Metacarpophalangeal joint reconstruction using a costal osteochondral graft: A case report.

RATIONALE: The conventional treatment of giant cell tumors is intralesional curettage with local adjuvant therapy. Because hand tumors have a high local recurrence, the primary goal for treating tumors of the hand is to eradicate the lesion. PATIENT CONCERNS: To preserve the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint function as well as avoid further recurrence after surgery. DIAGNOSES: The giant cell tumor invades the patient's MCP joint in an index proximal phalanx. INTERVENTIONS: Using computer-aided design and three-dimensional printing techniques, we reformed the original shapes of the MCP joint and its peripheral bone to replica models. The surgeon then performed an en bloc resection and proximal phalanx with MCP joint reconstruction by fabricating the patient's costal osteochondral graft during the operation. OUTCOMES: After 6 months of rehabilitation, the patient's finger functions could pinch and grasp objects naturally. At the 1-year follow-up, the range of motion of the MCP, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal joints improved from flexion of 35° to 60°, 75° to 85°, and 60° to 80°, respectively. The hand function achieved the mean performance of non-preferred hands for young females at the postoperative 3-year follow-up. LESSONS: The customized prototyping technique has the potential to replica the original patient's bony graft to reach the goal of minimizing the defects at the donor site and maximizing the function of the reconstructed MCP joint.

Chronic inhalation of H2S in low concentration induces immunotoxicity and inflammatory effects in lung tissue of rats.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a typical odour compound mainly causing respiratory and central nervous system symptoms. However, the immunotoxicity of inhaled H2S and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, a low-dose inhalation exposure to H2S was arranged to observe inflammatory response and immunotoxicity in lung tissue of rats. Low concentrations of H2S exposure affected the immune level of pulmonary tissue and peripheral blood. Significant pathological changes in lung tissue in the exposure group were observed. At low concentration, H2S not only induced the upregulation of AQP-4 and MMP-9 expression but also stimulated immune responses, initiating various anti-inflammatory and inflammatory factors, altering tissue homeostatic environments. The TNF and chemokine signaling pathway played an important role which can promote the deterioration of pulmonary inflammatory processes and lead to lung injury and fibrosis. Excessive immune response causes an inflammatory effect and blood-gas barrier damage. These data will be of value in evaluating future occupational health risks and providing technical support for the further development of reliable, sensitive, and easy-to-use screening indicators of exposure injury.

Development of the ARDS-derived gene panel for lung adenocarcinoma prognosis stratification and experiment validation of CCL20 expression.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition characterized by lung inflammation and high mortality rates. Lung cancer, specifically lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), is a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Patients with LUAD, particularly those undergoing chemotherapy, are more likely to develop ARDS. ARDS inflicts major malfunctioning in the immune system. We suspected a certain shared pathogenic mechanism between these diseases. This study analyzed 503 LUAD patients from the TCGA-LUAD cohort as the training set, 85 LUAD cases from the GSE30219 cohort as the validation set, and 24 RNA-seq samples from ARDS mice model and control groups in the GSE2411 cohort. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of ARDS were analyzed using the limma package and screened by Cox and Lasso analysis. ssGSEA and xCell algorithms were utilized for immune landscaping. RT-qPCR analysis was used to determine the mRNA levels of key genes in both the LPS-induced ARDS model and human LUAD cell lines. We identified DEGs between ARDS and control groups, which were highly associated with cytokine production and leukocyte migration. A prognosis model for LUAD patients was developed based on the expressions of the key genes in the ARDS-derived DEGs, including FMO3, IL1R2, CCL20, CFTR, and GADD45G. A satisfactory efficacy was observed in both the training and validation cohorts. The model demonstrated increased effectiveness in predicting the intratumor immune profile and mutation status of LUAD. Moreover, we utilized LPS to induce the ARDS model, which resulted in elevated expressions of IL1R2 and CCL20. Additionally, CCL20 was upregulated in cancerous LUAD cell lines. We developed an ARDS-based model for stratifying LUAD prognosis. CCL20 was found to be elevated in both the ARDS model and LUAD, suggesting a shared underlying mechanism of these two diseases.

A Two-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study of Cerium Nitrate in Sprague-Dawley Rats.

