What do Brazilian paediatric dentists know about bruxism in children? Cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: Little is known about the knowledge of paediatric dentists on bruxism in children. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the knowledge of paediatric dentists on the concept, associated factors of bruxism and management of sleep bruxism (SB) in children'. METHODS: An electronic questionnaire was sent to paediatric dentists in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Information was collected on (1) characteristics of the participants; (2) the concept of bruxism; (3) diagnosis; (4) associated factors; (5) strategies for the management of SB; and (6) updated knowledge on bruxism in children. The data were analysed descriptively. RESULTS: Fifty-seven paediatric dentists participated (10.7% of the total number of professionals). A high level of agreement was found with statements on the concepts of SB (94.7%) and awake bruxism (96.5%). The main strategy for the diagnosis was the combination of a parental report and a clinical examination (79.0%). Most participants indicated that bruxism is associated with anxiety/stress (96.5%), screen use (93%), airway obstruction (91.2%), and sleep apnoea (91.2%). In suspected cases of bruxism, the dentists would send the child for assessment by other health care providers (87.7%). The management options frequently indicated were the use of an occlusal splint, aromatherapy, and homeopathy. More than 70% of them considered themselves to be updated on the issue and sought information through scientific articles and discussions with colleagues. CONCLUSION: Paediatric dentists have knowledge on the concept of bruxism and associated factors. However, further information is needed on the management of this condition in children.

Parents' acceptance of minimal intervention procedures for dental caries management in children: a scoping review.

PURPOSE: In recent years, minimal intervention procedures (MIPs) for treating dental caries in children have stood out as an innovative method. Nevertheless, the treatment decision should be based on scientific evidence, professional expertise, and parents' preference/acceptance. Evaluating the acceptance of MIPs by parents is an essential factor, but little information is available on what guides this preference. METHODS: This scoping review aims to synthesize the evidence on parents'/caregivers' acceptance of MIP for managing cavitated caries lesions in children. A search was performed in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Lilacs and Google Scholar databases with no restriction on date or language. RESULTS: A total of 19 articles were selected (6 clinical trials, 1 longitudinal and 12 cross-sectional studies). The application of silver diamino fluoride (SDF) was the most commonly evaluated procedure (n = 17), followed by the atraumatic restorative technique (ART) and the Hall Technique (HT). The acceptance of MIPs ranged from 1.4% to 100%, and the application of SDF was better accepted in posterior teeth and in uncooperative children. ART had better aesthetic acceptance than HT. CONCLUSION: Application of SDF, Hall Technique and ART was well accepted by parents/caregivers. However, a gap remains in the literature regarding the acceptance of other procedures. Therefore, further studies in this area will contribute toward a better understanding of the opinion of parents/caregivers, and thus improve caries lesion management in children.

Nociception associated with pain/distress in young children sedated for dental treatment: a clinical study with objective and subjective measures.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between children's pain/distress levels and patient characteristics (age, sex, history of dental pain), sedation type (level of sedation, sedative regimen), nociception and pain intensity reported by the parents in sedated children undergoing minimally invasive dental treatment. METHODS: This clinical study evaluated secondary outcomes of an RCT that evaluated the efficacy of dexmedetomidine sedation with or without ketamine. Only children who had nociception levels recorded using the Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) were included (0-100; 0 = highest nociception). FLACC scale (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability) was used to assess children's pain/distress (0-10; 0 = no pain/distress). Parental proxy report of the child's pain intensity during the treatment was performed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS; 0-100; 0 = no pain). The association between ANI, children's age and sex, dental pain history, sedation level, sedative regimen, and VAS with the FLACC was verified using the generalised estimation equation analysis (alpha 0.05). RESULTS: Participants were 31 children (51.6% boys) and their parents (90.3% mothers). Median FLACC was 3.3 (25th-75th percentiles 1.7-8.2), ANI 80.9 (74.7-85.8), and VAS 10 (1-23). FLACC associated with ANI (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.93-0.99; p = 0.02), moderate sedation (0.13; 0.03-0.50; p = 0.003), and VAS (1.05; 1.01-1.10; p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Pain/distress was generally low and more prominent with minimal (versus moderate) sedation and higher nociception.

Perception on phone medical report to family members of patients admitted by COVID-19 to emergency observation rooms of a tertiary hospital: A cross-sectional study. / Percepción sobre informe médico telefónico a familiares de pacientes ingresados por COVID-19 en salas de observación de emergencias de un hospital terciario: estudio transversal.

