% of all neoplasm diagnoses. Primary sarcomas of the central nervous system (CNS) are rare, and represent only 0.7% of all sarcomas, with an estimated incidence of 3 per 10 million people per year. The case of a 59-year-old woman who developed a low-grade intracranial fibromyxoid sarcoma in the right parietal region, is described. The clinical course, imaging studies, histopathological features, and treatment approach of this unusual diagnosis, are discussed. Low-grade intracranial fibromyxoid sarcoma is a rare and probably under- reported condition. The definitive diagnosis is usually made through histo-pathological studies.

Arteria trigeminal persistente: reporte de tres casos / Persistent trigeminal artery: three case reports

La persistencia de la arteria trigeminal es una alteración vascular infrecuente y representa la permanencia, después del nacimiento, de la comunicación entre el sistema carotideo y el sistema vertebro-basilar. Esta persistencia se ha asociado a la existencia de otras alteraciones de la morfología vascular cerebral y a condiciones clínicas variadas. Reportamos tres casos de persistencia de la arteria trigeminal, dos como hallazgo incidental en pacientes con sintomatología transitoria y uno en un cuadro de hemorragia subaracnoidea, identificados mediante reconstrucción tridimensional de imágenes obtenidas por angiotomografía.

Persistent trigeminal artery is a rare vascular disorder and represents the permanence of the communication between the carotid system and vertebrobasilar system after birth. This persistence has been associated with the existence of other alterations of brain vascular morphology and different clinical conditions. We report three cases of persistent trigeminal artery, two incidental findings in patients with transient symptoms and one in a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage, identified by three-dimensional reconstruction of images obtained by angiotomography.