The effect of surface on knee landing mechanics and muscle activity during a single-leg landing task in recreationally active females.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the effect of surface on frontal plane knee angle, knee moment and muscle activity. DESIGN: Randomised cross over. SETTING: University Laboratory. METHODS: Twenty females performed single-leg hop-landings onto sand, grass and firm surfaces. Kinematic, kinetic and muscle activity data were obtained. Compatibility curves were used to visualise parameter estimates alongside P- values, and S-value transforms. RESULTS: Knee angle for firm-sand (mean difference (d)‾ = -2.2°; 95% compatibility interval (CI): -4.6 to 0.28, p = 0.083, s = 3.6) and firm-grass (d‾ = -1.9; 95% CI: -4.3 to 0.5, p = 0.125, S = 3) yielded <4 bits of reputational information against the null hypothesis (H). 5 bits (p = 0.025) of information against H were observed for knee moment between firm-sand (d‾ = 0.17 N m/kg-1. m-1; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.31) with similar effects for firm-grass (d‾ = 0.14 N m/kg-1. m-1; 95% CI: -0.02 to 0.29, p = 0.055, S = 4). Muscle activity across surfaces ranged from almost no (S = 1) reputational evidence against H (Quadriceps and Hamstrings) to 10-13 'bits' against H for lateral gastrocnemius (lower on sand). CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides valuable information for practitioners of the observed effect sizes for lower-limb landing mechanics across surfaces in asymptomatic females.

High HTLV-1 Proviral Load Predates and Predicts HTLV-1-Associated Disease: Literature Review and the London Experience.

Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that infects lymphocytes and causes severe diseases. HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL), i.e., the number of host cells that carry HTLV-1 proviral DNA integrated into their genome, can be measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In this narrative review, we discuss the usefulness of HTLV-1 PVL quantification and share our experience acquired during more than 30 years of follow-up of people living with HTLV-1 in the UK. Patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy have higher PVL than those with asymptomatic infection. This is consistent across studies in different countries. High PVL predates symptom onset for both inflammatory and proliferative diseases. High PVL is essential but not sufficient for the development of HTLV-1-associated diseases. Therefore, PVL quantification can be used to support the care of people living with HTLV-1 by identifying those most at risk of HTLV-1-associated diseases.

The Acceptability of Relationship-Centered Communication Partner Training for Couples Impacted by Aphasia: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Investigation.

PURPOSE: This study explored the acceptability and impact of relationship-centered communication partner training (RC-CPT) in couples impacted by aphasia. In particular, couples considered whether discussing their relationship roles and responsibilities was important and relevant to the changes they desire. Preliminary quasi-experimental data regarding perceived communication confidence and the marriage relationship were also obtained. METHOD: Three couples participated in RC-CPT across two sessions. Surveys were used to measure communication confidence and the marital relationship before and after participation in RC-CPT. The quantitative findings were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Couples also participated in a semistructured interview about the acceptability of RC-CPT during a third session. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using reflexive codebook analysis. RESULTS: Quantitative data indicated that participants generally maintained or improved self-rated accessibility, responsiveness, engagement, conflict resolution, and communication within their marriage after participating in RC-CPT. Additionally, individuals with aphasia demonstrated enhanced communication confidence scores. Qualitative analysis revealed three themes: (a) Impact on Communication, (b) Impact on Relationship, and (c) Impact on Psychosocial Well-Being. Feedback from participants regarding future development was also included. CONCLUSIONS: The convergence of quantitative and qualitative data supports the conclusion that couples experienced positive changes in their communication, relationship, and psychosocial well-being during the intervention, suggesting that RC-CPT has the potential to positively impact both communicative and psychosocial effects of aphasia on couples. Moreover, this study highlights the promise of RC-CPT as a relationship-centered counseling tool, warranting further exploratory and experimental research. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25937383.

