RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Patients with COPD are often affected by loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporotic fractures. Natriuretic peptides (NP) are known as cardiac markers, but have also been linked to fragility-associated fractures in the elderly. As their functions include regulation of fluid and mineral balance, they also might affect bone metabolism, particularly in systemic disorders such as COPD. RESEARCH QUESTION: We investigated the association between NP serum levels, vertebral fractures and BMD assessed by chest computed tomography (CT) in patients with COPD. METHODS: Participants of the COSYCONET cohort with CT scans were included. Mean vertebral bone density on CT (BMD-CT) as a risk factor for osteoporosis was assessed at the level of TH12 (AI-Rad Companion), and vertebral compression fractures were visually quantified by two readers. Their relationship with N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), Mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MRproANP) and Midregional pro-adrenomedullin (MRproADM) was determined using group comparisons and multivariable analyses. RESULTS: Among 418 participants (58% male, median age 64 years, FEV1 59.6% predicted), vertebral fractures in TH12 were found in 76 patients (18.1%). Compared to patients without fractures, these had elevated serum levels (p ≤ 0.005) of MRproANP and MRproADM. Using optimal cut-off values in multiple logistic regression analyses, MRproANP levels ≥ 65 nmol/l (OR 2.34; p = 0.011) and age (p = 0.009) were the only significant predictors of fractures after adjustment for sex, BMI, smoking status, FEV1% predicted, SGRQ Activity score, daily physical activity, oral corticosteroids, the diagnosis of cardiac disease, and renal impairment. Correspondingly, MRproANP (p < 0.001), age (p = 0.055), SGRQ Activity score (p = 0.061) and active smoking (p = 0.025) were associated with TH12 vertebral density. INTERPRETATION: MRproANP was a marker for osteoporotic vertebral fractures in our COPD patients from the COSYCONET cohort. Its association with reduced vertebral BMD on CT and its known modulating effects on fluid and ion balance are suggestive of direct effects on bone mineralization. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01245933, Date of registration: 18 November 2010.
Assuntos
Fator Natriurético Atrial , Biomarcadores , Densidade Óssea , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Fraturas da Coluna Vertebral , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fator Natriurético Atrial/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Densidade Óssea/fisiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Fraturas por Osteoporose/sangue , Fraturas por Osteoporose/epidemiologia , Fraturas por Osteoporose/diagnóstico , Fraturas por Osteoporose/diagnóstico por imagem , Precursores de Proteínas/sangue , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/sangue , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/epidemiologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico , Fraturas da Coluna Vertebral/sangue , Fraturas da Coluna Vertebral/epidemiologia , Fraturas da Coluna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Alpha 1antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency represents a complex genetic disorder and necessitates an interdisciplinary approach in the clinical practice. This article provides an overview of the epidemiology, genetics, symptoms, diagnostics and treatment of AAT deficiency. Knowledge and an in-depth understanding of AAT deficiency are indispensable to improve the early recognition of AAT, to optimize the quality of life of those affected and to enable targeted treatment interventions.
Assuntos
Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/genética , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/terapia , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/diagnóstico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/epidemiologia , Humanos , alfa 1-Antitripsina/genética , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) are common in patients undergoing prolonged weaning, there is little data on their impact on weaning and patient outcomes. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients who underwent prolonged weaning and were at a university weaning centre from January 2018 to December 2020. The influence of MDR colonisation and infection on weaning success (category 3a and 3b), successful prolonged weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) with or without the need for non-invasive ventilation (NIV) compared with category 3c (weaning failure 3cI or death 3cII) was investigated. The pathogen groups considered were: multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDRGN), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE). RESULTS: A total of 206 patients were studied, of whom 91 (44.2%) showed evidence of MDR bacteria (32% VRE, 1.5% MRSA and 16% MDRGN), with 25 patients also meeting the criteria for MDR infection. 70.9% of the 206 patients were successfully weaned from IMV, 8.7% died. In 72.2% of cases, nosocomial pneumonia and other infections were the main cause of death. Patients with evidence of MDR (infection and colonisation) had a higher incidence of weaning failure than those without evidence of MDR (48% vs. 34.8% vs. 21.7%). In multivariate analyses, MDR infection (OR 4.9, p = 0.004) was an independent risk factor for weaning failure, along with male sex (OR 2.3, p = 0.025), Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 1.2, p = 0.027), pH (OR 2.7, p < 0.001) and duration of IMV before admission (OR 1.01, p < 0.001). In addition, MDR infection was the only independent risk factor for death (category 3cII), (OR 6.66, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: Patients with MDR infection are significantly more likely to die during the weaning process. There is an urgent need to develop non-antibiotic approaches for the prevention and treatment of MDR infections as well as clinical research on antibiotic stewardship in prolonged weaning as well as in ICUs.