Introduction: Medical reports of patients admitted to the emergency services has been modified due to the social distancing needed in the COVID-19 epidemic. For this reason, it is essential to know the family members' perceptions about telephone medical reports. Objective: To determine the perception of care by family members of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 on telephone medical reports in a tertiary hospital's emergency room in Lima, Peru. Methods: A non-experimental cross-sectional study, through a survey of family members of patients with COVID-19 admitted during July and August 2020. The "External user satisfaction survey of the Ministry of Health" adapted to this setting was used due to the absence of similar studies. Information, respect for the user, efficiency, accessibility, suitability, security, and overall satisfaction were considered. The sample size for finite populations was selected from 2 936 family members, obtaining 347 surveys from 641 calls. Relatives were called by phone, and after acceptance, the survey was sent to them via WhatsApp in Google Forms format. Once the survey was received, it was analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. Results: We made 641 telephone calls with a response rate of 54.1%, obtaining 347 surveys. The mean age was 40.12 years (standard deviation: 11.93 years), with 61.4% of females and 38.0% married. We found that 65.1% received higher education and that Chorrillos was the most prevalent district (10.1%). Moreover, 42.4% of those surveyed were children of hospitalized patients, 17.3% were spouses, and 85% were not health personnel. We found a high level of agreement in overall satisfaction (73.2%) and in most dimensions, including information (88.8%), respect for the user (82.1%), efficiency (70.3%), accessibility (75.8%), suitability (79.0%), and security (87.9%). Conclusion: The telephone medical reports to relatives of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 in the emergency room found an overall satisfaction of 73.2% . Telephone medical reports are essential alternatives to improve the quality of care during the COVID-19 epidemic.

Introducción: El informe médico sobre el estado de salud del paciente ingresado a los servicios de emergencia se ha modificado, debido al necesario distanciamiento por la epidemia de COVID-19. Por esto, es importante conocer la percepción que tienen los familiares informados sobre el reporte médico telefónico implementado. Objetivo: Determinar la percepción de los parientes sobre la atención de pacientes internados por COVID-19, a través del informe médico telefónico entregado a las familias en el servicio de emergencia de un hospital terciario del Seguro Social de Salud (EsSalud), Lima, Perú. Métodos: Estudio transversal observacional, mediante encuesta a familiares de pacientes con COVID-19 ingresados durante los meses de julio y agosto del año 2020. Se usó como base la "Encuesta de satisfacción de usuario externo del Ministerio de Salud" adaptada a esta realidad, no habiéndose realizado ningún trabajo similar a este en forma previa. Se consideraron las dimensiones información, respeto al usuario, eficacia, accesibilidad, oportunidad, seguridad y satisfacción global. Se seleccionó la muestra para poblaciones finitas de 2936 familiares, obteniéndose 347 encuestas de 641 llamadas realizadas. Se les llamó telefónicamente y, previa aceptación, se les envió la encuesta vía en formato . Recibida la encuesta, se procedió a su análisis mediante técnicas de estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Se realizaron 641 llamadas telefónicas con una tasa de respuesta de 54,1% obteniéndose 347 encuestas. La edad promedio fue de 40,12 años (desviación estándar de 11,93), de los cuales 61,4% era del sexo femenino y 38% estaban casados. El 65,1% de los entrevistados tenía educación superior. Dentro de los distritos de procedencia, Chorrillos tuvo más encuestados con 10,1%. El 42,4% de los encuestados fueron hijos de los pacientes internados, 17,3% fueron cónyuges y el 85% no era personal de salud. Las dimensiones con percepción de acuerdo fueron: información 88,8%, respeto de usuario 82,1%, eficacia 70,3%; accesibilidad 75,8%; oportunidad 79,0% y seguridad 87,9%. La satisfacción global obtuvo un 73,2% de acuerdo. Conclusiones: La información médica telefónica entregada a los familiares de pacientes internados por COVID-19 en las salas de emergencia, encontró una satisfacción global de 73,2% de acuerdo. La información médica telefónica es una alternativa importante para mejorar la calidad de atención durante la epidemia por COVID-19.

Percepción sobre informe médico telefónico a familiares de pacientes ingresados por COVID-19 en salas de observación de emergencias de un hospital terciario: estudio transversal / Perception on phone medical report to family members of patients admitted by COVID-19 to emergency observation rooms of a tertiary hospital: a cross-sectional study