Unilateral hindlimb ischaemia-induced systemic inflammation is associated with non-ischaemic skeletal muscle inflammation.

Skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction commonly accompany cardiovascular diseases such as peripheral arterial disease and may be partially attributable to systemic inflammation. We sought to determine whether acute systemic inflammation in a model of hindlimb ischaemia (HLI) could affect skeletal muscle macrophage infiltration, fibre size, or capillarization, independent of the ischaemia. Eight-week-old C57BL/6 male mice underwent either Sham or HLI surgery, and were killed 1, 3, or 7 days post-surgery. Circulating inflammatory cytokine concentrations were measured, as well as immune cell infiltration and morphology of skeletal muscle from both limbs of HLI and Sham mice. In HLI compared with Sham mice at day 1, plasma interleukin-1ß levels were 216% higher (0.48 ± 0.10 vs. 0.15 ± 0.01 pg/µL, P = 0.005) and decreased by day 3. This was followed by increased macrophage presence in muscle from both ischaemic and non-ischaemic limbs of HLI mice by day 7 (7.3- and 2.3-fold greater than Sham, respectively, P < 0.0001). In HLI mice, muscle from the ischaemic limb had 21% lower fibre cross-sectional area than the non-ischaemic limb (724 ± 28 vs. 916 ± 46 µm2, P = 0.01), but the non-ischaemic limb of HLI mice was no different from Sham. This shows that HLI induces acute systemic inflammation accompanied by immune infiltration in both ischaemic and remote skeletal muscle; however, this did not induce skeletal muscle atrophy in remote muscle within the 7-day time course of this study. This effect of local skeletal muscle ischaemia on the inflammatory status of remote skeletal muscle may signal a priming of muscle for subsequent atrophy over a longer time course. HIGHLIGHTS: What is the central question of this study? Does hindlimb ischaemia-induced inflammation cause acute immune, inflammatory and morphological alterations in remote non-ischaemic skeletal muscle? What is the main finding and its importance? Hindlimb ischaemia induced systemic inflammation with subsequent neutrophil and macrophage infiltration in both ischaemic and non-ischaemic skeletal muscle; however, morphological changes did not occur in non-ischaemic muscle within 7 days. These immune alterations may have functional implications that take longer than 7 days to manifest, and subsequent or prolonged systemic inflammation and immune infiltration of muscle could lead to morphological changes and functional decline.

Investigation of inherited noncoding genetic variation impacting the pharmacogenomics of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment.

Defining genetic factors impacting chemotherapy failure can help to better predict response and identify drug resistance mechanisms. However, there is limited understanding of the contribution of inherited noncoding genetic variation on inter-individual differences in chemotherapy response in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Here we map inherited noncoding variants associated with treatment outcome and/or chemotherapeutic drug resistance to ALL cis-regulatory elements and investigate their gene regulatory potential and target gene connectivity using massively parallel reporter assays and three-dimensional chromatin looping assays, respectively. We identify 54 variants with transcriptional effects and high-confidence gene connectivity. Additionally, functional interrogation of the top variant, rs1247117, reveals changes in chromatin accessibility, PU.1 binding affinity and gene expression, and deletion of the genomic interval containing rs1247117 sensitizes cells to vincristine. Together, these data demonstrate that noncoding regulatory variants associated with diverse pharmacological traits harbor significant effects on allele-specific transcriptional activity and impact sensitivity to antileukemic agents.

Efficacy and Safety of Catheter Interventions for Postoperative Urinary Retention After Primary Hip and Knee Total Joint Arthroplasty.

