Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis: In-Vitro Comparative Evaluation of Anti-arthritic and Anti-inflammatory Potential of Some Traditionally Used Medicinal Plants.

Background: Colchicum autumnale, Strychnous nux-vomica and Aloe barbadensis are the medicinal plants clinically utilized for the management of rhuematic disorders. Purpose: The present work was focused to evaluate the in-vitro anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory activities of Colchicum (Colchicum autumnale), Nux-vomica (Strychnous nux-vomica), and Aloe-vera (Aloe barbadensis). Research Design: Primarily, the aqueous-ethanolic extracts of these medicinal plants were phytochemically screened followed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis. Anti-arthritic activity by protein denaturation method and anti-inflammatory activity by human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method at the concentration of 125, 250, and 500 µg/mL along with standard were performed. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed that alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, phenols, and anthraquinones were found in all the extracts, and organic acids, amine group, aromatic or aliphatic compounds, esters and halogens, and phenolics were identified by FTIR. Protein denaturation method revealed that colchicum, nux-vomica, and aloe-vera showed maximum 98.5%, 99.6%, and 72.3% of inhibition at 500 µg/mL compared with that of standard drug, that is, Diclofenac sodium. Membrane stabilization method showed that colchicum, nux-vomica, and aloe-vera showed maximum 40.20%, 35.67%, and 40.1% protection at 500 µg/mL when compared with standard drug. Conclusion: It is concluded from the current study that extracts of colchicum, nux-vomica, and aloe-vera showed more potent effect and thus can be used as alternative options for the management of inflammatory and arthritic ailments.

Effectiveness of Mulligan mobilization and Kinesio-taping technique on the anterior innominate dysfunction in females.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of Mulligan mobilisation with Kinesio Tex tape on pain and disability in anterior innominate dysfunction in females. METHODS: The quasi-experimental study was conducted from March to August 2018 at the Allied Hospital and Javeed Medical Complex, Faisalabad, Pakistan, and comprised women with anterior innominate dysfunction. The subjects were divided into group A, which was treated with therapeutic ultrasound, Mulligan mobilisation and Kinesio taping, and group B, which was treated with therapeutic ultrasound and Mulligan mobilisation. Data was taken at baseline and after 10 days to measure pain and disability using visual analogue scale and Modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. RESULTS: Of the 30 women, there were 15(50%) in group A with a mean age of 32.80±6.02 years and 15(50%) in group B with a mean age of 34.20±6.51 years. Both groups showed significant improvement in pain and disability post-treatment (p<0.05), with group A showing more improvement than group B in terms of disability (p=0.001), but not in terms of pain (p=0.20). CONCLUSIONS: Both Mulligan mobilisation along with Kineso Tex tape and Mulligan mobilisation alone were found to be effective in reducing pain and disability, with the tape showing better improvement in pain and disability compared to those receiving mobilisation alone.

Identification of a novel homozygous TRAPPC9 gene mutation causing non-syndromic intellectual disability, speech disorder, and secondary microcephaly.

TRAPPC9 gene mutations have been linked recently to autosomal recessive mental retardation 13 (MRT13; MIM#613192) with only eight families reported world-wide. We assessed patients from two consanguineous pedigrees of Pakistani descent with non-syndromic intellectual disability and postnatal microcephaly through whole exome sequencing (WES) and cosegregation analysis. Here we report six further patients from two pedigrees with homozygous TRAPPC9 gene mutations, the novel nonsense mutation c.2065G>T (p.E689*) and the previously identified nonsense mutation c.1423C>T (p.R475*). We provide an overview of previously reported clinical features and highlight common symptoms and variability of MRT13. Common findings are intellectual disability and absent speech, and frequently microcephaly, motor delay and pathological findings on MRI including diminished cerebral white matter volume are present. Mutations in TRAPPC9 should be considered in non-syndromic autosomal recessive intellectual disability with severe speech disorder.