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1.
Iran J Public Health ; 48(12): 2240-2248, 2019 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31993393

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Accurate estimation of active general practitioners (GPs) is a concern for health authorities to estimate requirements. This study aimed to accurately estimate GPs active supply in Iran using three sources capture-recapture (CRC) method. METHODS: This cross-sectional study collected data during 2015-2016, targeting all GPs registered in three independent data sources; a national survey from all hospitals, database of human resource management office at health ministry and physicians' offices databank. Variables including medical council codes, GP names, surnames and national ID codes were used for data linkage among the three sources. Three sources CRC method was applied using log-linear models to estimate the total number of active GPs in STATA software. RESULTS: Overall, 27,048 GPs were identified after removing the duplicate records. Based on CRC three sources data, the total number of GPs were 53,630 in 2015-2016. Distribution of GPs per 1,000 population among the provinces indicates that provinces of Kohgiluyeh & Boyer Ahmad, Mazandaran, Golestan and Yazd with ratios of 1.28, 1.28, 1.21 and 1.17 physicians rank the highest proportion of GPs and the provinces of Sistan & Baluchestan, Ilam, Zanjan, Alborz, North Khorasan with corresponding ratios of 0.24, 0.40, 0.40, 0.43 and 0.45 GPs ranked the lowest. CONCLUSION: CRC method is known to be the best and rapidest method to estimate active GP due to its compatibility for the current situation of databanks in Iran. Therefore, this method is a good application in human resource distribution and planning.

2.
Mater Sociomed ; 28(4): 249-252, 2016 Jul 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27698595

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Ascendant trend of tuberculosis in the world introduces this disease to be one of the most important infectious diseases in the world. So that every year, 9 million people are afflicted to active TB and about 5.1 million people die of the disease. As the HIV contaminated cases are increased, emergence and spread field of Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) bacilli has been provided. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the Tuberculosis Control Program from 2005 to 2012 to determine the overall situation of disease epidemiology and prioritized strategies in disease control program within the south of Tehran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was extracted and analyzed retrospectively on the basis of records of all TB patients in TB health center and TB software in south Tehran in 2005-2012 years. RESULTS: From the total population under protection of health center of south Tehran, 99% are urban and 1% are rural. During 2005-2012, 1242 TB cases have been registered and they were treated by DOTS method. There were 553 cases of new smear-positive pulmonary TB (44%), 222 cases of smear-negative pulmonary TB (18%) and 336 cases of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (27%), 26 cases of recurrence (2%) and 11 cases of MDR (0.9%). Smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis has included 67.4% of all tuberculosis patients. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that, in accordance with TB worldwide statistics, at the health center of south Tehran, pulmonary TB is the most common form of the disease (67.4%). The incidence of smear-positive tuberculosis and all forms of TB cases has been an ascending trend over the period between 2005 and 2012.

3.
Electron Physician ; 8(9): 2911-2917, 2016 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27790343

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Forecasting the demand and supply of health manpower in an accurate manner makes appropriate planning possible. The aim of this paper was to review approaches and methods for health manpower forecasting and consequently propose the features that improve the effectiveness of this important process of health manpower planning. METHODS: A literature review was conducted for studies published in English from 1990-2014 using Pub Med, Science Direct, Pro Quest, and Google Scholar databases. Review articles, qualitative studies, retrospective and prospective studies describing or applying various types of forecasting approaches and methods in health manpower forecasting were included in the review. The authors designed an extraction data sheet based on study questions to collect data on studies' references, designs, and types of forecasting approaches, whether discussed or applied, with their strengths and weaknesses. RESULTS: Forty studies were included in the review. As a result, two main categories of approaches (conceptual and analytical) for health manpower forecasting were identified. Each approach had several strengths and weaknesses. As a whole, most of them were faced with some challenges, such as being static and unable to capture dynamic variables in manpower forecasting and causal relationships. They also lacked the capacity to benefit from scenario making to assist policy makers in effective decision making. CONCLUSIONS: An effective forecasting approach is supposed to resolve all the deficits that exist in current approaches and meet the key features found in the literature in order to develop an open system and a dynamic and comprehensive method necessary for today complex health care systems.