A two-generation reproductive toxicity study was performed to evaluate the effects of cerium nitrate on the development of the parent, offspring, and third generation of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. A total of 240 SD rats (30 rats/sex/group) were randomly divided into four dosage groups according to body weight: 0 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, 90 mg/kg, and 270 mg/kg. The rats were administered different dosages of cerium nitrate by oral gavage. There were no observed changes related to cerium nitrate in body weight, food consumption, sperm survival rate, motility, mating rate, conception rate, abortion rate, uterine plus fetal weight, uterine weight, corpus luteum number, implantation rate, live fetus number (rate), stillbirth number (rate), absorbed fetus number (rate), appearance, visceral, and skeletal in rats of each generation dosage group. In addition, the pathological findings showed no significant lesions associated with cerium nitrate toxicity in all tissues and organs, including reproductive organs. In conclusion, the present study showed that long-term oral gavage of cerium nitrate at 30 mg/kg, 90 mg/kg, and 270 mg/kg had no significant effect on reproduction and the developmental ability of their offspring in rats. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of cerium nitrate in SD rats was higher than 270 mg/kg.

Songorine inhibits oxidative stress-related inflammation through PI3K/AKT/NRF2 signaling pathway to alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced septic acute lung injury.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to investigate the protective action and mechanism of songorine on sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS: The sepsis-induced ALI mouse and cell models were established by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction. Lung injury was assayed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, lung injury score, and lung wet-to-dry (W/D) weight ratio. Apoptosis in lung tissues was evaluated by TUNEL assay, and the expression of apoptosis-related markers (Bcl2, Bax, and caspase-3) was measured by western blotting. Levels of pro-inflammatory factors and oxidative stress markers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice were measured by ELISA and RT-qPCR. The expression of PI3K/AKT/NRF2 pathway-related proteins was analyzed by western blotting. RESULTS: Songorine treatment at 40 mg/kg mitigated sepsis-induced ALI, characterized by improved histopathology, lung injury score, and lung W/D weight ratio (p < 0.05). Moreover, songorine markedly attenuated sepsis-induced apoptosis in lung tissues; this was evidenced by an increase in Bcl2 levels and a decrease in Bax and caspase-3 levels (p < 0.01). Also, songorine reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ß and MPO) and oxidative stress regulators (SOD and GSH) in the BALF of LPS-induced sepsis mice and RAW264.7 cells (p < 0.05). In addition, songorine upregulated the PI3K/AKT/NRF2 pathway-related proteins in LPS-induced sepsis mice and RAW264.7 cells (p < 0.05). Furthermore, LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) treatment reversed the protective effect of songorine on sepsis-induced ALI. CONCLUSION: Songorine inhibits oxidative stress-related inflammation in sepsis-induced ALI via the activation of the PI3K/AKT/NRF2 signaling pathway.

The cytokinin receptor OHK4/OsHK4 regulates inflorescence architecture in rice via an IDEAL PLANT ARCHITECTURE1/WEALTHY FARMER'S PANICLE-mediated positive feedback circuit.

Inflorescence architecture is important for rice (Oryza sativa) grain yield. The phytohormone cytokinin (CK) has been shown to regulate rice inflorescence development; however, the underlying mechanism mediated by CK perception is still unclear. Employing a forward genetic approach, we isolated an inactive variant of the CK receptor OHK4/OsHK4 gene named panicle length1, which shows decreased panicle size due to reduced inflorescence meristem (IM) activity. A 2-amino acid deletion in the long α-helix stalk of the sensory module of OHK4 impairs the homodimerization and ligand-binding capacity of the receptor, even though the residues do not touch the ligand-binding domain or the dimerization interface. This deletion impairs CK signaling that occurs through the type-B response regulator OsRR21, which acts downstream of OHK4 in controlling inflorescence size. Meanwhile, we found that IDEAL PLANT ARCHITECTURE1(IPA1)/WEALTHY FARMER'S PANICLE (WFP), encoding a positive regulator of IM development, acts downstream of CK signaling and is directly activated by OsRR21. Additionally, we revealed that IPA1/WFP directly binds to the OHK4 promoter and upregulates its expression through interactions with 2 TCP transcription factors, forming a positive feedback circuit. Altogether, we identified the OHK4-OsRR21-IPA1 regulatory module, providing important insights into the role of CK signaling in regulating rice inflorescence architecture.