Assuntos
Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina , Respiração Artificial , Humanos , Masculino , Respiração Artificial/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Desmame do Respirador , Bactérias , Antibacterianos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory multisystemic disease caused by environmental exposures and/or genetic factors. Inherited alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is one of the best recognized genetic factors increasing the risk for an early onset COPD with emphysema. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the associations between comorbidities and specific biomarkers in COPD patients with and without AATD to enable future investigations aimed, for example, at identifying risk factors or improving care. METHODS: We focused on cardiovascular comorbidities, blood high sensitivity troponin (hs-troponin) and lipid profiles in COPD patients with and without AATD. We used clinical data from six German University Medical Centres of the MIRACUM (Medical Informatics Initiative in Research and Medicine) consortium. The codes for the international classification of diseases (ICD) were used for COPD as a main diagnosis and for comorbidities and blood laboratory data were obtained. Data analyses were based on the DataSHIELD framework. RESULTS: Out of 112,852 visits complete information was available for 43,057 COPD patients. According to our findings, 746 patients with AATD (1.73%) showed significantly lower total blood cholesterol levels and less cardiovascular comorbidities than non-AATD COPD patients. Moreover, after adjusting for the confounder factors, such as age, gender, and nicotine abuse, we confirmed that hs-troponin is a suitable predictor of overall mortality in COPD patients. The comorbidities associated with AATD in the current study differ from other studies, which may reflect geographic and population-based differences as well as the heterogeneous characteristics of AATD. CONCLUSION: The concept of MIRACUM is suitable for the analysis of a large healthcare database. This study provided evidence that COPD patients with AATD have a lower cardiovascular risk and revealed that hs-troponin is a predictor for hospital mortality in individuals with COPD.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina , Humanos , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/diagnóstico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/epidemiologia , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/genética , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/genética , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/epidemiologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , TroponinaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Most cases of COVID-19 are considered mild, but patients with immunosuppressant treatment might be prone to severe courses of disease. Expert panels advise to delay treatment with cell-depleting MS therapies during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We report a case of a patient with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis who developed COVID-19 pneumonia 2 weeks after the first week of cladribine therapy. RESULTS: Despite a severe lymphopenia (absolute lymphocyte count 240/µL), the patient had a moderate course of COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Apart from maximal supportive treatment, this could be due to cladribine reducing inflammatory response, which probably contributes considerably to severe courses of COVID-19 pneumonia.
