RESUMO
Malnutrition is a complicated illness that affects people worldwide and is linked to higher death rates, a heightened vulnerability to infectious infections, and delayed cognitive development. To comprehend the mechanisms associated with hunger, experimental models have been constructed. In this regard, the current study used two different types of food aiming to validate a murine model of malnutrition based on dietary restriction. The study was conducted with fifty-six Swiss male mice (eight-week-old) divided into eight groups (n=7 each) and fed the following experimental diets (10 weeks): Standard Diet (ST) ad libitum; ST 20% dietary restriction; ST 40% dietary restriction; ST 60% dietary restriction; AIN93-M diet ad libitum; AIN93-M 20% dietary restriction; AIN93-M 40% dietary restriction; AIN93-M 60% dietary restriction. Body, biochemical, and histological parameters were measured, in addition to evaluating the restriction effects on genes related to oxidative stress (GPX1 and GPX4) in epididymal adipose tissue. The results obtained showed that 20%, 40%, and 60% of dietary restrictions were able to reduce body weight when compared to controls, highlighting the accentuated weight loss in animals with 60% restrictions, especially those fed with AIN-93 M, which showed physical changes such as whitish skin and dull coat, voracious eating, and hunched posture. The present animal model also showed biochemical changes with hypoalbuminemia, as well as histological epididymal adipose tissue modulation. The presence of increased oxidative stress was observed in evaluating the GPX4 gene. Given the results, 60% food restriction using the AIN93-M diet was the best protocol for inducing malnutrition.
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Edible insects are recognized as promising food sources due to their nutritional composition. Some species, such as Gryllus assimilis, contain proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates of high biological value, which regulate several metabolic functions, including the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS). In this context, the present study aimed to assess the effects of dietary supplementation with whole Gryllus assimilis powder on the metabolism of malnourished mice. Thirty-two male Swiss mice were used and divided into four treatment groups. The groups were identified as (AIN93-M); AIN93-M + Gryllus assimilis diet (AIN93-M + GA); AIN93-M + Renutrition diet (AIN93-M + REN) and AIN93-M + Renutrition diet + Gryllus assimilis (AIN93-M + REN + GA). The results showed that whole Gryllus assimilis powder inclusion promotes recovery from protein-energy malnutrition, reduces adiposity, and improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. It also reduces total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, and adipocyte area. We also observed a significant increase in the expression of RAS-related genes, such as ACE2 and MasR, followed by a reduction in Angiotensinogen and ACE. The main findings of the present study suggest the use of black cricket as a viable strategy for the prevention and treatment of protein-energy malnutrition, as well as the reduction of adiposity, and improvement of lipid and glycemic parameters, with antihypertensive potential.
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Tecido Adiposo , Suplementos Nutricionais , Gryllidae , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina , Animais , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/metabolismo , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/dietoterapia , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Adiposidade , Resistência à InsulinaRESUMO
Obesity and overweight are multifactorial diseases affecting more than one-third of the world's population. Physical inactivity contributes to a positive energy balance and the onset of obesity. Exercise combined with a balanced diet is an effective non-pharmacological strategy to improve obesity-related disorders. Gallic acid (GA), is a natural endogenous polyphenol found in a variety of fruits, vegetables, and wines, with beneficial effects on energetic homeostasis. The present study aims to investigate the effects of exercise training on obese mice supplemented with GA. Animal experimentation was performed with male Swiss mice divided into five groups: ST (standard control), HFD (obese control), HFD + GA (GA supplement), HFD + Trained (training), and HFD + GA + Trained (GA and training). The groups are treated for eight weeks with 200 mg/kg/body weight of the feed compound and, if applicable, physical training. The main findings of the present study show that GA supplementation improves liver fat, body weight, adiposity, and plasma insulin levels. In addition, animals treated with the GA and a physical training program demonstrate reduced levels of anxiety. Gene expression analyses show that Sesn2 is activated via PGC-1α independent of the GATOR2 protein, which is activated by GA in the context of physical activity. These data are corroborated by molecular docking analysis, demonstrating the interaction of GA with GATOR2. The present study contributes to understanding the metabolic effects of GA and physical training and demonstrates a new hepatic mechanism of action via Sestrin 2 and PGC-1α.
