Does the EU emissions trading system help reduce PM2.5 damage? A research based on PSM-DID method.

Air quality issues, especially haze pollution, have become an important aspect that threatens the sustainable development and health of human beings. Previous studies on the environmental effects of emissions trading system (ETS) mainly focused on carbon emission reduction, instead of focusing on the synergistic governance effect between carbon emission and PM2.5 reduction. Based on the PSM-DID method and the World Development Index (WDI) database, this paper examines whether the EU ETS has a spillover effect on PM2.5 damage reduction, and discusses the related impact mechanisms. The research results show that the EU ETS promotes the reduction of PM2.5 damage, and in different phases of implementation, the impact of the EU ETS on the reduction of PM2.5 damage has a dynamic effect. The robustness test results also show that the research conclusions of this paper are highly reliable. Finally, this paper gives relevant policy suggestions, which can encourage countries to achieve carbon emission reduction targets while helping to reduce PM2.5 damage, and eventually achieve a win-win situation between economic growth and environmental improvement.

Does ecological compensation have a spillover effect on industrial structure upgrading? Evidence from China based on a multi-stage dynamic DID approach.

China's rapid economic development has led to increasingly serious environmental problems, such as the deterioration of its ecology in important river basins. Adjusting the industrial structure through the mechanism of ecological compensation (EC) is a key measure for solving this economic and environmental dilemma. Early research on the impact of ecological compensation mechanisms has mainly focused on evaluating their performance in terms of the ecological environment, with little empirical evidence. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the economic effects of ecological compensation mechanisms in order to achieve sustainable economic and environmental development. Based on panel data from the Xin'an River Basin in China from 2009 to 2018, a multistage dynamic difference-in-differences (DID) model was constructed to systematically study the impact of the ecological compensation mechanism on the upgrading of the industrial structure. The research results show that due to the implementation of the policy, the industrial structure in pilot ecological compensation areas tends to be rational and advanced. The ecological compensation policy has dynamic effects on the upgrading of the industrial structure during the different stages of its implementation. This study is conducive to further enriching the relevant theories and practices underlying the study of ecological compensation mechanisms. At the same time, this paper provides operational suggestions for ecological protection, the adjustment of the industrial structure, and the formulation of relevant macroeconomic policies.