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1.
Nat Commun ; 11(1): 509, 2020 01 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31980642

RESUMO

The use of renewable feedstock is one of the twelve key principles of sustainable chemistry. Unfortunately, bio-based compounds often suffer from high production cost and low performance. To fully tap the potential of natural compounds it is important to utilize their functionalities that could make them superior compared to fossil-based resources. Here we show the conversion of (+)-3-carene, a by-product of the cellulose industry into ε-lactams from which polyamides. The lactams are selectively prepared in two diastereomeric configurations, leading to semi-crystalline or amorphous, transparent polymers that can compete with the thermal properties of commercial high-performance polyamides. Copolyamides with caprolactam and laurolactam exhibit an increased glass transition and amorphicity compared to the homopolyamides, potentially broadening the scope of standard polyamides. A four-step one-vessel monomer synthesis, applying chemo-enzymatic catalysis for the initial oxidation step, is established. The great potential of the polyamides is outlined.


Assuntos
Nylons/química , Cromatografia em Gel , Cristalização , Cristalografia por Raios X , Lactamas/química , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Conformação Molecular , Nylons/síntese química , Polimerização , Estereoisomerismo , Temperatura
2.
Macromol Rapid Commun ; 40(11): e1800903, 2019 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30892749

RESUMO

The synthesis and polymerization of two ß-lactams and two ε-lactams derived from the terpenes α-pinene and (+)-3-carene are reported. The new biopolymers can be considered as polyamide 2 (PA2) and polyamide 6 (PA6)-types with aliphatic stereoregular side chains, which lead to remarkable new properties. The macromolecules are investigated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and infrared (IR). The (+)-3-carene-derived PA6-type is of particular interest, since it reaches a molecular weight of over 30 kDa, which is the highest value for lactam-based polyamides derived from terpenes reported to date. Additionally, a glass transition temperature (Tg ) of 120 °C is observed, surpassing the glass transition temperature of PA6 by 60 °C. The absence of a melting point (Tm ) indicates high amorphicity, another novelty for terpene-based polyamides, which might give transparent bio-polyamides access to new fields of application.


Assuntos
Lactamas/química , Lactamas/síntese química , Monoterpenos/química , Nylons/química , Terpenos/química , Monoterpenos Bicíclicos , Peso Molecular , Polimerização , Temperatura , Temperatura de Transição
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