Diallyl trisulfide ameliorates bone loss and alters specific gut microbiota and serum metabolites in natural aging mice.

Aging is a major cause of bone loss and osteoporosis. Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), one of the main organic sulfides in garlic oil, has been shown to alleviate arthritis in mice. However, further research is still needed to determine how DATS affects bone formation and bone loss in aging mice. Here, we established a mouse model of natural aging for dietary DATS intervention. DATS treatment improved the bone microstructure, including the disorganized arrangement of bone trabeculae and promoted collagen synthesis, as confirmed by micro-CT and histological analyses. The abundance of beneficial bacteria for bone formation, such as Clostridiaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae, and the microbial diversity and community richness were all altered by DATS, according to 16S rRNA sequencing data. 14 potential biomarkers and 9 important metabolic pathways were examined using serum metabolomics analysis. Additionally, there has been a significant reduction in sphingosine, which is directly associated with bone metabolism. The level of sphingosine and relative abundance of Clostridium were found to be negatively correlated by correlation analysis, indicating that bacteria may regulate bone reconstruction via influencing metabolites. Furthermore, Runx2 and ß-catenin gene expression levels increased in bones, which may be related to the ameliorative mechanism of DATS. Our results suggested that DATS may prevent age-related bone loss by upregulating osteogenic gene expression through altering gut microbes and serum metabolism.

Food waste anaerobic digestion plants: Underestimated air pollutants and control strategy.

Food waste management is an important global issue, and anaerobic digestion (AD) is a sustainable technology for treating food waste and developing a circular economy. Odor and health problems in AD plants have drawn increasing public attention. Therefore, this study investigated the odor characteristics and health risks in different workshops of food waste AD plants. At each site, the treatment capacities for kitchen and restaurant waste were 200 and 200-250 tons per day, respectively. Among the detected odorants, ethanol was the dominant component in terms of concentrations, while methanethiol, propanethiol, H2S, and acetaldehyde were the major odor contributors in different workshops. The odor contribution of propanethiol had been previously overlooked in several workshops. The unloading, pretreatment, and bio-hydrolysis workshops were identified as major areas requiring odor control. Besides odor, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks commonly existed in food waste AD plants. The carcinogenic risk of acetaldehyde had been underestimated previously, and it was identified as the dominant carcinogen. Furthermore, benzene was a potential carcinogen. Non-carcinogenic risks were mainly caused by acetaldehyde, H2S, and ethyl acetate. The health risks were not always consistent with odor nuisance. Based on the odor and health risk assessments, several air pollution control strategies for food waste AD plants were proposed, including food waste source control, in-situ pollution control, and ex-situ pollution control.

Chronic exposure to UVB induces nephritis and gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice based on the integration of renal transcriptome profiles and 16S rRNA sequencing data.

Ultraviolet (UV) is a common and abundant environmental factor that affects daily life. Although the effects of UV radiation on the skin have been extensively reported, studies on the influence of UV radiation on internal organs are still limited. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of UVB exposure on the kidney of mice and to investigate the possible mechanism. In the present study, histopathology changes, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response were used to evaluate the kidney and colon injury induced by UVB exposure. The results showed that the 14-week chronic skin exposure to UVB triggers a kidney injury response characterized by macrophage infiltration, elevated oxidative stress as well as inflammatory and injury markers. The RNA sequencing demonstrated that chronic UVB exposure could alter the kidney transcriptomic profile distinguished by the regulation of genes involved in the Notch signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and ECM-receptor interaction. Besides, chronic UVB exposure also resulted in gut dysbiosis, manifested as colon macrophage infiltration, stimulated inflammatory responses, impaired barrier integrity, and microbiota structural and functional disorders. The Spearman analysis results further revealed a strong correlation between gut microbiota and kidney injury. In conclusion, skin chronic exposure to UVB causes nephritis and gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice, and these findings provide new insight into the underlying risks of chronic UVB exposure to human wellness.

Combining Laminoplasty With Artificial Disc Replacement for the Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy With Congenital Cervical Stenosis.

