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1.
Commun Biol ; 7(1): 911, 2024 Jul 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39069529

RESUMO

Although the impact of group dynamics on creativity is widely recognized, prior research has primarily concentrated on individuals in isolation from social context. To address this lacuna, we focus on groups as the fundamental unit of analysis. We used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to examine brain activity in groups of four during brainstorming discussions. We assessed interbrain coupling in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a brain region linked to flexibility, and in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), a region associated with imitation. Our findings demonstrate that creativity-focused discussions induced interbrain coupling both in regions related to flexibility and herding. Notably, interbrain coupling in the IFG was associated with more imitation of responses. Critically, while interbrain coupling in the DLPFC positively predicted group creativity, in the IFG it negatively predicted creativity. These findings suggest that increase in group mindsets of flexibility relative to herding is important for enhancing group creativity.


Assuntos
Encéfalo , Criatividade , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao Infravermelho , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Adulto Jovem , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiologia , Processos Grupais , Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos
2.
Brain Sci ; 12(11)2022 Nov 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36421890

RESUMO

Conflicts between groups are difficult to resolve, partly because humans tend to be biased in judging outgroup members. The aim of the current article is to review findings on the link between creativity and conflict-related biases and to offer a model that views creative cognition as an ability that may contribute to overcoming conflict-related biases. Our proposed model conforms to the twofold model of creativity. According to this model, creativity involves a generation phase and an evaluation phase, and these phases correspond to the neural mechanisms that underlie conflict-related biases. Specifically, we contend that the generation phase of creativity affects conflict-related biases by exerting an influence on stereotypes and prejudice, outgroup-targeted emotions, and ingroup empathy biases, all of which rely on the default mode network. Conversely, the evaluation phase of creativity, which is usually associated with activation in the executive control network and action-observation system, may be related to herding behaviors. Building on the shared mechanisms of creativity and conflicts, we propose that studies examining creativity-based interventions may be effective in promoting reconciliation.

3.
Nat Hum Behav ; 5(9): 1214-1225, 2021 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33686202

RESUMO

Civilian casualties occur during military attacks. Such 'collateral damage' is prohibited by international laws but increases with substantial consequences when intergroup conflict escalates. Here, we investigate cognitive and neural bases of decision-making processes resulting in civilian harm, using a task that simulates punishment decision-making during intergroup conflict. We test two groups of Chinese participants in a laboratory setting, and members of two ethnic groups (Jewish and Palestinian) in Israel. The results dissociate two psychological constructs, harm preference and harm avoidance, which respectively characterize punishment decision-making related to outgroup combatants and outgroup noncombatants during intergroup conflict. In particular, individuals show decreased avoidance of harming outgroup noncombatants when conflict escalates. Brain imaging (functional magnetic resonance imaging) reveals that decreased harm avoidance is predicted by inhibition of the left middle frontal activity during selection of punishment decisions. Our findings provide insight into the cognitive and neural bases of decision-making involving civilian harm during intergroup conflict.


Assuntos
Conflitos Armados/psicologia , Conflito Psicológico , Tomada de Decisões/fisiologia , Punição/psicologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/psicologia , Adulto , Árabes/psicologia , Feminino , Processos Grupais , Humanos , Judeus/psicologia , Masculino , Vias Neurais/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto Jovem
4.
Multivariate Behav Res ; 54(4): 530-541, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30957565

RESUMO

We propose a novel approach to the analysis of synchronized three-dimensional motion in dyads. Motion recorded at high time resolution, as with a gaming device, is preprocessed in each of the three spatial dimensions by spline smoothing. Synchrony is then defined, at each time point, as the cosine between the two individuals' estimated velocity vectors. The approach is extended to allow a time lag, allowing for the analysis of leader-follower dynamics. Mean square cosine over the time range is proposed as a scalar summary of dyadic synchrony, and this measure is found to be positively associated with cognitive empathy.


Assuntos
Algoritmos , Empatia/fisiologia , Modelos Estatísticos , Humanos , Estimulação Transcraniana por Corrente Contínua
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