Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

Gut microbiota of patients with Parkinson's disease and healthy volunteers was analyzed by the method of high throughput 16S rRNA sequencing of bacterial genomes. In patients with Parkinson's diseases, changes in the content of 9 genera and 15 species of microorganisms were revealed: reduced content of Dorea, Bacteroides, Prevotella, Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides massiliensis, Stoquefichus massiliensis, Bacteroides coprocola, Blautia glucerasea, Dorea longicatena, Bacteroides dorei, Bacteroides plebeus, Prevotella copri, Coprococcus eutactus, and Ruminococcus callidus, and increased content of Christensenella, Catabacter, Lactobacillus, Oscillospira, Bifidobacterium, Christensenella minuta, Catabacter hongkongensis, Lactobacillus mucosae, Ruminococcus bromii, and Papillibacter cinnamivorans. This microbiological pattern of gut microflora can trigger local inflammation followed by aggregation of α-synuclein and generation of Lewy bodies.

[INFLUENCE OF SAUSSUREA CONTROVERSA AND FILLIPENDULA ULMARIA EXTRACTS ON IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIVITY OF RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL OSTEOMYELITIS.]

The influence of Saussurea controversa DC and Fillipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim extracts on the immunological reactivity of rats with experimental osteomyelitis has been studied. The application of these extracts on the background of antibiotic therapy normalized the immunological reactivity indices: (i) reduced the levels of total immunoglobulins, IgM and IgG and (ii) increased the percentage of active neutrophils and their absorption capacity, as well as the percentage of completion of phagocytosis. The treatment with plant extracts reduced the acute inflammatory reaction and increased the total number of megakaryocites as compared to those upon antibiotic therapy.

[Immunophenotypic characteristic of dendritic cells in bronchial asthma in conditions of extract opisthorchis felineus in vitro].

This work shows comparative characteristics of immunogenic properties of the extract of Opisthorchis felineus in different severity of asthma using antigen presenting dendritic cells in vitro. New data on the effect of Opisthorchis felineus on the expression of surface markers of dendritic cells (CD209, HLA-DR, CD83, CD86) were received. Pronounced expression of CD209, CD86 and HLA-DR on the surface of dendritic cells in mild and severe asthma compared with healthy individuals was shown. In the stimulation of dendritic cells with extract Opisthorchis felineus in vitro weakening of CD86 expression in mild and in severe asthma was found. CD86 molecule may be a regulatory factor in the co-stimulation of dendritic cells which

Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of water-soluble polysaccharide fraction of Stellaria media L.

Therapy of rats with CCl4 hepatitis with Stellaria media L. water-soluble polysaccharide fraction in a dose of 100 mg/kg reduces serum activities of transaminases (ALT and AST), alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and the thymol test values. In the liver, the density of inflammatory infiltration of the organ parenchyma, total count of necrotic hepatocytes, fatty and protein degeneration are reducing. Hence, water-soluble polysaccharide fraction, isolated from the terrestrial part of Stellaria media L., is characterized by hepatoprotective activity.

[Functional state of a sphingomyeline cycle and free radical lipid oxidation activity of a rat's liver during different phases of starvation].

The functional state of a sphingomyeline cycle and character of its mutual relations with the processes of free radical lipid oxidation during starvation of animals without any restriction of access to drinking water at 1, 2, 3 day (I phase) and 6 day (II phase of starvation) were studied at the liver of rats. The maximal values of the ceramide/sphingomyeline ratio and activity neutral sphingomyelinase and executive caspase-3 were reached in a liver of animals at the 3rd day of starvation. From the 3rd day of starvation the concentration of the tumour necrosis factor-alpha which is one of activators neutral sphingomyelinase was increase in rats blood serum. During the extent of large part of the I phase of starvation the intensity of free radical lipid peroxidation in a liver had almost the same level as in control group--that was a result of the high-grade functioning of antioxidant defense system. After transition the I phase of starvation into the II phase (6 day of experiment) the oxidative stress was developed as result of an exhaustion of system antioxidant defense potential in a liver. The results of this data can testify that during I phase of starvation in a liver the conditions was raised for display of the ceramide-mediated proapoptotic signalling. We assume that ceramide-mediated apoptosis is one of mechanisms of optimization of liver cellular population at the frames of metabolic adaptation. The I phase of starvation in a liver proves by the ceramide-mediated proapoptotic signaling developing. During the II phase of starvation the oxidative stress process were prevailed.

[Functional status of peripheral blood monocyte in patients with Ixodes tick-borne borreliosis accompanied by opisthorchiasis].

The characteristics of the functional status of peripheral blood monocytes/macrophages in patients with Ixodes tick-borne acute borreliosis accompanied by opisthorchiasis invasion were studied. The study revealed a decrease in the phagocytic activity of monocytes and in the level of expression of cell receptors Fcgamma with the expression of cell receptors C3beta being normal.

[Clinical and immunologic correlations of gastroduodenal lesions in patients with bronchial asthma]. / Kliniko-immunologicheskie paralleli porazheniia gastroduodenal'noi sistemy u bol'nykh bronkhial'noi astmoi.

To study local immunity of the stomach in bronchial asthma (BA) and the role of some immunity factors deficiency in development of gastroduodenal disturbances in BA patients, we have examined 271 male and female patients aged 18 to 60 years with exogenic and mixed BA of different severity. Gastroduodenal erosions were endoscopically diagnosed in 61 (22.5%) patients. We discovered that gastroduodenal pathology in BA develops in local deficiency of secretory IgA (sIgA) and high content of IgG and CIC in the gastric mucus. We registered a dose-dependent effect of long-term oral therapy with systemic glucocorticoids (SGC) in BA on gastroduodenal pathology and local immunity. Physiological doses reduce concentrations of IgG and CIC in gastric mucus and, by attenuation of immunocomplex reactions in gastric mucosa, decreased the rate of gastroduodenal erosions. Treatment with supraphysiological doses of SGC breaks specific defense of gastric mucosa and makes erosions more frequent. Thus, the above derangement of humoral immunity of the stomach in patients with non-hormone-dependent BA has common manifestations and direction with local immunity of the respiratory airways in BA suggesting involvement of "common immune system of the mucosas" in BA.