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1.
Anticancer Res ; 44(5): 1807-1815, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38677738

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIM: Recently developed vaccines for the SARS-CoV-2 virus utilize endogenous production of the virus' spike protein (SP), allowing the host to develop an immune response. As a result of the novelty of this virus and its vaccines, little is known overall about the potential effects of the SP on the pathogenesis of neoplasia, either from vaccination or from infection. This study was designed to investigate whether SARS-CoV-2 SP has any direct effect on SiHa cervical cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effects of SARS-CoV-2 SP on cervical cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis were investigated by using clonogenic cell survival assay, quick cell proliferation assay, and caspase-3 activity kits in a widely-used cervical cancer cell line, SiHa. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were also performed to determine the potential molecular mechanisms. RESULTS: The growth and proliferation of SiHa cancer cells were inhibited by SARS-CoV-2 SP. SARS-CoV-2 SP also induced apoptosis in SiHa cancer cells. The anti-proliferative effect of SARS-CoV-2 SP on SiHa cancer cells was associated with the up-regulation of the anti-proliferative molecule p53. The pro-apoptotic effect of SARS-CoV-2 SP on SiHa cells was associated with the up-regulation of the pro-apoptotic molecule TRAIL. CONCLUSION: SARS-CoV-2 SP inhibits the growth of cervical cancer via up-regulation of p53 and TRAIL. Further studies are needed to elaborate on the potential effects of the SARS-CoV-2 SP on other cancer cell lines and normal physiological cell lines for comparison.


Assuntos
Apoptose , Proliferação de Células , SARS-CoV-2 , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Humanos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/metabolismo , Feminino , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/metabolismo , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , SARS-CoV-2/fisiologia , COVID-19/virologia , COVID-19/metabolismo , COVID-19/patologia , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Caspase 3/metabolismo
2.
Med Oncol ; 40(9): 262, 2023 Aug 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37544953

RESUMO

Melanoma is the most lethal malignancy in skin cancers. About 97,610 new cases of melanoma are projected to occur in the United States (US) in 2023. Artichoke is a very popular plant widely consumed in the US due to its nutrition. In recent years, it has been shown that artichoke shows powerful anti-cancer effects on cancers such as breast cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, and leukemia. However, there is little known about its effect on melanoma. This study was designed to investigate if artichoke extract (AE) has any direct effect on the growth of melanoma. Clonogenic survival assay, cell proliferation, and caspase-3 activity kits were used to evaluate the effects AE has on cell survival, proliferation, and apoptosis of the widely studied melanoma cell line HTB-72. We further investigated the possible molecular mechanisms using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. The percentage of colonies of HTB-72 melanoma cells decreased significantly after treated with AE. This was paralleled with the decrease in the optic density (OD) value of cancer cells after treatment with AE. This was further supported by the decreased expression of PCNA mRNA after treated with AE. Furthermore, the cellular caspase-3 activity increased after treated with AE. The anti-proliferative effect of AE on melanoma cells correlated with increased p21, p27, and decreased CDK4. The pro-apoptotic effect of AE on melanoma cells correlated with decreased survivin. Artichoke inhibits growth of melanoma by inhibition of proliferation and promotion of apoptosis. Such a study might be helpful to develop a new promising treatment for melanoma.


Assuntos
Cynara scolymus , Melanoma , Humanos , Cynara scolymus/metabolismo , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Inibidores do Crescimento/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma/patologia , Apoptose , Proliferação de Células
3.
Med Oncol ; 39(12): 236, 2022 Sep 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36175715

RESUMO

Bladder cancer is a prominent cancer worldwide with a relatively low survival rate for patients with increased stage and metastasis. Current treatments are based on surgical removal, bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Immunotherapy, and platinum-based chemotherapy. However, treatment resistance due to genetic instability of bladder tumors, as well as intolerance to treatment adverse effects leads to the necessity to further treatment options. New advancements in immunotherapy are on the rise for treatment of various cancers and specifically has shown promise in the treatment of bladder cancer. This review summarizes these new advancements in treatment options involving cytokines and cytokine blockade. Such a study might be helpful for urologists to manage patients with bladder cancer more effectively.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária , Vacina BCG/uso terapêutico , Citocinas , Humanos , Fatores Imunológicos , Imunoterapia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/terapia
4.
Med Oncol ; 39(3): 32, 2022 Jan 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35059896

RESUMO

To investigate the effects of isolated SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on prostate cancer cell survival. The effects of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on LNCaP prostate cancer cell survival were assessed using clonogenic cell survival assay, quick cell proliferation assay, and caspase-3 activity kits. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to investigate underlying molecular mechanisms. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was found to inhibit prostate cancer cell proliferation as well as promote apoptosis. Further investigation revealed that anti-proliferative effects were associated with downregulation of the pro-proliferative molecule cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). The increased rate of apoptosis was associated with the upregulation of pro-apoptotic molecule Fas ligand (FasL). SARS-CoV-2 spike protein inhibits the growth of LNCaP prostate cancer cells in vitro by a two-pronged approach of downregulating the expression of CDK4 and upregulating FasL. The introduction of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein into the body via COVID-19 vaccination may have the potential to inhibit prostate cancer in patients. This potential beneficial association between COVID-19 vaccines and prostate cancer inhibition will require more extensive studies before any conclusions can be drawn about any in vivo effects in a human model.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19/imunologia , Proliferação de Células/fisiologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/imunologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Apoptose/imunologia , COVID-19/imunologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/imunologia , Regulação para Baixo/imunologia , Humanos , Masculino , Regulação para Cima/imunologia , Vacinação/métodos
5.
Anticancer Res ; 41(12): 5945-5951, 2021 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34848448

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Melanoma is the deadliest variant of skin cancer and its incidence continues to increase. There are limited treatment options for advanced and metastatic cases of melanoma, despite advances in immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Melanoma is notorious as a radioresistant tumor. Previous studies found that phytochemicals, such as resveratrol and those found in green tea and blueberry, can sensitize various cancer cells, including melanoma, to radiotherapy. Our previous study also revealed that kiwifruit extract (KE) has antitumor activity to melanoma cells. This study was designed to expand upon our previous investigation and determine KE's potential as a radiosensitizer on CRL-11147 melanoma cancer cells and elucidate the possible mechanisms behind its potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Proliferation and apoptosis of CRL-11147 melanoma cells under radiation therapy (RT) plus KE versus RT alone were investigated using Proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining, quick cell proliferation assay, clonogenic assay, and caspase-3 activity assay. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were then used to investigate the mechanisms behind the observed results. RESULTS: The percentage of CRL-11147 colonies, PCNA staining intensity, and the optic density value of CRL-11147 cells decreased with RT/KE vs. RT alone. Relative caspase-3 activity was increased with RT/KE vs. RT alone. Increased expression of the anti-proliferative molecule p27 and pro-apoptotic molecule TRAILR1 correlated with the anti-tumor effect seen in the RT/KE group versus the RT alone group. CONCLUSION: KE augments radiosensitivity of CRL-11147 by up-regulating both p27 and TRAILR1 to inhibit proliferation and increase apoptosis, respectively.


Assuntos
Actinidia/química , Frutas/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Radiossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Melanoma/genética , Melanoma/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/química , Radiossensibilizantes/química
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