INTRODUCTION: Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is a common barrier to rapid-discharge hip and knee total joint arthroplasty (TJA). We evaluated the efficacy and safety of catheterization intervention methods for POUR before and after discharge. METHODS: A total of 1,659 primary TJAs were retrospectively reviewed. POUR resolutions before and after discharge were evaluated relative to catheterization type and other covariates. Complications before and within 90 days of discharge were quantified. A total of 113 POUR cases comprised the analysis sample of 76 hips and 37 knees in 51 women and 62 men with an average age and body mass index of 68.6 (range 22 to 92) years and 31.7 (range 16 to 49) kg/m2. RESULTS: POUR resolved before discharge for 82.3% (93/113) of patients, with equivalent resolution rates for intermittent catheterization alone (84.2%, 32/38) compared with indwelling catheterization with or without intermittent catheterization (82.6%, 57/69, P < 0.999), equivalent time to resolution (P = 0.319), and no difference in complication rates (P = 0.999). Complication rates within 90 days of discharge were higher for patients treated with indwelling catheters before discharge (P = 0.049). Resolution before discharge was more likely with increasing body mass index (P = 0.026) and less likely for patients with a history of urinary retention (P = 0.033). 60 percent (12/20) of patients with unresolved POUR were discharged with self-intermittent catheterization and 40% (8/20) with indwelling catheters, with no differences in efficacy and safety based on the catheterization type (P = 0.109). DISCUSSION: Before discharge, we observed equivalent resolution rates and equivalent time to resolution for indwelling and intermittent catheterization alone without compromising patient safety. Intermittent catheterization is favored, however, because in situ catheter exposure is dramatically reduced and postdischarge complication rates are lower. Additional research is needed to develop evidence-based POUR guidelines for outpatient TJA.

Ligand Effects on the Spin Relaxation Dynamics and Coherent Manipulation of Organometallic La(II) Potential Qudits.

We present pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies on three La(II) complexes, [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][La(Cp')3] (1), [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][La(Cp″)3] (2), and [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][La(Cptt)3] (3), which feature cyclopentadienyl derivatives as ligands [Cp' = C5H4SiMe3; Cp″ = C5H3(SiMe3)2; Cptt = C5H3(CMe3)2] and display a C3 symmetry. Long spin-lattice relaxation (T1) and phase memory (Tm) times are observed for all three compounds, but with significant variation in T1 among 1-3, with 3 being the slowest relaxing due to higher s-character of the SOMO. The dephasing times can be extended by more than an order of magnitude via dynamical decoupling experiments using a Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) sequence, reaching 161 µs (5 K) for 3. Coherent spin manipulation is performed by the observation of Rabi quantum oscillations up to 80 K in this nuclear spin-rich environment (1H, 13C, and 29Si). The high nuclear spin of 139La (I = 7/2), and the ability to coherently manipulate all eight hyperfine transitions, makes these molecules promising candidates for application as qudits (multilevel quantum systems featuring d quantum states; d >2) for performing quantum operations within a single molecule. Application of HYSCORE techniques allows us to quantify the electron spin density at ligand nuclei and interrogate the role of functional groups to the electron spin relaxation properties.

Randomised experimental evaluation of a social media campaign to promote COVID-19 vaccination in Nigeria.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged public health and behaviour change programmes, and has led to the development of innovative interventions and research. In low -and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Nigeria, new strategies to promote vaccination, increase pro-vaccination social norms, and reduce vaccine hesitancy have been deployed through social media campaigns and evaluated using digital media platforms. Methods: We conducted two randomised experimental evaluations of social media content designed to promote COVID-19 vaccination and to complement research on a nationwide vaccination promotion campaign in Nigeria run in 2022. We conducted two studies in March and August 2022 among Nigerians drawn from 31 states that had not been targeted in the aforementioned nationwide campaign. We randomised the participants to either receive the pro-vaccination social media campaign or not and collected data at pre- and post-test time points to evaluate psychosocial predictors of vaccination and vaccination outcomes following the Theory of Change based on Diffusion of Innovations; the Social Norms Theory, and the Motivation, Opportunity, Ability (MOA) framework. Data were collected through a novel intervention delivery and data collection platform through social media. Results: We found that pro-vaccination social norms and vaccination rates increased, while vaccine hesitancy decreased among participants randomised to the social media intervention study arm. Conclusions: Social media campaigns are a promising approach to increasing vaccination at scale in LMICs, while social norms are an important factor in promoting vaccination, which is consistent with the Social Norms Theory. This study demonstrates the capability and potential of new social media-based data collection techniques. We describe implications for future vaccination campaigns and identify future research priorities in this area. Registration: Pan African Clinical Trial Registry: PACTR202310811597445.