Introducción: El informe médico sobre el estado de salud del paciente ingresado a los servicios de emergencia se ha modificado, debido al necesario distanciamiento por la epidemia de COVID-19. Por esto, es importante conocer la percepción que tienen los familiares informados sobre el reporte médico telefónico implementado. Objetivo: Determinar la percepción de los parientes sobre la atención de pacientes internados por COVID-19, a través del informe médico telefónico entregado a las familias en el servicio de emergencia de un hospital terciario del Seguro Social de Salud (EsSalud), Lima, Perú. Métodos: Estudio transversal observacional, mediante encuesta a familiares de pacientes con COVID-19 ingresados durante los meses de julio y agosto del año 2020. Se usó como base la "Encuesta de satisfacción de usuario externo del Ministerio de Salud" adaptada a esta realidad, no habiéndose realizado ningún trabajo similar a este en forma previa. Se consideraron las dimensiones información, respeto al usuario, eficacia, accesibilidad, oportunidad, seguridad y satisfacción global. Se seleccionó la muestra para poblaciones finitas de 2936 familiares, obteniéndose 347 encuestas de 641 llamadas realizadas. Se les llamó telefónicamente y, previa aceptación, se les envió la encuesta vía en formato . Recibida la encuesta, se procedió a su análisis mediante técnicas de estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Se realizaron 641 llamadas telefónicas con una tasa de respuesta de 54,1% obteniéndose 347 encuestas. La edad promedio fue de 40,12 años (desviación estándar de 11,93), de los cuales 61,4% era del sexo femenino y 38% estaban casados. El 65,1% de los entrevistados tenía educación superior. Dentro de los distritos de procedencia, Chorrillos tuvo más encuestados con 10,1%. El 42,4% de los encuestados fueron hijos de los pacientes internados, 17,3% fueron cónyuges y el 85% no era personal de salud. Las dimensiones con percepción de acuerdo fueron: información 88,8%, respeto de usuario 82,1%, eficacia 70,3%; accesibilidad 75,8%; oportunidad 79,0% y seguridad 87,9%. La satisfacción global obtuvo un 73,2% de acuerdo. Conclusiones: La información médica telefónica entregada a los familiares de pacientes internados por COVID-19 en las salas de emergencia, encontró una satisfacción global de 73,2% de acuerdo. La información médica telefónica es una alternativa importante para mejorar la calidad de atención durante la epidemia por COVID-19.

Introduction: Medical reports of patients admitted to the emergency services has been modified due to the social distancing needed in the COVID-19 epidemic. For this reason, it is essential to know the family members' perceptions about telephone medical reports. Objective: To determine the perception of care by family members of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 on telephone medical reports in a tertiary hospital's emergency room in Lima, Peru. Methods: A non-experimental cross-sectional study, through a survey of family members of patients with COVID-19 admitted during July and August 2020. The "External user satisfaction survey of the Ministry of Health" adapted to this setting was used due to the absence of similar studies. Information, respect for the user, efficiency, accessibility, suitability, security, and overall satisfaction were considered. The sample size for finite populations was selected from 2 936 family members, obtaining 347 surveys from 641 calls. Relatives were called by phone, and after acceptance, the survey was sent to them via WhatsApp in Google Forms format. Once the survey was received, it was analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. Results: We made 641 telephone calls with a response rate of 54.1%, obtaining 347 surveys. The mean age was 40.12 years (standard deviation: 11.93 years), with 61.4% of females and 38.0% married. We found that 65.1% received higher education and that Chorrillos was the most prevalent district (10.1%). Moreover, 42.4% of those surveyed were children of hospitalized patients, 17.3% were spouses, and 85% were not health personnel. We found a high level of agreement in overall satisfaction (73.2%) and in most dimensions, including information (88.8%), respect for the user (82.1%), efficiency (70.3%), accessibility (75.8%), suitability (79.0%), and security (87.9%). Conclusion: The telephone medical reports to relatives of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 in the emergency room found an overall satisfaction of 73.2% . Telephone medical reports are essential alternatives to improve the quality of care during the COVID-19 epidemic.

Durability assessment of external thermal insulation composite systems in urban and maritime environments.

External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) are multilayer solutions which provide an enhanced thermal performance to the building envelope. However, significant anomalies can be detected on ETICS facades, in some cases shortly after the application of these systems. This study intends to evaluate and compare the durability of six commercially available ETICS after two years of outdoor exposure at both urban and maritime conditions in Portugal. The systems were characterized by means of non-destructive testing (i.e., visual and microscopic assessment, water transport properties, thermal conductivity, surface roughness), thus allowing to evaluate the performance loss throughout natural aging. The bio-susceptibility and aesthetic properties (color and gloss) were also investigated. Results showed that the performance and durability of the complete system is significantly affected by the rendering system formulation. The lime-based specimens obtained the highest rate of mold development after one year of aging in a maritime environment, becoming considerably darker and with lower surface gloss. Fungal analysis of this darkish stained area indicated the presence of mold species of the genera Alternaria, Didymella, Cladosporium and Epicoccum, and yeasts of the genera Vishniacozyma and Cystobasidium. An increase of both capillary water absorption and water vapor permeability was also registered for the aged lime-based specimens. Acrylic-based systems obtained lower capillary water absorption after aging and greater dirt deposition on their surfaces, especially in urban conditions. These systems had also higher color variation and surface gloss decrease and slightly higher mold growth, when compared with those aged in a maritime environment. Finally, no mold growth was detected on the silicate-based specimens after two years of aging. However, these specimens obtained higher capillary water absorption and lower vapor permeability after aging, possibly leading to moisture accumulation within the system. Results contribute towards the development of ETICS with enhanced performance and durability.

