Angiography in pediatric patients: Measurement and estimation of femoral vessel diameter.

The diameter of femoral vessels was angiographically explored in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) and compared with anthropometric and demographic indexes.A total of 153 pediatric patients younger than 3 years old were recruited. The sex, age, weight, and height of patients were recorded daily, and the body surface area (BSA) was calculated with the Mosteller formula.The values of mean left-right diameters were 3.13 (0.32) mm for the femoral artery (FA) and 5.14 (0.68) mm for the femoral vein (FV). The FA diameter (FA-Dm) and FV diameter (FV-Dm) were clearly related (R = 0.84, P < .001), and the FA-Dm/FV-Dm ratio ranged from 0.61 to 0.622. The diameters of femoral vessels were significantly correlated with age, height, weight and BSA (R = 0.63 to 0.73, P < .001). The FA-Dm and FV-Dm were most closely associated with the height of patients (FA-Dm: R = 0.73, P < .001; FV-Dm: R = 0.69, P < .001).The FV-Dm and FA-Dm were consistent with the weight, height, age and BSA in the surveyed pediatric patients. The FA-Dm and FV-Dm were closely associated with the height of pediatric patients. Furthermore, the FA-Dm/FV-Dm ratio was stable in these patients. Such estimations could help clinicians select the appropriate diameter of cannulation needles and catheters for interventional therapy pediatric patients with CHD.

Indole-3-Acetic Acid in Burkholderia pyrrocinia JK-SH007: Enzymatic Identification of the Indole-3-Acetamide Synthesis Pathway.

Burkholderia pyrrocinia JK-SH007 is a plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), that can promote the growth of poplar and other trees, and, production of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is one of the reasons for this effect. Therefore, the aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of the external environment on the synthesis of IAA by B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007 and to perform a functional analysis of its IAA synthesis pathway. In this study, IAA and its synthetic intermediates indole-3-acetamide (IAM), indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPyA), tryptamine (TAM), and indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) were detected in B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007 fermentation broth by high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), and these indolic compounds were also found in the cell-free extraction of B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007, but the genomic analysis of B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007 indicated that IAA biosynthesis was mainly through the IAM and TAM pathways. The effects of L-tryptophan (L-Trp), temperature and pH on the synthesis of IAA were investigated, and the results showed that L-Trp exerted a significant effect on IAA synthesis and that 37°C and pH 7 were the optimal conditions IAA production by B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007. In addition, the protein expression of tryptophan 2-monooxygenase and indoleacetamide hydrolase, which are the key enzymes of the indole acetamide-mediated IAA synthesis pathway, was analyzed, and their activity was verified by substrate feeding experiments. The results revealed the existence of an IAA synthesis pathway mediated by IAM and indicated that this pathway plays a role in B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007. This study lays the foundation for further exploration of the specific pathway and mechanism of IAA synthesis in B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007.