BACKGROUND: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a very common and devastating spinal disease. Congenital cervical stenosis (CCS) is the most common cause. We aimed to elucidate the security, effectivity, and feasibility of surgery combining laminoplasty with artificial disc replacement (ADR) to treat CSM patients with radiculopathy, especially for preserving the range of motion (ROM) of the cervical spine. METHOD: Between August 2008 and April 2019, 39 patients with multiple CSM caused by CCS were enrolled in the present study. All patients received laminoplasty first and then ADR. We used a retrospective collection of data for evaluating the functional and radiologic outcomes, especially regarding preservation of ROM. RESULTS: Each patient underwent at least a 2-year postoperative follow-up. The Japanese Orthopedic Association score showed great improvements at 6 months. The ADR index-level ROM was preserved during follow-up. The subaxial Cobb angle could also be retained in the whole cervical spine, and the spinal canal diameter could be expanded by more than 52.6%. There were no severe complications or side effects, and no patients needed secondary surgery. CONCLUSIONS: We aimed to treat multiple levels of CSM with adequate decompression without too many intervertebral disc replacements. We were able to expand the spinal canal directly for these patients with CCS and needed only 1- or 2-level ADR to treat them with associated radiculopathy. This combined surgical strategy was secure, effective, and was able to preserve the ROM of the cervical spine.

Cedrol, a Major Component of Cedarwood Oil, Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice.

SCOPE: Excellent health-promoting effects of cedrol (CED), including anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, and antinociceptive effects, have been reported. The present study aims to investigate the preventive effects of CED on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and the related metabolic syndrome, and to delineate the underlying mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ten-week-old C57BL/6J mice are fed chow, HFD, or HFD supplemented with CED (0.2% w/w) for 19 weeks. Results demonstrate that CED effectively reduces HFD-induced body weight gain, decreases visceral fat pad weight, and significantly prevents adipocyte hypertrophy in mice. HFD-induced hepatic steatosis, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and gluconeogenesis are ameliorated by CED supplementation. 16S rRNA analysis reveals that CED does not change gut microbiota composition at the phylum and genus levels, indicating that CED may have limited effects on gut microbiota in HFD-fed mice. Further transcriptome analysis of epididymal white adipose tissue reveals reprogrammed RNA profiles by CED. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that incorporating CED in the diet can prevent HFD-induced obesity and related metabolic syndrome, and highlight that CED can be a promising dietary component for obesity therapeutic intervention.

Rice kinesin-related protein STD1 and microtubule-associated protein MAP65-5 cooperatively control microtubule bundling.

MAIN CONCLUSIONS: STD1 specifically interacts with MAP65-5 in rice and they cooperatively control microtubule bundles in phragmoplast expansion during cell division. Microtubules play critical roles during the cell cycle progression in the plant cell. We previously reported that STEMLESS DWARF 1 (STD1), a kinesin-related protein, was localized specifically to the phragmoplast midzone during telophase to regulate the lateral expansion of phragmoplast in rice (Oryza sativa). However, how STD1 regulates microtubule organization remains unknown. Here, we found that STD1 interacted directly with MAP65-5, a member of the microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). Both STD1 and MAP65-5 could form homodimers and bundle microtubules individually. Compared with MAP65-5, the microtubules bundled by STD1 were disassembled completely into single microtubules after adding ATP. Conversely, the interaction of STD1 with MAP65-5 enhanced the microtubule bundling. These results suggest STD1 and MAP65-5 might cooperatively regulate microtubule organization in the phragmoplast at telophase.

A Symmetry-Based Superposition Method for Planning and Surgical Outcome Assessment.

Computer-aided surgical planning has been widely used to increase the safety and predictability of surgery. The validation of the target of surgical planning to surgical outcomes on a patient-specific model is an important issue. The aim of this research was to develop a robust superposition method to assess the deviation of planning and outcome by using the symmetrical characteristic of the affected target. The optimal symmetry plane (OSP) of an object is usually used to evaluate the degree of symmetry of an object. We proposed a refined OSP-based contouring method to transfer a complex three-dimensional superposition operation into two dimensions. We compared the typical iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm with the refined OSP-based contouring method and examined the differences between them. The results using the OSP-based method were much better than the traditional method. As for processing time, the OSP-based contouring method was 11 times faster than the ICP method overall. The proposed method was not affected by the metallic artifacts from medical imaging or geometric changes due to surgical intervention. This technique can be applied for post-operative assessment, such as quantifying the differences between surgical targets and outcomes as well as performing long-term medical follow-up.