Revealing the impact of strain in the optical properties of bubbles in monolayer MoSe2.

Strain plays an important role for the optical properties of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). Here, we investigate strain effects in a monolayer MoSe2 sample with a large bubble region using µ-Raman, second harmonic generation (SHG), µ-photoluminescence and magneto µ-photoluminescence at low temperature. Remarkably, our results reveal the presence of a non-uniform strain field and the observation of emission peaks at lower energies which are the signatures of exciton and trion quasiparticles red-shifted by strain effects in the bubble region, in agreement with our theoretical predictions. Furthermore, we have observed that the emission in the strained region decreases the trion binding energy and enhances the valley g-factors as compared to non-strained regions. Considering uniform biaxial strain effects within the unit cell of the TMDC monolayer (ML), our first principles calculations predict the observed enhancement of the exciton valley Zeeman effect. In addition, our results suggest that the exciton-trion fine structure plays an important role for the optical properties of strained TMDC ML. In summary, our study provides fundamental insights on the behaviour of excitons and trions in strained monolayer MoSe2 which are particularly relevant to properly characterize and understand the fine structure of excitonic complexes in strained TMDC systems/devices.

Bidirectional flow of action potentials in axons drives activity dynamics in neuronal cultures.

Objective. Recent technological advances are revealing the complex physiology of the axon and challenging long-standing assumptions. Namely, while most action potential (AP) initiation occurs at the axon initial segment in central nervous system neurons, initiation in distal parts of the axon has been reported to occur in both physiological and pathological conditions. The functional role of these ectopic APs, if exists, is still not clear, nor its impact on network activity dynamics.Approach. Using an electrophysiology platform specifically designed for assessing axonal conduction we show here for the first time regular and effective bidirectional axonal conduction in hippocampal and dorsal root ganglia cultures. We investigate and characterize this bidirectional propagation both in physiological conditions and after distal axotomy.Main results.A significant fraction of APs are not coming from the canonical synapse-dendrite-soma signal flow, but instead from signals originating at the distal axon. Importantly, antidromic APs may carry information and can have a functional impact on the neuron, as they consistently depolarize the soma. Thus, plasticity or gene transduction mechanisms triggered by soma depolarization can also be affected by these antidromic APs. Conduction velocity is asymmetrical, with antidromic conduction being slower than orthodromic.Significance.Altogether these findings have important implications for the study of neuronal functionin vitro, reshaping our understanding on how information flows in neuronal cultures.

Qualidade da carne de frangos da linhagem Label Rouge suplementados com minerais biocomplexados e criados em sistema alternativo / [Meat quality of Label Rouge lineage chicken supplemented with biocomplexed minerals and reared in an alternative system]

Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da suplementação com minerais biocomplexados sobre a qualidade da carne de frangos da linhagem Label Rouge, de ambos os sexos, criados em sistema alternativo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso (DIC), disposto em esquema fatorial (3x2), sendo três dietas (controle; 0,50ppm de selênio; 0,40ppm de cromo) e dois sexos. Para a estabilidade lipídica, foi utilizado o DIC, disposto em esquema fatorial (3x2x2), sendo três dietas, dois sexos e dois tempos de armazenamento (zero e 12 meses). Os parâmetros avaliados no peito e na coxa foram: pH final, cor (L* - luminosidade, a* - índice de vermelho, b* - índice de amarelo, C* - índice de saturação e h* - ângulo de tonalidade), perda de peso por cozimento (PPC), força de cisalhamento (FC) e estabilidade lipídica. Além disso, foram avaliadas a proporção das formas químicas da mioglobina da coxa e a quantificação do conteúdo de selênio no peito. Não houve efeito isolado da dieta sobre os parâmetros físicos e químicos do peito e da coxa e sobre a concentração de selênio no peito. As fêmeas apresentaram médias superiores de L* (57,57), b* (10,55) e C* (10,60) do peito; e os machos de L* (55,09) da coxa. Entre os machos, as aves alimentadas com a dieta controle e com cromo expressaram valores superiores de FC da coxa em relação às suplementadas com selênio; para o tratamento com cromo, os machos apresentaram média superior de FC da coxa e, em contrapartida, para o tratamento com selênio, as fêmeas manifestaram a maior média. As amostras submetidas ao período de 12 meses de armazenamento mostraram maiores valores de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) em ambos os cortes. A suplementação com cromo e selênio biocomplexados não provocou alterações na qualidade da carne; as fêmeas demonstraram melhores atributos de qualidade da carne.(AU)