Assuntos
Ácido Gálico , Fígado , Camundongos Obesos , Obesidade , Coativador 1-alfa do Receptor gama Ativado por Proliferador de Peroxissomo , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Animais , Camundongos , Ácido Gálico/farmacologia , Masculino , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/genética , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Coativador 1-alfa do Receptor gama Ativado por Proliferador de Peroxissomo/metabolismo , Coativador 1-alfa do Receptor gama Ativado por Proliferador de Peroxissomo/genética , Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , SestrinasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of sarcopenia (demographical, anthropometric measurements, tumor-related clinical characteristics, performance status, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin levels in individuals with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study selected diagnosed with HNSCC (n = 125). Sarcopenia was defined as low muscle strength and low physical performance. Association between sarcopenia and anthropometric assessments (weight, height, body mass index, triceps skinfold, mid-upper arm circumference [MUAC], mid-upper arm muscle circumference, mid-upper arm fat area [UFA], mid-upper arm bone free muscle area, calf circumference, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass and index), tumor clinical characteristics (anatomical site, tumor size, and cervical metastasis), performance status scale (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status [ECOG-PS]), and CRP and albumin levels was analyzed using binary logistic regression models. RESULTS: The diagnosis of sarcopenia was identified in 28 (22.4%) individuals with HNSCC. Being an older adult increases the odds of association with sarcopenia in individuals with HNSCC (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05). Increments in MUAC measurement reduce the odds of association with sarcopenia (OR = 0.69), while the increase in the UFA measurement increases the odds of association with sarcopenia (OR = 1.33). Poor ECOG-PS scores increase the odds of association with sarcopenia in individuals with HNSCC (OR = 5.54). CONCLUSION: Early identification of easy-to-perform, cost-effective predictors of sarcopenia tends to favor the implementation of personalized therapeutic and supportive interventions in individuals with HNSCC.
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Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Sarcopenia , Humanos , Idoso , Sarcopenia/epidemiologia , Sarcopenia/etiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço , Estudos Transversais , Proteína C-Reativa , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/complicaçõesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Diet macronutrient heterogeneity hinders animal studies' data extrapolation from metabolic disorders to human diseases. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate different fat-diet compositions' effect on inducing lipid/glucose metabolism alterations in mice. METHODS: Swiss male mice were fed for 12 weeks with five different diets: Standard Diet (ST), American Institute of Nutrition 93 for growth (AIN93G) high-butter/high-sugar (HBHS), high-lard/high-sugar (HLHS), and high-oil/high-sugar diet (soybean oil) (HOHS). Several parameters, such as serum biochemistry, histology, and liver mRNA expression, were accessed. RESULTS: The main findings revealed that the HLHS diet dramatically altered liver metabolism inducing hepatic steatosis and increased total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, increasing liver CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (CEBP-α), Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and Catalase (CAT) mRNA expression. Moreover, the HLHS diet increased glucose intolerance and reduced insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: High-fat/high-sugar diets are efficient to induce obesity and metabolic syndrome-associated alterations, and diets enriched with lard and sugar showed more effective results.
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Síndrome Metabólica , Animais , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Gorduras na Dieta/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Síndrome Metabólica/etiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/metabolismo , Obesidade/etiologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Açúcares/metabolismoRESUMO
This study investigated the antineoplastic effects of crotoxin isolated from snake venom of the South American Crotalus durissus terrificus in oral cancer cell lines and in an animal model of chemically induced oral cancer. We analyzed cell viability and death, clonogenic formation, DNA fragmentation, migration assay, and gene expression of MMP2, MMP9, COL1A1, and CASP3. In the animal model, after induction of oral cancer by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide carcinogen, mice were treated with crotoxin to investigate its effects on tumor development in tongue and oral mucosa. Crotoxin inhibited cell proliferation, viability, colony formation, and migration, favoring cell death. Furthermore, crotoxin increased caspase-3 expression, decreased Ki-67 protein and mRNA expression of MMP2, MMP9, and COL1A1. Mice treated with crotoxin at 10 µg/kg did not alter biochemical parameters total cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, liver transaminases, glycemia, creatinine, and urea. Crotoxin treatment significantly reduced the frequency of oral squamous cell carcinoma lesions by 50%. Thus, this study highlights crotoxin as a promising chemotherapeutic substance, considering its effects on controlling the neoplastic cell population, reducing cell migration, and inhibiting tumor development. Clinical studies are necessary to understand better the impact of crotoxin as a potential adjuvant therapeutic agent for oral cancer patients.