The gut odorant receptor and taste receptor make sense of dietary components: A focus on gut hormone secretion.

Odorant receptors (ORs) and taste receptors (TRs) are expressed primarily in the nose and tongue in which they transduce electrical signals to the brain. Advances in deciphering the dietary component-sensing mechanisms in the nose and tongue prompted research on the role of gut chemosensory cells. Acting as the pivotal interface between the body and dietary cues, gut cells "smell" and "taste" dietary components and metabolites by taking advantage of chemoreceptors-ORs and TRs, to maintain physiological homeostasis. Here, we reviewed this novel field, highlighting the latest discoveries pertinent to gut ORs and TRs responding to dietary components, their impacts on gut hormone secretion, and the mechanisms involved. Recent studies indicate that gut cells sense dietary components including fatty acid, carbohydrate, and phytochemical by activating relevant ORs, thereby modulating GLP-1, PYY, CCK, and 5-HT secretion. Similarly, gut sweet, umami, and bitter receptors can regulate the gut hormone secretion and maintain homeostasis in response to dietary components. A deeper understanding of the favorable influence of dietary components on gut hormone secretion via gut ORs and TRs, coupled with the facts that gut hormones are involved in diverse physiological or pathophysiological phenomena, may ultimately lead to a promising treatment for various human diseases.

Effect of the pseudomonas metabolites HQNO on the Toxoplasma gondii RH strain in vitro and in vivo.

Toxoplasmosis is a widespread disease in humans and animals. Currently, toxoplasmosis chemotherapy options are limited due to severe side effects. There is an urgent need to develop new drugs with better efficacy and few side effects. HQNO, a cytochrome bc1 and type II NADH inhibitor in eukaryotes and bacteria, possesses extensive bioactivity. In this study, the cytotoxicity of HQNO was evaluated in Vero cells. The in vitro effects of HQNO were determined by plaque assay and qPCR assay. To determine the in vivo effect of HQNO, pharmacokinetic experiments and in vivo infection assays were performed in mice. The changes in tachyzoites after HQNO exposure were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), MitoTracker Red CMXRos staining, ROS detection and ATP detection. HQNO inhibited T. gondii invasion and proliferation with an EC50 of 0.995 µM. Pharmacokinetic experiments showed that the Cmax of HQNO (20 mg/kg·bw) was 3560 ± 1601 ng/mL (13.73 µM) in healthy BALB/c mouse plasma with no toxicity in vivo. Moreover, HQNO induced a significant decrease in the parasite burden load of T. gondii in mouse peritoneum. TEM revealed alterations in the mitochondria of T. gondii. Further assays verified that HQNO also decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and ATP levels and enhanced the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in T. gondii. Hence, HQNO exerted anti-T. gondii activity, which may be related to the damage to the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC).

Effects of environmental factors on selenite volatilization by freshwater microalgae.

The accumulation and volatilization of Se by algae in surface water are important parts of the biogeochemical cycle of selenium but are also variable and complex. Experiments with 5-8 day of exposure under various temperatures, solution pH values, lighting regimes, and different initial Se concentrations were carried out to study the change in Se accumulation and volatilization behavior of algae. The study showed that algae accumulated and volatilized more Se under harsher environments, such as a lower pH, a shorter lighting time, and a higher Se load. The maximum average daily volatilization rate of Se was 234 ± 23 µg Se (g algae·d)-1, much greater than the values of previous studies. Therefore, in some Se-polluted water environments, when the pH of lakes is acidic, Se emissions to the atmosphere are much higher than currently estimated. Both the accumulation rate (Raccu) and volatilization rate (Rvol) of Se by algae were significantly negatively correlated with final pH, final OD, and residual Se in solution (Cres). Moreover, multiple linear regression equations were used to estimate the rates of Se accumulation and volatilization. This study provides theoretical basis data to quantify the contribution of selenium metabolism by algae to selenium biogeochemistry and a technical reference for the treatment of Se-containing wastewater.

Ectopic odorant receptors responding to flavor compounds in skin health and disease: Current insights and future perspectives.