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the supplementation with biocomplexed minerals on the quality of the meat of label Rouge lineage chicken, of both genders, reared in an alternative system. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD) in a factorial scheme (3x2), with three diets (control; 0.50ppm of selenium; 0.40ppm of chromium) and two genders. For lipid stability, the CRD arranged in a factorial scheme (3x2x2) was used, being three diets, two genders and two storage times (0 and 12 months). The parameters evaluated in the breast and in the thigh were: final pH, color (L* - luminosity, a* - red index, b* - yellow index, C* - saturation index and h* - tonality angle), weight loss per cooking (WLC), shear force (SF) and lipid stability. In addition, we evaluated the proportion of chemical forms of myoglobin of the thigh and the quantification of selenium content in the breast. There was no isolated effect of diet on the physical and chemical parameters of the breast and thigh and selenium concentration in the breast. Females had higher mean values of L* (57.57), b* (10.55) and C* (10.60) of the breast; and males of L* (55.09) of the thigh. Among males, poultry fed with the control diet and chromium showed higher SF values of the thigh than those supplemented with selenium; for the treatment with chromium, the males presented superior average of SF of the thigh and, in contrast, for the treatment with selenium, the females had the highest average. Samples submitted to the period of 12-month of storage showed higher values of substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) in both cuts. Supplementation with biocomplexed chromium and selenium did not cause changes in meat quality; females presented better attributes of meat quality.(AU)

Paediatric dentists' stress during dental care for children under sedation: a cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: The knowledge of the stress related to the practice of paediatric dentistry is scarce. The aim of this study was to verify the stress perceived by paediatric dentists related to young children's dental treatment under sedation and their association with child's behaviour and other independent variables. METHODS: A cross-sectional repeated measures study was performed with four paediatric dentists who treated 81 sedated preschoolers. Paediatric dentists reported their stress at the end of the session using the visual analog scale (VAS 0-100 mm). Samples of saliva were collected to measure the dentists' salivary cortisol level throughout the dental session. The sessions of dental treatment were video recorded for evaluation of the child's behaviour. Children's behaviour was assessed using the Ohio State University Behavioral Rating Scale (OSUBRS). The association between the VAS scores and the other variables was verified using bivariate tests and generalised estimating equation (alpha 0.05). RESULTS: Paediatric dentists felt slightly stressed in most of the sessions (VAS median 7 points; minimum 0, maximum 97 points). VAS associated with the struggling behaviour of the child (B 0.53; 95%CI 0.32-0.74; p ≤ 0.001) and the time since dentist's graduation (B - 1.41, 95% CI - 1.87 to - 0.94; p ≤ 0.001) but not with dentist's salivary cortisol (rho - 0.053, p = 0.639). CONCLUSION: The more frequent the child's struggling behaviour during dental treatment and the shorter the time elapsed since the professional's graduation, the higher the level of objectively and subjectively measured stress of the paediatric dentist during the dental procedure.

Revisiting the metallothionein genes polymorphisms and the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma in a Brazilian population.

BACKGROUND: Metallothioneins (MTs) gene polymorphisms have been associated with the ability of free radical scavenging and detoxification of heavy metals leading to cancer development. Our aim was to revisit, in a Brazilian population, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MT gene family previously associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A case-control investigation with 28 OSCC patients and 45 controls was conducted, using conventional risk factors (tobacco use and alcohol consumption) as covariates. SNPs genotyping for rs8052334 (MT1B), rs964372 (MT1B), and rs1610216 (MT2A) was performed by PCR-RFLP, and SNPs for rs11076161 (MT1A) were analyzed by TaqMan assay. RESULTS: The only SNP associated with increased risk for OSCC was the MT-1A AA genotype (OR = 4.7; p = 0.01). We have also evidenced for the first time a significant linkage disequilibrium between the SNPs of MT-2A and MT-1A in this population with the highest frequency (30%) of the unfavorable haplotype G/A/C/T (rs1610216 / rs11076161 / rs964372 / rs8052334) of MT gene polymorphisms (OR = 6.2; p = 0.04). Interestingly, after removing the effects of conventional risk factors, we have uncovered the significance of the AA genotype of the rs11076161 with increased odds of 19-fold higher towards OSCC development. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first demonstration that a significant linkage disequilibrium among gene polymorphisms of the MT family may affect susceptibility to oral cancer, which is conditioned by the G/A/C/T haplotype (rs1610216/rs11076161/rs964372/ rs8052334) and the MT-1A gene polymorphism has a potential clinical utility for the OSCC risk assessment.