Assuntos
Cladribina/efeitos adversos , Infecções por Coronavirus/imunologia , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Linfopenia/induzido quimicamente , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumonia Viral/imunologia , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Infecções por Coronavirus/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Linfopenia/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/complicações , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/complicações , Pneumonia Viral/fisiopatologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
Importance: The overall low survival rate of patients with lung cancer calls for improved detection tools to enable better treatment options and improved patient outcomes. Multivariable molecular signatures, such as blood-borne microRNA (miRNA) signatures, may have high rates of sensitivity and specificity but require additional studies with large cohorts and standardized measurements to confirm the generalizability of miRNA signatures. Objective: To investigate the use of blood-borne miRNAs as potential circulating markers for detecting lung cancer in an extended cohort of symptomatic patients and control participants. Design, Setting, and Participants: This multicenter, cohort study included patients from case-control and cohort studies (TREND and COSYCONET) with 3102 patients being enrolled by convenience sampling between March 3, 2009, and March 19, 2018. For the cohort study TREND, population sampling was performed. Clinical diagnoses were obtained for 3046 patients (606 patients with non-small cell and small cell lung cancer, 593 patients with nontumor lung diseases, 883 patients with diseases not affecting the lung, and 964 unaffected control participants). No samples were removed because of experimental issues. The collected data were analyzed between April 2018 and November 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures: Sensitivity and specificity of liquid biopsy using miRNA signatures for detection of lung cancer. Results: A total of 3102 patients with a mean (SD) age of 61.1 (16.2) years were enrolled. Data on the sex of the participants were available for 2856 participants; 1727 (60.5%) were men. Genome-wide miRNA profiles of blood samples from 3046 individuals were evaluated by machine-learning methods. Three classification scenarios were investigated by splitting the samples equally into training and validation sets. First, a 15-miRNA signature from the training set was used to distinguish patients diagnosed with lung cancer from all other individuals in the validation set with an accuracy of 91.4% (95% CI, 91.0%-91.9%), a sensitivity of 82.8% (95% CI, 81.5%-84.1%), and a specificity of 93.5% (95% CI, 93.2%-93.8%). Second, a 14-miRNA signature from the training set was used to distinguish patients with lung cancer from patients with nontumor lung diseases in the validation set with an accuracy of 92.5% (95% CI, 92.1%-92.9%), sensitivity of 96.4% (95% CI, 95.9%-96.9%), and specificity of 88.6% (95% CI, 88.1%-89.2%). Third, a 14-miRNA signature from the training set was used to distinguish patients with early-stage lung cancer from all individuals without lung cancer in the validation set with an accuracy of 95.9% (95% CI, 95.7%-96.2%), sensitivity of 76.3% (95% CI, 74.5%-78.0%), and specificity of 97.5% (95% CI, 97.2%-97.7%). Conclusions and Relevance: The findings of the study suggest that the identified patterns of miRNAs may be used as a component of a minimally invasive lung cancer test, complementing imaging, sputum cytology, and biopsy tests.
Assuntos
MicroRNA Circulante/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death with a considerable part of the population dying from cardiovascular diseases. High-sensitivity troponin I (hs-TnI) might help to better identify COPD patients at high risk of mortality. We aimed to study the predictive value of hs-TnI for all-cause mortality beyond established COPD assessments, and after consideration of relevant cardiovascular risk factors and prevalent cardiovascular diseases, in a broad population with stable COPD.Circulating hs-TnI concentrations together with a wide range of respiratory and cardiovascular markers were evaluated in 2085 patients with stable COPD across all severity stages enrolled in the multicentre COSYCONET cohort study. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality over 3â years of follow-up.Hs-TnI was detectable in 2020 (96.9%) patients. The median hs-TnI concentration was 3.8â ng·L-1 (interquartile range 2.5-6.6â ng·L-1), with levels above the 99th percentile reference limit of 27â ng·L-1 observed in 1.8% of patients. In Cox regression analyses including adjustments for airflow limitation, dyspnoea grade, exercise capacity and history of severe exacerbations, as well as traditional cardiovascular risk factors, estimated glomerular filtration rate, ankle-brachial index, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptides and prevalent cardiovascular diseases, hs-TnI was a significant predictor for all-cause mortality, both as a continuous variable (hazard ratio (HR) for log hs-TnI 1.28, 95% CI 1.01-1.62) and categorised according to the cut-off of 6â ng·L-1 (HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.10-2.42).In patients with stable COPD, hs-TnI is a strong predictor of all-cause mortality beyond established COPD mortality predictors, and independent of a broad range of cardiovascular risk factors and prevalent cardiovascular diseases. Hs-TnI concentrations well below the upper reference limit provide further prognostic value for all patients with COPD when added to established risk assessments.