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Antineoplásicos , Venenos de Crotalídeos , Crotoxina , Neoplasias Bucais , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço , Animais , Camundongos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Venenos de Crotalídeos/química , Crotalus , Crotoxina/farmacologia , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz , Neoplasias Bucais/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Bucais/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/induzido quimicamente , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common neoplasms worldwide. The current study aimed to identify potential biomarkers associated with OSCC survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in atypical OSCC cases were identified using two public datasets: The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to identify the cutoff, and the candidate DEGs related to survival. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis using the categorized genes were employed to identify genes that impact the overall survival in OSCC. RESULTS: A total of 263 OSCC samples and 105 healthy tissues were used to identify 295 upregulated and 131 downregulated genes expressed only in non-smokers. ROC analyses identified 25 candidate genes associated with death. Survival analyses demonstrated that the following DEGs, namely CSTA, FGFR2, MMP19, OLR1, PCSK1, RAMP2, and CGB5, are potential OSCC prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: We found that CSTA, FGFR2, MMP19, OLR1, PCSK1, RAMP2, and CGB5 are associated with a low survival rate in OSCC. However, further studies are needed to validate our findings and facilitate the development of these factors as potential biomarkers for OSCC survival.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Neoplasias Bucais , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Transcriptoma , Neoplasias Bucais/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Análise de Sobrevida , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/genética , PrognósticoRESUMO
Differences in the features of aggressiveness of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) subtypes, between basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are relevant characteristics. Comparing the characteristics between NMSC subtypes might help identify molecules associated with cancer metastasis and invasion. Considering these facts, the current study aimed to identify a molecular target for inhibiting skin cancer metastasis and invasion. Proteomic analysis suggested that heat shock protein 90 kDa, alpha, class B member 1 (HSP90AB1), pentaxin (PTX3), caspase-14 (CASP14), S100, actin-1, and profilin were the primary targets related to metastasis and invasion. However, after a differential expression comparison between BCC and SCC, HSP90AB1 was identified as the best target to repress metastasis and invasion. Based on molecular docking results, gallic acid (GA) was selected to inhibit HSP90AB1. A specific Hsp90ab1 siRNA targeting was designed and compared to GA. Interestingly, GA was more efficient in silencing HSP90AB1 than siRNAhsp90ab1. Hence, our data suggest that HSP90AB1 is a crucial biomarker for identifying invasion and metastasis and that its inhibition may be a viable strategy for treating skin cancer.
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Carcinoma Basocelular , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Humanos , Proteínas de Choque Térmico , Ácido Gálico/farmacologia , Proteômica , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Carcinoma Basocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/genética , Neoplasias Cutâneas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP90/genéticaRESUMO
Radiation therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with several complications. Although photobiomodulation (PBM) has radioprotective effects in normal tissue, it could also enhance the growth of neoplastic cells. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the cellular response of oral squamous cell carcinoma with pre-exposure to low-level phototherapy before radiotherapy. SCC9, Cal-27, A431, and HaCaT cell lines were subjected to low-level light therapy and radiotherapy. The cells were treated with a single energy density (300 J/cm2) of a light-emitting diode (660 nm) prior to ionizing radiation at different doses (0, 2, 4, and 6 Gy). After 24 h, wound scratch, proliferation, clonogenic cell survival, cell death, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) analyses were performed to evaluate cell response. The cell lines pre-exposed to PBM at the analyzed dosage were radiosensitive. The treatment significantly reduced cell proliferation and clonogenic cell survival. Migration and cell death assays also revealed positive results, with the treatment group showing lower rate of migration and higher cell death than did the control group. Moreover, PBM effectively increased the intracellular levels of ROS. PBM at 300 J/cm2 is a promising radiosensitizing modality to reduce the radiation dose and avoid the intolerable side effects of radiotherapy for HNSCC, thus increasing the probability of successful treatment. However, further studies are needed to support and confirm the results.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Neoplasias Bucais , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/radioterapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/etiologia , Neoplasias Bucais/radioterapia , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade/métodos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/radioterapiaRESUMO
We analyzed the distribution characteristics of the scientific production of Brazilian dentistry researchers of the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. The Lattes curriculum data of 211 researchers from Oral Pathology, Oral Surgery, and Oral Medicine fields were included (2018-2020). Over their academic career, 39 researchers published 7,555 papers (average, 175 articles/researcher); 3,876/7,555 papers were indexed in the Web of Science. During 2018-2020, 1,440/7,555 (19%) papers were published. Brazilian dental researchers contribute significantly to international research by participating in scientific journals' editorial boards, evaluating research promotion agencies, training researchers, and contributing to scientific and technological development.