Skin, the largest organ of human body, acts as a barrier to protect body from the external environment and is exposed to a myriad of flavor compounds, especially food- and plant essential oil-derived odorant compounds. Skin cells are known to express various chemosensory receptors, such as transient potential receptors, adenosine triphosphate receptors, taste receptors, and odorant receptors (ORs). We aim to provide a review of this rapidly developing field and discuss latest discoveries related to the skin ORs activated by flavor compounds, their impacts on skin health and disease, odorant ligands interacting with ORs exerting specific biological effects, and the mechanisms involved. ORs are recently found to be expressed in skin tissue and cells, such as keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts. To date, several ectopic skin ORs responding to flavor compounds, are involved in different skin biological processes, such as wound healing, hair growth, melanin regulation, pressure stress, skin barrier function, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis. The recognition of physiological role of skin ORs, combined with the fact that ORs belong to a highly druggable protein family (G protein-coupled receptors), underscores the potential of skin ORs responding to flavor compounds as a novel regulating strategy for skin health and disease.

Understanding the mechanism underlying the anti-diabetic effect of dietary component: a focus on gut microbiota.

Diabetes has become one of the biggest non-communicable diseases and threatens human health worldwide. The management of diabetes is a complex and multifaceted process including drug therapy and lifestyle interventions. Dietary components are essential for both diabetes management and health and survival of trillions of the gut microbiota (GM). Herein, we will discuss the relationship between diets and GM, the mechanism linking diabetes and gut dysbiosis, and the effects of dietary components (nutrients, phytochemicals, probiotics, food additives, etc.) on diabetes from the perspective of modulating GM. The GM of diabetic patients differs from that of health individuals and GM disorder contributes to the onset and maintenance of diabetes. Studies in humans and animal models consolidate that dietary component is a key regulator of diabetes and increasing evidence suggests that the alteration of GM plays a salient role in dietary interventions for diabetes. Given that diabetes is a major public health issue, especially that diabetes is linked with a high risk of mortality from COVID-19, this review provides compelling evidence for that targeting GM by dietary components is a promising strategy, and offers new insights into potential preventive or therapeutic approaches (dietary and pharmacological intervention) for the clinical management of diabetes.

An Automatic Voxel-Based Method for Optimal Symmetry Plane Generation for the Maxillofacial Region in Severe Asymmetry Cases.

Symmetry is representative of aesthetics and health in all kinds of vertebrates, especially the human face. Therefore, to automatically locate the appropriate symmetry plane is crucial. The aim of this study was to develop an automatic and reliable method to determine the symmetry plane of the maxillofacial region. We compared the proposed method of determining the symmetry plane by assessing landmark-based and surface-based methods by way of quantitative symmetry assessments. Statistical analysis was applied to evaluate whether significant difference existed among these three kinds of symmetry planes. Twenty cases who had a diagnosis of severe facial asymmetry were evaluated retrospectively. The results showed that searching for the symmetry plane using a voxel-based method, named the optimal symmetry plane (OSP), achieved the most representative symmetry according to the outcomes of the trials. The OSP was significantly more symmetrical than the other two planes, as determined by other methods. The paired-voxel computation method proposed in this research is a robust and reliable method for identifying the unique symmetry plane for patients with severe facial asymmetry. Symmetry is of crucial significance for all kinds of vertebrates, including its clinical implications for surgical planning in orthognathic surgery.

Serum Raman spectroscopy combined with multiple classification models for rapid diagnosis of breast cancer.

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest incidence rate in women. Current diagnostic methods are time-consuming, costly, and dependent on physician experience. In this study, we used serum Raman spectroscopy combined with multiple classification algorithms to implement an auxiliary diagnosis method for breast cancer, which will help in the early diagnosis of breast cancer patients. We analyzed the serum Raman spectra of 171 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and 100 healthy volunteers; The analysis showed differences in nucleic acids, carotenoids, amino acids, and lipid concentrations in their blood. These differences provide a theoretical basis for this experiment. First, we used adaptive iteratively reweighted penalized least squares (airPLS) and Savitzky-Golay (SG) for baseline correction and smoothing denoising to remove the effect of noise on the experiment. Then, the Principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm was used to extract features. Finally, we built four classification models: support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and Neural Network Language Model (NNLM). The LDA, SVM, and NNLM achieve 100% accuracy. As supplementary, we added the classification experiment of the raw data. By comparing the experimental results of the two groups, We concluded that the NNLM was the best model. The results show the reliability of the combination of serum Raman spectroscopy and classification models under large sample conditions.