Assuntos
Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Troponina I , Biomarcadores , Estudos de Coortes , Humanos , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Medição de Risco , Troponina TRESUMO
High resting heart rate (RHR) is associated with higher mortality in the general population and in cardiovascular disease. Less is known about the association of RHR with outcome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In particular, the time-updated RHR (most recent value before the event) appears informative. This is the first study to investigate the association of time-updated RHR with mortality in COPD. We compared the baseline and time-updated RHR related to survival in 2218 COPD patients of the German COSYCONET cohort (COPD and Systemic Consequences-Comorbidities Network). Patients with a baseline RHR > 72 beats per minute (bmp) had a significantly (p = 0.049) higher all-cause mortality risk (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.37 (1.00-1.87) compared to baseline RHR ≤ 72 bpm. The time-updated RHR > 72 bpm was markedly superior (HR 1.79, 1.30-2.46, p = 0.001). Both, increased baseline and time-updated RHR, were independently associated with low FEV1, low TLCO, a history of diabetes, and medication with short-acting beta agonists (SABAs). In conclusion, increased time-updated RHR is associated with higher mortality in COPD independent of other predictors and superior to baseline RHR. Increased RHR is linked to lung function, comorbidities and medication. Whether RHR is an effective treatment target in COPD, needs to be proven in controlled trials.
Assuntos
Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/mortalidade , Descanso/fisiologia , Idoso , Causas de Morte/tendências , Feminino , Seguimentos , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/fisiopatologia , Fatores de Risco , Taxa de Sobrevida/tendências , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The combination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a higher prevalence of comorbidities and increased mortality. The impact of kidney function on patient-centered outcomes in COPD has not been evaluated. METHODS: Patients from the German COPD and Systemic Consequences - Comorbidities Network (COSYCONET) cohort COPD were analysed. CKD was diagnosed if the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measurements were < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 at study inclusion and six month later. The effect of CKD, on comorbidities, symptoms [modified British Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale], physical capacity [six-minute walk test, and timed up and go] and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire were analysed. Restricted cubic spline models were used to evaluate a nonlinear relationship between eGFR with patient-centered outcomes, cox survival analysis was applied to evaluate mortality. RESULTS: 2274 patients were analysed, with CKD diagnosed in 161 (7.1%). Spline models adjusted for age, gender, BMI, FEV1 and cardiovascular comorbidities revealed independent associations between eGFR with modified British Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale, St George's Respiratory Questionnaire, (p < 0.001 and p = 0.011), six-minute walk test (p = 0.015) and timed up and go (p < 0.001). CKD was associated with increased mortality, independently from for other cardiovascular comorbidities (hazard ratio 2.3; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These data show that CKD is a relevant comorbidity in COPD patients which impacts on patient-centered outcomes and mortality. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01245933.
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Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/fisiopatologia , Testes de Função Respiratória/métodos , Teste de Caminhada/métodosAssuntos
Eosinófilos/citologia , Contagem de Leucócitos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/sangue , Eosinofilia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Idoso , Antiasmáticos/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores/análise , Estudos de Coortes , Eosinófilos/fisiologia , Feminino , Alemanha , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Eosinofilia Pulmonar/sangue , Medição de Risco , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Mortality in patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is high. Therefore, it is crucial to better understand conditions that are associated with mortality in ECMO patients. In this retrospective analysis, we observed 51 patients treated with high-flow ECMO in 2013 and 2014 at our center. We recorded laboratory values and intensive care procedures. The hypothesis of bilirubin being a predictor of mortality during ECMO treatment was initially addressed. Therefore, laboratory values were obtained before initiation and at the time of highest bilirubin throughout the procedure. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and survival analysis were conducted. Our cohort consisted of patients with advanced age (median: 55 years; range: 22-76) and high mortality (26/51; 51%). Lactate, bilirubin, and NT-pro-BNP were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with mortality in univariable analyses. The cut-off values with highest Youden's index were bilirubin ≥10 mg/dl, lactate ≥2.25 mmol/L, and NT-pro-BNP ≥11,500 pg/ml. A multivariable analysis, revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74-0.97), sensitivity of 0.79, and specificity of 0.91. Bilirubin, lactate, and NT-pro-BNP were associated with mortality during ECMO treatment. However, laboratory values were only evaluated at the time of peak bilirubin.