Simple bone cyst: description of 60 cases seen at a Brazilian School of Dentistry and review of international literature.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to describe the relative frequency and the main demographic and clinic-radiographic features related to patients diagnosed with Simple bone cyst (SBC) in an Oral Diagnosis Service in Southeast Brazil and present a review and discussion of international literature on this topic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: SBC cases from our service encompassing the period between 1978 and 2017 were selected. In addition, a literature search was performed in the Pubmed/MEDLINE online electronic database published between 1951 and 2019. RESULTS: A total of 2,459 cystic lesions were documented in our service, thus 60 patients were diagnosed with the SBC representing 2.4% of all jaw cystic. Most of cases were asymptomatic. Multiple SBC lesions were seen in two patients (3.4%) and association with cemento-osseous dysplasia was seen in one female patient (1.7%). A total of 793 cases were enrolled in this literature review. CONCLUSIONS: The SBC is an asymptomatic lesion often discovered in routine image exams in young patients. The unilocular, well defined margin with scalloped appearance is characteristic and helps the definition of diagnosis. This review suggests a different epidemiologic trend concerning to the sex and it confirms the posterior region of mandible as the more frequent location. The conservative treatment with limited exploration and curettage remains as the gold-standard treatment.

A non-toxigenic Aspergillus flavus strain prevents the spreading of Fusarium verticillioides and fumonisins in maize.

We evaluated Fusarium verticillioides and fumonisin contamination in maize samples after application of a non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strain in the field. The sampling was performed 150 days after planting. The results showed a reduction in F. verticillioides frequency, as well as in fumonisin levels when samples were obtained from field areas treated with non-aflatoxigenic A. flavus strain. These results suggested a competition for substrate or space between fungi reducing the frequency of F. verticillioides and, consequently, fumonisin production.

Electrodialytic removal of tungsten and arsenic from secondary mine resources - Deep eutectic solvents enhancement.

Tungsten is a critical raw material for European and U.S. economies. Tungsten mine residues, usually considered an environmental burden due to e.g. arsenic content, are also secondary tungsten resources. The electrodialytic (ED) process and deep eutectic solvents (DES) have been successfully and independently applied for the extraction of metals from different complex environmental matrices. In this study a proof of concept demonstrates that coupling DES in a two-compartment ED set-up enhances the removal and separation of arsenic and tungsten from Panasqueira mine secondary resources. Choline chloride with malonic acid (1:2), and choline chloride with oxalic acid (1:1) were the DES that in batch extracted the average maximum contents of arsenic (16%) and tungsten (9%) from the residues. However, when ED was operated at a current intensity of 100 mA for 4 days, the extraction yields increased 22% for arsenic and 11% for tungsten, comparing to the tests with no current. From the total arsenic and tungsten extracted, 82% and 77% respectively were successfully removed from the matrix compartment, as they electromigrated to the anolyte compartment, from where these elements can be further separated. This achievement potentiates circular economy, as the final treated residue could be incorporated in construction materials production, mitigating current environmental problems in both mining and construction sectors.

Carers' and paediatric dentists' perceptions of children's pain during restorative treatment.

PURPOSE: Parents/carers' and dentists' evaluations are important when assessing young children's pain. However, there is little evidence on agreement regarding children's pain according to proxy reports. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to investigate the agreement among paediatric dentists and parents/carers about children's pain during treatment and the association between the reporting of pain and child behaviour. METHODS: Participants were 81 parents/carers of uncooperative children undergoing restorative treatment, and five paediatric dentists. Pain during dental treatment was assessed after dental procedures using the Visual Analogue Scale (0-4 mm: no pain; 5-44 mm: mild pain; 45-74 mm: moderate pain; 75-100 mm: severe pain). Child behaviour was assessed by calibrated researchers using the Ohio State University Behavioural Scale. The agreement between respondents about a child's pain was evaluated using the weighted kappa test. The association between the pain report and child behaviour was verified using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: Parents/carers (36, 44.4%) and paediatric dentists (40, 49.4%) reported that children felt mild pain in all sessions. The parents/carers reported that the children experienced higher pain intensities compared to paediatric dentists. The agreement between respondents was slight (weighted Kappa < 0.20). Higher pain intensities were more frequent when the children's behaviour was uncooperative. CONCLUSION: Parents/carers and paediatric dentists showed slight agreement regarding the pain felt by children in dental treatment. Pain proxy reporting in children is influenced by the children's behaviour.