Precision Medicine-Are We There Yet? A Narrative Review of Precision Medicine's Applicability in Primary Care.

Precision medicine (PM), also termed stratified, individualised, targeted, or personalised medicine, embraces a rapidly expanding area of research, knowledge, and practice. It brings together two emerging health technologies to deliver better individualised care: the many "-omics" arising from increased capacity to understand the human genome and "big data" and data analytics, including artificial intelligence (AI). PM has the potential to transform an individual's health, moving from population-based disease prevention to more personalised management. There is however a tension between the two, with a real risk that this will exacerbate health inequalities and divert funds and attention from basic healthcare requirements leading to worse health outcomes for many. All areas of medicine should consider how this will affect their practice, with PM now strongly encouraged and supported by government initiatives and research funding. In this review, we discuss examples of PM in current practice and its emerging applications in primary care, such as clinical prediction tools that incorporate genomic markers and pharmacogenomic testing. We look towards potential future applications and consider some key questions for PM, including evidence of its real-world impact, its affordability, the risk of exacerbating health inequalities, and the computational and storage challenges of applying PM technologies at scale.

LSD increases sleep duration the night after microdosing.

Microdosing psychedelic drugs at a level below the threshold to induce hallucinations is an increasingly common lifestyle practice. However, the effects of microdosing on sleep have not been previously reported. Here, we report results from a Phase 1 randomized controlled trial in which 80 healthy adult male volunteers received a 6-week course of either LSD (10 µg) or placebo with doses self-administered every third day. Participants used a commercially available sleep/activity tracker for the duration of the trial. Data from 3231 nights of sleep showed that on the night after microdosing, participants in the LSD group slept an extra 24.3 min per night (95% Confidence Interval 10.3-38.3 min) compared to placebo-with no reductions of sleep observed on the dosing day itself. There were no changes in the proportion of time spent in various sleep stages or in participant physical activity. These results show a clear modification of the physiological sleep requirements in healthy male volunteers who microdose LSD. The clear, clinically significant changes in objective measurements of sleep observed are difficult to explain as a placebo effect. Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of repeated microdoses of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in healthy volunteers; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=381476 ; ACTRN12621000436875.

Single-cell systems pharmacology identifies development-driven drug response and combination therapy in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Leukemia can arise at various stages of the hematopoietic differentiation hierarchy, but the impact of developmental arrest on drug sensitivity is unclear. Applying network-based analyses to single-cell transcriptomes of human B cells, we define genome-wide signaling circuitry for each B cell differentiation stage. Using this reference, we comprehensively map the developmental states of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), revealing its strong correlation with sensitivity to asparaginase, a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent. Single-cell multi-omics analyses of primary B-ALL blasts reveal marked intra-leukemia heterogeneity in asparaginase response: resistance is linked to pre-pro-B-like cells, with sensitivity associated with the pro-B-like population. By targeting BCL2, a driver within the pre-pro-B-like cell signaling network, we find that venetoclax significantly potentiates asparaginase efficacy in vitro and in vivo. These findings demonstrate a single-cell systems pharmacology framework to predict effective combination therapies based on intra-leukemia heterogeneity in developmental state, with potentially broad applications beyond B-ALL.

Risk-based lung cancer screening performance in a universal healthcare setting.