Assuntos
Bilirrubina/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/mortalidade , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/sangue , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Área Sob a Curva , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Curva ROC , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a rare genetic disorder that is associated with low levels of circulating alpha-1-antitrypsin in serum. In comparison to the genotype PiZZ, PiSZ usually leads to lower risk of emphysema, better lung function and better survival. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between cigarette smoking (packyears) and the AATD genotypes (PiZZ and PiSZ) concerning quality of life (SGRQ), transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide (TLCO), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and exacerbation rate. METHODS: We compared PiZZ and PiSZ individuals from the German registry for individuals with AATD (AATDR) in univariate analysis and multivariate linear regression models. All subjects were stratified into three groups according to their cumulative nicotine consumption (0 py; 0 < py < 30; ?30 py). RESULTS: 868 PiZZ individuals (mean age 52.6 ± 12.8 years (43.5% female)) and 114 PiSZ individuals (mean age 50.3 ± 17.4 years (46.5% female)) were compared. In contrast to never- and intensive (ex-) smokers, moderate (ex-) smoking PiSZ individuals had a significantly better SGRQ total score (B = ?8.148; p = 0.020) and less exacerbations (B = ?0.354; p = 0.037) than individuals with PiZZ in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The differences in quality of life and exacerbation frequency between PiZZ and PiSZ individuals diminish by intensive (ex-) smoking.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Proteases/metabolismo , Fumar/fisiopatologia , Fumar/psicologia , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/genética , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/fisiopatologia , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/psicologia , Adulto , Idoso , Monóxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Volume Expiratório Forçado/fisiologia , Genótipo , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Humanos , Pulmão/metabolismo , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Pneumopatias/complicações , Pneumopatias/epidemiologia , Pneumopatias/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de Vida , Testes de Função Respiratória/métodos , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Fumar/tendências , alfa 1-Antitripsina/sangueRESUMO
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used successfully for the treatment of patients with respiratory failure due to severe infections. Although rare, parasites can also cause severe pulmonary disease. Tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus give rise to the development of cystic structures in the liver, lungs, and other organs. Acute cyst rupture leads to potentially life-threatening infection, and affected patients may deteriorate rapidly. The case of a young woman from Bulgaria who was admitted to hospital with severe dyspnoea, progressive chest pain, and haemoptysis is described. Computed tomography of the chest was pathognomonic for cystic echinococcosis with acute cyst rupture. Following deterioration on mechanical ventilation, she was cannulated for veno-venous ECMO. The patient's condition improved considerably, and she was weaned successfully from ECMO and mechanical ventilation. Following lobectomy of the affected left lower lobe, the patient was discharged home in good condition. This appears to be the first report of the successful use of ECMO as salvage treatment for a severe manifestation of a helminthic disease. Due to recent migration to Western Europe, the number of patients presenting with respiratory failure due to pulmonary echinococcosis with cyst rupture is likely to increase.
Assuntos
Equinococose/terapia , Echinococcus granulosus , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Pneumopatias Parasitárias/terapia , Terapia de Salvação , Animais , Cistos/parasitologia , Cistos/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Respiração Artificial , Insuficiência Respiratória , Ruptura Espontânea/parasitologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a rare inherited condition caused by mutations of the SERPINA1 gene that is associated with the development of a COPD like lung disease. The comorbidities in patients with AATD-related lung diseases are not well defined. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical phenotype of AATD patients within the German COPD cohort study COSYCONET ("COPD and SYstemic consequences-COmorbidities NETwork") cohort focusing on the distribution of comorbidities. METHOD AND RESULTS: The data from 2645 COSYCONET patients, including 139 AATD patients (110 with and 29 without augmentation therapy), were analyzed by descriptive statistics and regression analyses. We found significantly lower prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities in AATD patients as compared to non-AATD COPD patients. After correction for age, pack years, body mass index, and sex, the differences were still significant for coronary artery disease (p = 0.002) and the prevalence of peripheral artery disease as determined by an ankle-brachial-index <= 0.9 (p = 0.035). Also the distribution of other comorbidities such as bronchiectasis differed between AATD and non-deficient COPD. CONCLUSION: AATD is associated with a lower prevalence of cardiovascular disease, the underlying mechanisms need further investigation.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/diagnóstico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/epidemiologia , Idoso , Doenças Cardiovasculares/genética , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , alfa 1-Antitripsina/genética , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic disorder that is associated with a higher risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema. The annual declines in lung function (FEV1) and transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide (TLCO) predict all-cause mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We investigated the longitudinal follow-up data over 11 years (mean follow-up period of 4.89 years) from the German AATD registry and analyzed the relationship between annual loss of FEV1 and TLCO and sex, age, body mass index (BMI), nicotine consumption, occupational dust exposure, St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score, baseline FEV1 or TLCO, alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) serum level, exacerbation frequency and the duration of smoking abstinence by multiple linear generalized estimating equations models (GEE-models). RESULTS: We evaluated the data of 100 individuals with post-bronchodilator FEV1 measurements and from 116 individuals with TLCO measurements. The mean overall decline was -54.06 ± 164.62 ml/year in FEV1 and -0.17 ± 0.70 mmol/min/kPa/year in TLCO. Accelerated deterioration of FEV1 was associated with occupational dust exposure (p = 0.026), shorter duration of smoking abstinence (p = 0.008), higher baseline FEV1 (p = 0.003), higher annual exacerbation frequency (p = 0.003) and higher frequency of glucocorticoids intake (p = 0.004). Furthermore, patients with an elevated decline in TLCO showed significant impaired health-related quality of life at baseline (p = 0.039) and lower AAT serum levels (p < 0.001) in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Annual decline in FEV1 is related to the exacerbation rate, occupational dust exposure and the duration of smoking abstinence.