Assuntos
Bibliometria , Cirurgia Bucal , Brasil , Humanos , Patologia Bucal , PesquisadoresRESUMO
Purpose This study aimed to compare the efficacy of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) with 300 µmol/L of methylene blue and 8 µmol/L of curcumin on oral candidiasis patients with HNSCC undergoing treatment. Methods A two-arm, single-blind clinical trial was performed. Following verification for eligibility (n = 447), 108 patients were included in the study. The study consisted of a group that received aPDT with methylene blue (n = 57) and another that received aPDT with curcumin (n = 51). The patients rinsed their mouths with an aqueous solution of 300 µmol/L of methylene blue and 8 µmol/L of curcumin in four sessions, and then the lesion was scraped for the subsequent RT-qPCR. The primary outcome was that no cure was presented for oral candidiasis after treatment. The secondary result was reducing the number of sites affected by oral candidiasis. Results There was no difference in treatment failure evaluated by the necessity of drug prescription or Candida sp DNA quantification. However, clinically the methylene blue protocol reduced the number of infected anatomical sites compared to the curcumin protocol. Conclusion Methylene blue aPDT reduced the number of infected anatomical sites compared to curcumin.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Candidíase Bucal , Curcumina , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Fotoquimioterapia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Candidíase Bucal/tratamento farmacológico , Curcumina/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Azul de Metileno/uso terapêutico , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Método Simples-CegoRESUMO
The aim of this study is to investigate the antineoplastic potential of photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by an aluminum-phthalocyanine chloride nanoemulsion (AlPc-NE), against an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line in vitro. Both OSCC (SCC9) and A431 cell lines were studied in vitro. Four study groups were used: Group 1 (phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]), Group 2 (PBS + 28.3 J/cm2 irradiation), Group 3 (AlPc-NE alone), and Group 4 (AlPc-NE + 28.3 J/cm2 irradiation). To test the effect of PDT with AlPc-NE, cell viability, migration, and cell death assays were performed. Moreover, the expressions of Ki-67 and TP53 were evaluated using immunoassays. The results showed that PDT mediated by all AlPc-NE concentrations evaluated (i.e., 0.7, 0.35, and 0.17 nM AlPc) significantly reduced the viability of SCC9 cells. Migration and cell death assays also revealed that PDT with AlPc-NE significantly reduced the rate of migration and increased cell death compared to the control groups. In addition, it was found that PDT with AlPc-NE reduced Ki-67 and mutated TP53 immunoexpression. PDT with AlPc-NE is effective in reducing the viability and migration of SCC9. Moreover, PDT with AlPc-NE nanoemulsions reduces the cell proliferation and expression of mutant TP53.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias Bucais , Nanopartículas , Compostos Organometálicos , Fotoquimioterapia , Alumínio , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Isoindóis , Antígeno Ki-67 , Neoplasias Bucais/tratamento farmacológico , Compostos Organometálicos/farmacologia , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Abstract We analyzed the distribution characteristics of the scientific production of Brazilian dentistry researchers of the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. The Lattes curriculum data of 211 researchers from Oral Pathology, Oral Surgery, and Oral Medicine fields were included (2018-2020). Over their academic career, 39 researchers published 7,555 papers (average, 175 articles/researcher); 3,876/7,555 papers were indexed in the Web of Science. During 2018-2020, 1,440/7,555 (19%) papers were published. Brazilian dental researchers contribute significantly to international research by participating in scientific journals' editorial boards, evaluating research promotion agencies, training researchers, and contributing to scientific and technological development.