Efeito da suplementação de suínos em terminação com diferentes associações entre minerais sobre o desempenho, as características de carcaça e a viabilidade econômica / Effect of supplementation of finishing swines with different associations between minerals on performance, carcass characteristics and economic viability

Objetivou-se, com este estudo, verificar a influência da suplementação com diferentes associações entre minerais orgânicos sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça, bem como avaliar sua viabilidade econômica, para suínos em terminação. Foram utilizados 88 machos castrados, divididos entre quatro tratamentos: controle com dieta basal e suplementação com CrFe, MgSe e CrFeMgSe, durante os 28 dias que antecederam o abate. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com parcela experimental representada por dois animais. Os animais suplementados com CrFeMgSe apresentaram piores índices de peso final, ganho de peso diário e consumo durante todo o período, com consequente redução no peso de carcaça, menor profundidade de lombo, área de olho-de-lombo e menor quantidade de carne magra na carcaça. Houve um aumento no custo da dieta para os grupos CrFe, MgSe e CrFeMgSe, respectivamente. O uso de cromo mais ferro e magnésio mais selênio, associados dois a dois, não altera os parâmetros de desempenho e as características de carcaça. A associação dos quatro minerais, no entanto, promove piora nessas características e aumenta o custo da dieta.(AU)

This study aimed to verify the influence of supplementation with different associations between organic minerals on performance, carcass characteristics and economic viability for finishing swine. 88 castrated males were divided in four treatments: control with basal diet and supplementation with CrFe, MgSe and CrFeMgSe during the 28 days prior to slaughter. The experimental design was randomized blocks with an experimental plot represented by two animals. The animals supplemented with CrFeMgSe had worse final weight, daily weight gain and consumption throughout the period, with consequent reduction in carcass weight, lower loin depth, loin eye area and amount of lean meat. There was an increase in the effective operational cost of diet with CrFe, MgSe and CrFeMgSe groups, respectively. The use of chromium plus iron and magnesium plus selenium, associated two by two, did not alter the performance parameters and carcass. However, the four minerals association promote a worsening in these characteristics and increase the cost of production.(AU)

Perfil lipídico da carne de frangos de corte de diferentes cruzamentos criados em sistema alternativo / Lipid profile of broiler meat from different crosses raised in alternative system

Objetivou-se avaliar o perfil lipídico da carne de frangos de diferentes genótipos. O delineamento foi inteiramente ao acaso (DIC), disposto em esquema fatorial (5x2), sendo cinco genótipos (New Hampshire ˗ NHS; Gigante Negra de Jersey ˗ GNJ; Índio Gigante ˗ IG; cruzamento entre as raças IG e NHS ˗ IG x NHS; e entre as raças IG e GNJ ˗ IG x GNJ) e dois sexos, com cinco repetições, sendo cada uma representada por três aves, totalizando 150 aves, abatidas aos 105 dias. As análises de perfil lipídico foram realizadas no peito e na coxa. Foram calculadas as estimativas das atividades enzimáticas, os índices de aterogenicidade e de trombogenicidade. Os genótipos IG e IG x NHS apresentaram maiores teores de ácido araquidônico e DHA. Foram observados maiores teores de ácidos graxos saturados e monoinsaturados no peito para os genótipos IG x NHS e NHS, respectivamente. Maiores médias de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados e ômega 3 foram observadas para os genótipos IG e IG x NHS. O genótipo IG x NHS e as fêmeas apresentaram melhores características de qualidade de carne, por oferecerem uma maior fonte de ômega 3.(AU)

The objective was to evaluate the lipid profile of chickens from different genotypes. The design was completely randomized arranged in factorial scheme (5x2), being 5 genotypes (New Hampshire - NHS, Gigante Negra de Jersey - GNJ, Índio Gigante - IG; poultry from the cross between IG and NHS breeds - IG x NHS and between IG and GNJ breeds - IG x GNJ) and two genders, with five replicates and three poultry per replicate, totaling 150 birds, slaughtered at 105 days. Lipid profile analyzes were performed on the breast and thigh. Estimates of the enzymatic activities related to lipid metabolism were calculated, in addition to the atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indexes. The IG and IG x NHS genotypes showed higher levels of arachidonic acid and DHA. Higher levels of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were observed in the breast for IG x NHS and NHS genotypes, respectively. Higher averages of polyunsaturated fatty acids and omega 3 were observed for the IG and IG x NHS genotypes. The genotype IG x NHS and the females presented better characteristics of meat quality, for offering a greater source of omega 3.(AU)

The polymorphisms of genes associated with the profile of fatty acids of sheep / Os polimorfismos de genes associados ao perfil de ácidos graxos de ovinos

The present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of polymorphisms in Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGTA-1 and 2), Fatty acid synthase (FASN), Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) genes and the Thioesterase domain of FASN (TE-FASN) gene that may be related to the lipid profile. In the experiment, a total of 84 sheep from different genetic groups were used. For the evaluation of the polymorphism of the genes, PCR-Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) technique and subsequent sequencing were used. In DGAT-2 gene, four genotypes were identified with the presence of 6 polymorphisms, with two (c.229T> C; c.255T> C) that resulted into the exchange of phenylalanine by leucine. In FASN gene, two genotypes were identified. In TE-FASN gene, three genotypes and 17 polymorphisms were identified. DGAT-1 and SCD genes did not reveal the occurrence of polymorphism. There was difference in relation to C14: 0, C18: 0 fatty acids and Δ9-desaturase C18 for DGAT-2 gene and of C18: 2ω6t for TE-FASN. There were differences among the genetic groups for C10: 0, C12: 0, C17: 0, C18: 2ω6t, C18: 3ω3, C20: 2, total of ω3, ω3/ω6 and atherogenicity index. There is occurrence of polymorphism of DGAT-2 and TE-FASN genes and these should be further studied in sheep since they revealed influence of the genotypes on the fatty acid profile.(AU)

O presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a ocorrência de polimorfismos nos genes Diacilglicerol aciltransferase (DGTA1 e 2), Ácido graxo sintase (FASN), Estearoil-CoA dessaturase (SCD) e o Domínio da tioesterase do gene FASN (TE-FASN), que possam estar relacionados ao perfil lipídico. No experimento, foram utilizados um total de 84 ovinos de diferentes grupos genéticos. Para avaliação do polimorfismo dos genes, foi utilizada a técnica de polimorfismo de conformação de cadeia simples (PCR-SSCP) e posterior sequenciamento. No gene DGAT-2, foram identificados quatro genótipos com a presença de seis polimorfismos, com dois (c.229T>C; c.255T>C) que resultaram na troca da fenilalanina por leucina. No gene FASN, foram identificados dois genótipos. No gene TE-FASN, foram identificados três genótipos e 17 polimorfismos. Os genes DGAT-1 e SCD não revelaram a ocorrência de polimorfismo. Houve diferença em relação aos ácidos graxos C14:0, C18:0 e ∆9-desaturaseC18 para o gene DGAT-2 e de C18:2ω6t para TE-FASN. Houve diferença entre os grupos genéticos para C10:0, C12:0, C17:0, C18:2ω6t, C18:3ω3, C20:2, total de ω3, ω3/ω6 e índice de aterogenicidade. Há ocorrência de polimorfismo dos genes DGAT-2 e TE-FASN, e estes devem ser mais estudados em ovinos, pois revelaram influência dos genótipos sobre o perfil de ácidos graxos.(AU)

The NUMEN project: Heavy-Ion Double Charge Exchange reactions towards 0νββ NME determination / El proyecto NUMEN: reacciones de intercambio de cargas dobles de iones pesados hacia la determinación de 0νββ NME

Abstract NUMEN proposes cross sections measurements of Heavy-Ion double charge exchange reactions as an innovative tool to access the nuclear matrix elements, entering the expression of the life time of Neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ). A key aspect of the projectis the use at INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS) of the Superconducting Cyclotron (CS) for the acceleration of the required high resolution and low emittance heavy-ion beams and of MAGNEX large acceptance magnetic spectrometer for the detection of the ejectiles. The experimental measurements of double charge exchange reactions induced by heavy ions present a number of challenging aspects, since such reactions are characterized by very low cross sections. First experimental results give encouraging indication on the capability to access quantitative information towards the determination of the Nuclear Matrix Elements for 0νββ decay.

Resumen NUMEN propone mediciones de secciones eficaces de reacciones de intercambio de carga doble de iones pesados como una herramienta innovadora para acceder a los elementos de la matriz nuclear, entrando en la expresión del tiempo de vida de la desintegración beta doble sin neutrino (0νββ). Un aspecto clave del proyecto es el uso en INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS) del ciclotrón superconductor (CS) para la aceleración de los haces de iones pesados de alta resolución y baja emitancia requeridos y del espectrómetro magnético de gran aceptación MAGNEX para la detección de los residuos eyectados. Las mediciones experimentales de reacciones de intercambio de carga doble inducidas por iones pesados presentan una serie de aspectos desafiantes, ya que tales reacciones se caracterizan por secciones eficaces muy bajas. Los primeros resultados experimentales dan una indicación alentadora sobre la capacidad de acceder a información cuantitativa para la determinación de los Elementos de la Matriz Nuclear para la descomposición de 0νββ.

Differential metallothionein expression in oral lichen planus and amalgam-associated oral lichenoid lesions.

BACKGROUND: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease mediated by T cells, which manifests as reticular (white) or erosive (red) lesions, that are eventually painful. Oral lichenoid lesion (OLL) are distinguished from OLP by the presence of precipitating factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the presence of metallothionein, which is involved in anti-apoptotic pathways and the anti-oxidative response, could serve as a differential diagnostic for OLP and OLL. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We evaluated the expression of metallothionein in 40 cases of OLP and 20 cases of OLL using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: White OLP has higher concentrations of metallothionein than red OLP in basal and parabasal layers. Moreover, metallothionein was more frequently observed in the cytoplasm and nuclei of basal cells in OLP patients compared to the same regions of OLL cases. Metallothionein levels are related to OLP severity and may contribute to a differential diagnosis between OLP and OLL.