Assuntos
Broncodilatadores/farmacologia , Progressão da Doença , Volume Expiratório Forçado/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/fisiopatologia , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/estatística & dados numéricos , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/fisiopatologia , alfa 1-Antitripsina/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Broncodilatadores/administração & dosagem , Broncodilatadores/efeitos adversos , Monóxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Poeira , Feminino , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/complicações , Enfisema Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Fatores de Tempo , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/complicações , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/genéticaRESUMO
Although hyperlipidemia is common in COPD, its relationship to comorbidities, risk factors and lung function in COPD has not been studied in detail. Using the baseline data of the COSYCONET cohort we addressed this question. Data from 1746 COPD patients (GOLD stage 1-4; mean age 64.6 y, mean FEV1%pred 57%) were evaluated, focusing on the comorbidities hyperlipidemia, diabetes and cardiovascular complex (CVC; including arterial hypertension, cardiac failure, ischemic heart disease). Risk factors comprised age, gender, BMI, and packyears of smoking. The results of linear and logistic regression analyses were implemented into a path analysis model describing the multiple relationships between parameters. Hyperlipidemia (prevalence 42.9%) was associated with lower intrathoracic gas volume (ITGV) and higher forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) when adjusting for its multiple relationships to risk factors and other comorbidities. These findings were robust in various statistical analyses. The associations between comorbidities and risk factors were in accordance with previous findings, thereby underlining the validity of our data. In conclusion, hyperlipidemia was associated with less hyperinflation and airway obstruction in patients with COPD. This surprising result might be due to different COPD phenotypes in these patients or related to effects of medication.
Assuntos
Hiperlipidemias/etiologia , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/complicações , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Biomarcadores , Estudos de Coortes , Comorbidade , Feminino , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Humanos , Hiperlipidemias/epidemiologia , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/epidemiologia , Testes de Função Respiratória , Fatores de Risco , Capacidade VitalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a rare hereditary disease that is associated with a higher risk to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and liver cirrhosis. Previous cross-sectional studies on AATD individuals have shown a relationship between worse St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) scores and elevated exacerbation rate or high cigarette consumption. There is a lack of longitudinal data on the relationship between the exacerbation rate and worsening of SGRQ during disease. The aim of this study was to provide not only cross-sectional data but also information about the deterioration in quality of life over a follow-up period up to 7 years (median follow-up period of 3.33 years). METHODS: We investigated questionnaire-based data of the German AATD registry concerning the relationship between SGRQ and exacerbation frequency, smoking history, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO) first in cross-sectional analysis and later in longitudinal analysis. RESULTS: Eight hundred sixty-eight individuals with protease inhibitor ZZ (PiZZ) genotype with an average age of 52.6±12.8 years had an SGRQ score of 45.7±20.6. SGRQ significantly correlated with the exacerbation frequency within the last 2 years (r=0.464; P<0.001), smoking history (r=0.233; P<0.001), FEV1 (r=-0.436; P<0.001), DLCO (r=-0.333; P<0.001), and patients' age (r=0.292; P<0.001). Individuals with occupational dust exposure had significantly worse quality of life (P<0.001). Mean annual deterioration of SGRQ in all patients with available follow-up data (n=286) was 1.21±4.45 points per year. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between worsening of SGRQ/year and exacerbation frequency in the follow-up period (r=0.144; P=0.015). CONCLUSION: Worsening of SGRQ is associated with the exacerbation frequency in individuals with PiZZ AATD.