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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of acupuncture on xerostomia in irradiated patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). STUDY DESIGN: A preventive, 2-arm, parallel, single-blind trial was performed. Patients with HNSCC (N = 296) were checked for eligibility, and 107 patients were enrolled in the study. The study comprised 1 group that did not receive the intervention (n = 55) and the interventional group that received traditional and auricular acupuncture (n = 52). The primary outcome was the reduction of the patients' xerostomia after treatment. In addition, the secondary outcome was the reduction of anxiety. RESULTS: The current acupuncture protocol reduced the xerostomia score and increased saliva volume and density without changing salivary pH. Additionally, acupuncture decreased the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) score after radiation therapy. CONCLUSION: Combining traditional and auricular acupuncture reduced xerostomia and increased saliva volume without changing the saliva's pH in irradiated patients with HNSCC. Additionally, the combination of traditional and auricular acupuncture reduced BAI scores.
Assuntos
Acupuntura Auricular , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Xerostomia , Ansiedade , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/radioterapia , Humanos , Método Simples-Cego , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço , Xerostomia/etiologia , Xerostomia/prevenção & controleRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) etiopathogenesis remains unclear, and the biological changes with the activation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and prion protein (PRNP) promoted by hypoxia in HNSC are undetermined. This study investigates hypoxia's effect in lymph node metastasis by PRNP expression changes and its main partners. METHODS: The study combined a theoretical/cell culture study with a case-control study. First, bioinformatics and cell culture were performed. A case-control study was performed in a second step by comparing HNSC patients with and without lymph node metastasis. ANALYSES: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data source validates the theory in the global population study. RESULTS: Bioinformatics analysis suggests that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1A) is associated with HSPA4, HSP90AA1 and PRNP expression. TCGA data validate the hypothesis that higher HSP90AA1, HSPA4 and PRNP are related to metastases and low survival. Herein, the cell study demonstrated that muted PRNP did not respond to hypoxia. DISCUSSION: Our results collectively provide the first evidence that PRNP promotes HNSC lymph node metastasis progression through the upregulation of HSPA4, HSP90AA1 and HIF1A. Our findings may provide a molecular basis for the promoting Role of PRNP in HNSC progression.
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Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Proteínas Priônicas , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/genética , Humanos , Proteínas Priônicas/genética , Prognóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Brazilian flora is rich in plants with medicinal properties, which though popular, has contributed to the development of a range of phytotherapic products that use plants to treat and cure diseases. However, studies that use Brazilian plants in the treatment of metabolic disorders are still scarce in the literature. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of hepatotoxicity Lafoensia pacari on the metabolism of mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet and to verify the phytochemical difference between the Lafoensia pacari bark of the trunk, leaves, and branches. METHODS: The plant material was collected from April to May in the municipality of Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil. Qualitative tests for the presence of secondary metabolite classes were performed for leaves, branches and bark of the trunk. Through histological analysis, we evaluated hepatocytes and cell lesions in the liver. RESULTS: The comparative phytochemical analysis of the plant did not reveal alterations between the different plant parts. The phytochemical test showed that is preferable to use the leaves to make the extract to be applied, aiming to reduce the plant aggression. After treatment, greater changes were observed in the animals that received the high-fat diet and the hydroethanolic extract; the levels of AST, ALT, albumin and creatinine that were increased, thus demonstrating a possible toxicity. There were no significant differences in body weight. In the histological analysis, the animals without plant treatment displayed decreased liver weight and reduction in the inflammatory infiltrate. CONCLUSION: We conclude that Lafoensia pacari should be better evaluated for oral consumption and may cause liver damage.