4.
BMC Health Serv Res ; 16: 476, 2016 09 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27604496

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Patient's satisfaction with hospital services is one of the most important indicators of efficiency and quality of services of different hospital wards. METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted in 2015. The study population included patients in gynecological hospitals of TUMS, and by using questionnaires; data were collected from 304 patients. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 22. RESULTS: The rights of patients were mainly observed through "quality of care" (Mean ± SD: 9.65 ± 2.62), "knowing the charges and the right to complain"; (Mean ± SD: 6.00 ± 2.5) "presence of an active system to handle complaints of patients in the hospital and explanation of the error that occurred during service provision to patients by the wrongdoer" is the lowest (7.5 ± 2.62). It was found that patients' satisfaction is below the mean and its different aspects are higher than the mean level. However, the services of physicians and feeding recorded the highest and lowest satisfaction, respectively (19.4 ± 4.25, 20.77 ± 4.39). The mean score of satisfaction of patients admitted with nursing physical care was 24.5 ± 6.2. CONCLUSION: Overall, patients' satisfaction with hospital services was close to the mean. Deficiencies and grievances should be resolved with a correct measure.


Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos em Ginecologia/normas , Ginecologia , Hospitais/normas , Direitos do Paciente , Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde/normas , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Médicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
5.
Acta Inform Med ; 24(2): 124-9, 2016 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27147805

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Information systems are "computer systems that collect, store, process, retrieve, show, and provide timely information required in practice, education, management, and research". The purpose of these systems is to support hospital activities in practical, tactical, and strategic levels in order to provide better service to patients. This study aimed to evaluate the communication and information system (MCI) in public hospitals in Sabzevar city in 2014 from the perspective of human resources according to international standards of the Joint Commission Accreditation Hospital (JCAH). METHODS: This study was a practical, descriptive, cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of Sabzevar nurses who used hospital information system. Sampling was done by classification method and in proportion to the number of nurses in each health care units in hospitals in 2014. The sample size was 200 and after referring to hospitals, 200 questionnaires were completed. Sample size was calculated by the formula n=Z(2)P (1-P)/d(2) with P=0.5, α=0.05, d=0.05, and Z=1.96. Data collection tool was the questionnaire of assessment of hospital information systems of JCAH, which has 124 specific questions, including 6 areas. To assess the effect of demographic variables with MCI standards of two questionnaires (feasibility and implementation), the following steps were taken. 1. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine whether responses were normal or not. 2. In case of normal data, t-test was used for dual groups and one-way ANOVA test for groups of three or more. 3. If not normal, Mann-Whitney test was used for dual groups and Kruskal-Wallis test for groups of three or more. RESULTS: Research findings show the mean results of feasibility and implementation of all 6 areas of international standards MCI have feasibility in three hospitals in Sabzevar in 20 sections (H1=105.01±10.468), (H1=196.31±4.662), (H2=104.26±9.099), (H2=195.33±3.778) (H3=106.48±11.545) and (H3=197.57±4.943), respectively. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the mean feasibility and implementation of all six areas of MCI international standards is practical in three hospitals in Sabzevar in 20 wards. Also, 50% of users in clinical departments, physicians, and nurses agreed to appropriateness of the hospital information and communication systems for doing their duties.

6.
Glob J Health Sci ; 8(9): 53909, 2016 9 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27157154

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Communicable Disease Surveillance and reporting is one of the key elements to combat against diseases and their control. Fast and timely recognition of communicable diseases can be helpful in controlling of epidemics. One of the main sources of management of communicable diseases reporting is hospitals that collect communicable diseases' reports and send them to health authorities. One of the focal problems and challenges in this regard is incomplete and imprecise reports from hospitals. In this study, while examining the implementation processes of the communicable diseases surveillance in hospitals, non-medical people who were related to the program have been studied by a qualitative approach. METHODS: This study was conducted using qualitative content analysis method. Participants in the study included 36 informants, managers, experts associated with health and surveillance of communicable diseases that were selected using targeted sampling and with diverse backgrounds and work experience (different experiences in primary health surveillance and treatment, Ministry levels, university staff and operations (hospitals and health centers) and sampling was continued until  arrive to data saturation. RESULTS: Interviews were analyzed after the elimination of duplicate codes and integration of them. Finally, 73 codes were acquired and categorized in 6 major themes and 21 levels. The main themes included: policy making and planning, development of resources, organizing, collaboration and participation, surveillance process, and monitoring and evaluation of the surveillance system. In point of interviewees, attention to these themes is necessary to develop effective and efficient surveillance system for communicable diseases. CONCLUSION: Surveillance system in hospitals is important in developing proper macro - policies in health sector, adoption of health related decisions and preventive plans appropriate to the existing situation. Compilation, changing, improving, monitoring and continuous updating of surveillance systems can play a significant role in its efficiency and effectiveness. In the meantime, policy makers' and senior managers' support in development and implementation of communicable disease surveillance' plans and their reporting plays a key and core role.