Assuntos
Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/psicologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Capacidade de Difusão Pulmonar , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/epidemiologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/fisiopatologia , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de Risco , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/diagnóstico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/epidemiologia , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Mast cells (MCs) and nerves play an important role in allergic rhinitis (AR), but little is known about their crosstalk in AR. The aim of this study was to investigate MC-nerve interaction in the human nasal mucosa during AR. METHODS: The association between MCs and nerves, the expression of neuropeptide receptors (neurokinin 1 receptor [NK1R], neurokinin 2 receptor [NK2R], calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor [CGRPR], and MrgX2) on MCs, and protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) and tyrosine receptor kinase A (TrkA) on nerve fibres in the human nasal mucosa were investigated with immunofluorescence and real-time PCR. RESULTS: The association between MCs and nerves was found to be significantly increased, although the numbers of MCs and nerve fibres were unchanged during AR. MCs expressing tryptase-chymase (MCtc) were frequently associated with nerve fibres and these contacts increased significantly in AR. Neuropeptide receptors NK1R, NK2R, and CGRPR were firstly found to be largely localised on MCs. The number of MCs expressing NK1R and NK2R, but not CGRPR, was significantly increased in AR. Interestingly, MCtc mostly expressed these neuropeptide receptors. The newly discovered tachykinin receptor MrgX2 was not expressed on nasal MCs, but was expressed on gland cells and increased in AR. Additionally, tachykinergic nerve fibres were found to express PAR2 or TrkA as receptors for MCs. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed for the first time an increase of MC-nerve association and neuropeptide receptor expression on MCs during AR as well as nerve fibres containing receptors for MCs. These results suggest that targeting or controlling airway sensory nerve function as a modulator of MCs may prevent allergic airway inflammation such as AR.
Assuntos
Mastócitos/metabolismo , Mucosa Nasal/inervação , Fibras Nervosas/metabolismo , Receptores de Neuropeptídeos/metabolismo , Rinite Alérgica/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Quimases/metabolismo , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucosa Nasal/metabolismo , Receptores de Peptídeo Relacionado com o Gene de Calcitonina/metabolismo , Receptores da Neurocinina-1/metabolismo , Receptores da Neurocinina-2/metabolismo , Receptores de Neuropeptídeos/genética , Substância P/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Triptases/metabolismo , Ubiquitina Tiolesterase/metabolismo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Reducing hyperinflated areas in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, either surgically or endoscopically, leads to improvement of functional parameters. It is unclear if bilateral treatment with endobronchial valves (EBV) aiming at total lobar occlusion is beneficial. The aim of this study was to assess the results after staged bilateral endoscopic treatment with EBV. This is a retrospective analysis of patients with severe airflow obstruction, who were treated bilaterally with EBV in two stages, aiming at subsequent atelectasis. Pre- and postintervention lung function parameters, the 6-minute walk test (6-MWT), complications, and follow-up were recorded. Sixteen patients were treated bilaterally in two stages. There was an overall improvement in lung function from baseline to second-treatment follow-up with an increase in FEV1 (23.57-29.21% of predicted) and a decrease in residual volume (299.21-240.10% of predicted) and total lung capacity (140.78-128.71% of predicted). The 6-MWT improved up to 54 m. After each procedure, 9 of 16 patients (56.25%) developed an atelectasis of the target lobe. Overall, pneumothorax occurred in 8 of 32 procedures (25%). No patient died. Patients benefitted from the first EBV treatment. The second treatment did not lead to marked improvements compared to the first treatment. Bilateral lung volume reduction with valves is possible; however, the current results seem not to justify bilateral valve treatment as a routine approach.