Globally, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. Previous trials demonstrated that low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screening of high-risk individuals can reduce lung cancer mortality by 20% or more. Lung cancer screening has been approved by major guidelines in the United States, and over 4,000 sites offer screening. Adoption of lung screening outside the United States has, until recently, been slow. Between June 2017 and May 2019, the Ontario Lung Cancer Screening Pilot successfully recruited 7,768 individuals at high risk identified by using the PLCOm2012noRace lung cancer risk prediction model. In total, 4,451 participants were successfully screened, retained and provided with high-quality follow-up, including appropriate treatment. In the Ontario Lung Cancer Screening Pilot, the lung cancer detection rate and the proportion of early-stage cancers were 2.4% and 79.2%, respectively; serious harms were infrequent; and sensitivity to detect lung cancers was 95.3% or more. With abnormal scans defined as ones leading to diagnostic investigation, specificity was 95.5% (positive predictive value, 35.1%), and adherence to annual recall and early surveillance scans and clinical investigations were high (>85%). The Ontario Lung Cancer Screening Pilot provides insights into how a risk-based organized lung screening program can be implemented in a large, diverse, populous geographic area within a universal healthcare system.

Exploring sulfur donor atom coordination chemistry with La(II), Nd(II), and Tm(II) using a terphenylthiolate ligand.

To expand the range of donor atoms known to stabilize 4fn5d1 Ln(II) rare-earth metal (Ln) ions beyond the C, N, and O first row main group donor atoms, the Ln(III) sulfur donor terphenylthiolate iodide complexes, LnIII(SAriPr6)2I (AriPr6 = C6H3-2,6-(C6H2-2,4,6-iPr3)2, Ln = La, Nd) were reduced to form LnII(SAriPr6)2 complexes. These Ln(II) species were structurally characterized, analyzed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and compared to Tm(SAriPr6)2, which was synthesized from TmI2(DME)3.

A protocol for remote collection of skeletal muscle mass via D3-creatine dilution in community-dwelling postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative.

BACKGROUND: There is emerging evidence that cancer and its treatments may accelerate the normal aging process, increasing the magnitude and rate of decline in functional capacity. This accelerated aging process is hypothesized to hasten the occurrence of common adverse age-related outcomes in cancer survivors, including loss of muscle mass and decrease in physical function. However, there is no data describing age-related loss of muscle mass and its relation to physical function in the long-term in cancer survivors. METHODS: This study protocol describes the use of a novel method of muscle mass measurement, D3-creatine dilution method (D3Cr), in a large sample (n~6000) of community dwelling postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). D3Cr will be used to obtain a direct measure of muscle mass remotely. Participants will be drawn from two sub-cohorts embedded within the WHI that have recently completed an in-home visit. Cancer survivors will be drawn from the Life and Longevity After Cancer (LILAC) cohort, and cancer-free controls will be drawn from the WHI Long Life Study 2. The overall objective of this study is to examine the antecedents and consequences of low muscle mass in cancer survivors. The study aims are to: 1) create age-standardized muscle mass percentile curves and z-scores to characterize the distribution of D3- muscle mass in cancer survivors and non-cancer controls, 2) compare muscle mass, physical function, and functional decline in cancer survivors and non- cancer controls, and 3) use machine learning approaches to generate multivariate risk-prediction algorithms to detect low muscle mass. DISCUSSION: The D3Cr method will transform our ability to measure muscle mass in large-scale epidemiologic research. This study is an opportunity to advance our understanding of a key source of morbidity among older and long-term female cancer survivors. This project will fill knowledge gaps, including the antecedents and consequences of low muscle mass, and use innovative methods to overcome common sources of bias in cancer research. The results of this study will be used to develop interventions to mitigate the harmful effects of low muscle mass in older adults and promote healthy survivorship in cancer survivors in the old (>65) and oldest-old (>85) age groups.

Effects of a Social Media Intervention on Vaping Intentions: Randomized Dose-Response Experiment.