7.
Glob J Health Sci ; 8(9): 52449, 2016 9 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27157161

RESUMO

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Existence of doctors with high performance is one of the necessary conditions to provide high quality services. There are different motivations, which could affect their performance. Recognizing Factors which effect the performance of doctors as an effective force in health care centers is necessary. The aim of this article was evaluate the effective factors which influence on clinical performance of general surgery of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2015. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional qualitative-quantitative study. This research conducted in 3 phases-phases I: (use of library studies and databases to collect data), phase II: localization of detected factors in first phase by using the Delphi technique and phase III: prioritizing the affecting factors on performance of doctors by using qualitative interviews. RESULTS: 12 articles were analyzed from 300 abstracts during the evaluation process. The output of assessment identified 23 factors was sent to surgeons and their assistants for obtaining their opinions. Quantitative analysis of the findings showed that "work qualification" (86.1%) and "managers and supervisors style" (50%) have respectively the most and the least impact on the performance of doctors. Finally 18 effective factors were identified and prioritized in the performance of general surgeons. CONCLUSION: The results showed that motivation and performance is not a single operating parameter and it depends on several factors according to cultural background. Therefore it is necessary to design, implementation and monitoring based on key determinants of effective interventions due to cultural background.

8.
Mater Sociomed ; 28(1): 26-31, 2016 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27047263

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Organizational culture plays a supportive role in modification of structure and implementation of new management systems. So, the management of organizational culture with cultural elements recognition plays an important role in improving the efficacy and effectiveness of the organization. On the other hand, the health sector requires healthy and motivated practitioners and staff to achieve these goals. Job burnout as a response to environmental stressors causes some changes in attitude and behavior towards work and work environment, and factors such as organizational culture effect on it. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between organizational culture and employee's burnout. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The study population included all clinical staff (physicians and nurses) and nonclinical (administrative and financial) in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2014-2015. Among them, 387 participants were selected using simple stratified random sampling. In order to collect the required data, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (1981) and Hofstede's organizational cultural questionnaire (1988) were used. Also Cronbach's alpha obtained 0.836 and 0.913 for them, respectively. In order to analyze the data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, multiple regression, independent t-test and binomial test were performed using SPSS 20. RESULTS: Results showed that organizational culture in studied population were masculine, collectivism with high uncertainty avoidance and relatively equitable power distance. Mean score for emotional exhaustion was (31.4) and most of participants 315 (40.6%) had average emotional exhaustion. Mean score for depersonalization was (21.16) and most of participants 315 (82.1%) had high depersonalization. Mean score for personal accomplishment was (30.02) and most of participants 280 (73.2%) had high personal accomplishment. Multiple correlation coefficient showed that there is a significant relationship between the components of organizational culture including masculinity/femininity, individualism/collectivism, uncertainty avoidance and power distance with job burnout (r=0.305, p>0.001). R(2) also showed that 9.3 percent of the variance of job burnout is related to the mentioned factors. CONCLUSION: The overall result is that some staff health issues rooted in their culture; so, the organizational culture assessment by hospital managers to plan and goals achievement is essential. If necessary, improving organizational culture, creating a healthy environment, enhancing tolerance and individual adjustment and stress control can help to reduce staff burnout.