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Fármacos Antiobesidade/toxicidade , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Lythraceae/química , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Alanina Transaminase/metabolismo , Albuminas/metabolismo , Alcaloides/isolamento & purificação , Alcaloides/toxicidade , Animais , Fármacos Antiobesidade/química , Aspartato Aminotransferases/metabolismo , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Brasil , Creatinina/metabolismo , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Flavonoides/toxicidade , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Hepatócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatócitos/metabolismo , Hepatócitos/patologia , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Obesidade/etiologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/patologia , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Fenóis/toxicidade , Casca de Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Caules de Planta/química , Metabolismo Secundário , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase GPX1RESUMO
Obesity is a chronic disease caused multiple associated factors that results in excessive body fat accumulation. The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) unbalance is now recognized as a key factor on regulating body energy and metabolism. AIM: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Enalapril (ACE inhibitor) effects on the metabolic function and hepatic steatosis of obese mice evaluating Angiotensin Converting Enzymes (ACEs) expression. METHODS: The experiment was performed using 32 male Swiss mice (8 weeks old) equally and randomly divided into 4 groups (nâ¯=â¯8): standard diet (ST), standard diet plus Enalapril (STâ¯+â¯ENAL), hyperlipidic diet (HF) and hyperlipidic diet plus Enalapril (HFâ¯+â¯ENAL). Weekly measurements of animal weight and feed consumption were performed. At the end of treatment period a glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin sensitivity test (IST) were performed. Ultrasonography was used to evaluate hepatic and epididymal fat pad. Liver samples were submitted to HE histology and gene expression analyses were performed using Real-Time PCR. RESULTS: The main results showed a decrease in body weight after treatment with Enalapril, as well as a reduced size of epididymal fat pad (EFP). Hepatic echogenicity and steatosis measurement were lower in the obese groups treated with Enalapril also modulating ACE2/ACE expressions. CONCLUSIONS: Enalapril use improved metabolism reducing hepatic steatosis, decreasing ACE expression and increasing ACE2 expression.
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Dieta Hiperlipídica , Enalapril , Fígado , Peptidil Dipeptidase A , Animais , Glicemia/metabolismo , Resistência à Insulina , Masculino , Camundongos , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Oral cancer is a significant health problem worldwide. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant neoplasm of epithelial cells that mostly affects different anatomical sites in the head and neck and derives from the squamous epithelium or displays similar morphological characteristics. Generally, OSCC is often the end stage of several changes in the stratified squamous epithelium, which begin as epithelial dysplasia and progress by breaking the basement membrane and invading adjacent tissues. Several plant-based drugs with potent anti-cancer effects are considered inexpensive treatments with limited side effects for cancer and other diseases. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review is to explore whether some Brazilian plant extracts or constituents exhibit anti-tumorigenic activity or have a cytotoxic effect on human oral carcinoma cells. METHODS: Briefly, OSCC and several metabolites derived from Brazilian plants (i.e., flavonoids, vinblastine, irinotecan, etoposide and paclitaxel) were used as keywords to search the literature on PubMed, GenBank and GeneCards. RESULTS: The results showed that these five chemical compounds found in Cerrado Biome plants exhibit anti-neoplastic effects. Evaluating the compounds revealed that they play a main role in the regulation of cell proliferation. CONCLUSION: Preserving and utilising the biodiversity of our planet, especially in unique ecosystems, such as the Cerrado Biome, may prove essential to preserving and promoting human health in modern contexts.
Assuntos
Anticarcinógenos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Carcinogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Bucais/tratamento farmacológico , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Anticarcinógenos/química , Anticarcinógenos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Carcinogênese/genética , Carcinogênese/metabolismo , Carcinogênese/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Etoposídeo/química , Etoposídeo/isolamento & purificação , Etoposídeo/farmacologia , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Irinotecano/química , Irinotecano/isolamento & purificação , Irinotecano/farmacologia , Neoplasias Bucais/genética , Neoplasias Bucais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Proteínas de Neoplasias/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Paclitaxel/química , Paclitaxel/isolamento & purificação , Paclitaxel/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Plantas Medicinais , Vimblastina/química , Vimblastina/isolamento & purificação , Vimblastina/farmacologiaRESUMO
Cancer patients present a higher risk of experiencing anxiety disorders (AD). However, it is not clear if AD might be associated with cancer development. Thus, our study aimed to evaluate if AD might be related to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) development. The combination of an applied animal basic study and a retrospective diagnostic case and control study in patients was performed. As a result, we obtained that stress reduced the locomotor activity of the animals in the group stress and stress + 4NqO (p < 0.0001). The stress showed no influence on the progression of neoplasia in mice. In the same way, the case group did not present differences in anxiety scores in comparison to control. Moreover, no association between HNSCC staging and anxiety scores was observed. In conclusion, our in vivo findings in humans and animals have shown that there is no relationship between AD and oral squamous cell carcinoma.