BACKGROUND: e-Cigarette use, especially by young adults, is at unacceptably high levels and represents a public health risk factor. Digital media are increasingly being used to deliver antivaping campaigns, but little is known about their effectiveness or the dose-response effects of content delivery. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to evaluate (1) the effectiveness of a 60-day antivaping social media intervention in changing vaping use intentions and beliefs related to the stimulus content and (2) the dose-response effects of varying levels of exposure to the intervention on vaping outcomes, including anti-industry beliefs, vaping intentions, and other attitudes and beliefs related to vaping. METHODS: Participants were adults aged 18 to 24 years in the United States. They were recruited into the study through Facebook (Meta Platforms) and Instagram (Meta Platforms), completed a baseline survey, and then randomized to 1 of the 5 conditions: 0 (control), 4, 8, 16, and 32 exposures over a 15-day period between each survey wave. Follow-up data were collected 30 and 60 days after randomization. We conducted stratified analyses of the full sample and in subsamples defined by the baseline vaping status (never, former, and current). Stimulus was delivered through Facebook and Instagram in four 15-second social media videos focused on anti-industry beliefs about vaping. The main outcome measures reported in this study were self-reported exposure to social media intervention content, attitudes and beliefs about vaping, and vaping intentions. We estimated a series of multivariate linear regressions in Stata 17 (StataCorp). To capture the dose-response effect, we assigned each study arm a numerical value corresponding to the number of advertisements (exposures) delivered to participants in each arm and used this number as our focal independent variable. In each model, the predictor was the treatment arm to which each participant was assigned. RESULTS: The baseline sample consisted of 1491 participants, and the final analysis sample consisted of 57.28% (854/1491) of the participants retained at the 60-day follow-up. We compared the retained participants with those lost to follow-up and found no statistically significant differences across demographic variables. We found a significant effect of the social media treatment on vaping intentions (ß=-0.138, 95% CI -0.266 to -0.010; P=.04) and anti-industry beliefs (ß=-0.122, 95% CI 0.008-0.237; P=.04) targeted by the intervention content among current vapers but not among the full sample or other strata. We found no significant effects of self-reported exposure to the stimulus. CONCLUSIONS: Social media interventions are a promising approach to preventing vaping among young adults. More research is needed on how to optimize the dosage of such interventions and the extent to which long-term exposure may affect vaping use over time. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04867668; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04867668.

Investigating Steric and Electronic Effects in the Synthesis of Square Planar 6d1 Th(III) Complexes.

The factors affecting the formation and crystal structures of unusual 6d1 Th(III) square planar aryloxide complexes, as exemplified by [Th(OArMe)4]1- (OArMe = OC6H2tBu2-2,6-Me-4), were explored by synthetic and reduction studies of a series of related Th(IV) tetrakis(aryloxide) complexes, Th(OArR)4 (OArR = OC6H2tBu2-2,6-R-4). Specifically, electronic, steric, and countercation effects were explored by varying the aryloxide ligand, the alkali metal reducing agent, and the alkali metal chelating agent. Salt metathesis reactions between ThBr4(DME)2 (DME = 1,2-dimethoxyethane) and 4 equiv of the appropriate potassium aryloxide salt were used to prepare a series of Th(IV) aryloxide complexes in high yields: Th(OArH)4 (OArH = OC6H3tBu2-2,6), Th(OArtBu)4 (OArtBu = OC6H2tBu3-2,4,6), Th(OArOMe)4 (OArOMe = OC6H2tBu2-2,6-OMe-4), and Th(OArPh)4 (OArPh = OC6H2tBu2-2,6-Ph-4). Th(OArH)4 can be reduced by KC8, Na, or Li in the absence or presence of 2.2.2-cryptand (crypt) or 18-crown-6 (crown) to form dark purple solutions that have EPR and UV-visible spectra similar to those of the square planar Th(III) complex, [Th(OArMe)4]1-. Hence, the para position of the aryloxide ligand does not have to be alkylated to obtain the Th(III) complexes. Furthermore, reduction of Th(OArOMe)4, Th(OArtBu)4, and Th(OArPh)4 with KC8 in THF generated purple solutions with EPR and UV-visible spectra that are similar to those of the previously reported Th(III) anion, [Th(OArMe)4]1-. Although many of these reduction reactions did not produce single crystals suitable for study by X-ray diffraction, reduction of Th(OArH)4, Th(OArtBu)4, and Th(OArOMe)4 with Li provided X-ray quality crystals whose structures had square planar coordination geometries. Reduction of Th(OArPh)4 with Li also gave a product with EPR and UV-visible spectra that matched those of [Th(OArMe)4]1-, but X-ray quality crystals of the reduction product were too unstable to provide data. Neither Th(Odipp)4(THF)2 (Odipp = OC6H3iPr2-2,6) nor Th(Odmp)4(THF)2 (Odmp = OC6H3Me2-2,6) could be reduced to Th(III) products under similar conditions. Reduction of U(OArH)3(THF) with KC8 in the presence of 2.2.2-cryptand (crypt) was examined for comparison and formed [K(crypt)][U(OArH)4], which has a tetrahedral arrangement of the aryloxide ligands. Moreover, no further reduction was observed when either [K(crypt)][U(OArH)4] or [K(crown)(THF)2][U(OArH)4] were treated with KC8 or Li.

Associations Between D3Cr Muscle Mass and Magnetic Resonance Thigh Muscle Volume With Strength, Power, Physical Performance, Fitness, and Limitations in Older Adults in the SOMMA Study.

BACKGROUND: How magnetic resonance (MR) derived thigh muscle volume and deuterated creatine dilution derived muscle mass (D3Cr muscle mass) differentially relate to strength, fitness, and other functions in older adults-and whether associations vary by sex-is not known. METHODS: Men (N = 345) and women (N = 482) aged ≥70 years from the Study of Muscle, Mobility, and Aging completed leg extension strength (1-repetition max) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing to assess fitness (VO2peak). Correlations and adjusted regression models stratified by sex were used to assess the association between muscle size measures, study outcomes, and sex interactions. RESULTS: D3Cr muscle mass and MR thigh muscle volume were correlated (men: r = 0.62, women: r = 0.51, p < .001). Each standard deviation (SD) decrement in D3Cr muscle mass was associated with lower 1-repetition max strength (-14 kg men, -4 kg women, p < .001 for both; p-interaction = .003) and lower VO2peak (-79 mL/min men, -30 mL/min women, p < .001 for both, p-interaction: .016). Each SD decrement in MR thigh muscle volume was also associated with lower strength (-32 kg men, -20 kg women, p < .001 for both; p-interaction = .139) and lower VO2peak (-217 mL/min men, -111 mL/min women, p < .001 for both, p-interaction = .010). There were associations, though less consistent, between muscle size or mass with physical performance and function; associations varied by sex. CONCLUSIONS: Less muscle-measured by either D3Cr muscle mass or MR thigh muscle volume-was associated with lower strength and fitness. Varied associations by sex and assessment method suggest consideration be given to which measurement to use in future studies.

Identification of an X-Band Clock Transition in Cp'3Pr- Enabled by a 4f25d1 Configuration.

Molecular qubits offer an attractive basis for quantum information processing, but challenges remain with regard to sustained coherence. Qubits based on clock transitions offer a method to improve the coherence times. We propose a general strategy for identifying molecules with high-frequency clock transitions in systems where a d electron is coupled to a crystal-field singlet state of an f configuration, resulting in an MJ = ±1/2 ground state with strong hyperfine coupling. Using this approach, a 9.834 GHz clock transition was identified in a molecular Pr complex, [K(crypt)][Cp'3PrII], leading to 3-fold enhancements in T2 relative to other transitions in the spectrum. This result indicates the promise of the design principles outlined here for the further development of f-element systems for quantum information applications.