9.
Glob J Health Sci ; 8(5): 166-74, 2015 Sep 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26652076

RESUMO

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Because of social progress, population growth, industrialization, and the requirements of some jobs, a significant percentage of employees are working in shifts. Shift work is considered a threat to health that could have unfavorable effects on various aspects of human life. This study investigated the relationship between shift work and the personality traits of nurses and their coping strategies in a selection of non-governmental hospitals in Tehran in 2014. METHODS: This applied cross-sectional descriptive research employed the Standard Shift work Index and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) which, after confirmation of its validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.73), were distributed among 305 nurses from 6 non-governmental hospitals in Tehran selected through cluster random sampling. Data was analyzed in two statistical levels: descriptive and inferential. RESULTS: Results revealed that 43.6% of the nurses participating in the study were introverted and 56.4% were extroverted. There are significant relationships between age and physical health (P=0.008), sex and physical health (P=0.015), educational level and physical health (P=0.014), sex and cognitive, somatic anxiety (P=0.006), age and social-family status (P=0.001), marital status and social-family status (P=0.001), having a second job and social-family status (P=0.001), educational level and sleep and fatigue (P=0.002), work experience and coping strategies (P=0.044), and sleep and fatigue and personality traits (P=0.032). CONCLUSION: Complying with the standards of working hours for nurses and avoiding overtime when scheduling, especially for nurses with more work experience, can prevent the severe complications of shift work, enhance health, and ultimately enhance the quality of care. By improving the physical, psychological, and social health of nurses, the quality of patient care can be expected to improve, too.


Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar/psicologia , Personalidade , Admissão e Escalonamento de Pessoal , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Estudos Transversais , Fadiga/epidemiologia , Feminino , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Satisfação no Emprego , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores Sexuais , Sono , Fatores Socioeconômicos
10.
Glob J Health Sci ; 8(5): 110-9, 2015 Sep 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26652087

RESUMO

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The aim of this investigation is to determine the mean scores of the possibility of implementing the MCI standards in Khorasan Razavi hospitals, from the perspective of Managers, in order to provide a suitable model for evaluating and promoting the system. METHODS: This was a Research and method (R&D) and Survey Research method, which is of the type of Cross- Sectional, descriptive-analytic Studies conducted in two steps in hospitals of Khorasan Razavi from July to December 2014. This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) in 2013/6/10. About the nature and purpose of the study was explained to the participants. Were used to apply functional assessment, based on Accreditation Model. In order to collect data, two questionnaires were used, all of which were taken from the standards of MCI. The reliability and validity of the questionnaires were approved by experts.Cronbach's alphas for the questionnaires were obtained to be (0.95, 0.86), respectively. In order to analyze information, statistical analyses, including one way ANOVA, and Independent sample t-test were used. RESULTS: The mean scores of the possibility of implementing the MCI standards in Khorasan Razavi hospitals, were (51.6 and 12.27), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: According to half (43.8%) of managers, the MCI standards are applicable in hospitals of Khorasan Razavi; however, their application requires greater efforts by the hospitals.


Assuntos
Comunicação , Gestão da Informação em Saúde/normas , Administração Hospitalar/normas , Estudos Transversais , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde/normas , Feminino , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Liderança , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
11.
Glob J Health Sci ; 8(4): 127-35, 2015 Jul 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26573052

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: More than 8% of Iran's populations are elderly. The greatest challenge in this generation is improvement of health and QoL.The main goal of this study was QoL for elderly residents in nursing homes over 65 years in Golestan Province - Iran. METHODS: This research was an analytical cross study. The population society includes the elderly over 65 years in Golestan Province - Iran. The sample size was calculated based on the correlation of 193 elderly men and women. Therefore, if the correlation is 2.0 or greater is statistically significant at 80% and 0.95 confidence. The needed data collected from two questionnaires Consumer product Safety Commission (CPSC) to assess the QOL of nursing homes and the SF-36 for health QOL the elderly indicators through interviews and observation. The reliability of the CPSC questionnaire was estimated using Cronbach's alpha with a coefficient of 0.838. The SF-36 questionnaire was validated with Cronbach's alpha with a coefficient of 0.95. To analyze data, ANOVA one-way test was used that after investigating homogenization of variances with Levin statistic, if homogenization reported P is rejected, the independent T-test was used to interpret it. RESULTS: Among QOL dimensions only General Health (GH) status showed a significant association with supporting organizations covering status (P = 0.01). The relationship between QOL with marital status in both genders was observed that the General Health (GH) (P = 0.001), Physical Functioning (PF) P = (0.007) Mobility Restricts (MR) P = (0.002), Emotional Problems (EP) (P = 0.001), vitality (V) (P = 0.001), Mental Health (MH) (P = 0.001) were significantly related. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant relationship between the Physical Functioning (PF) mean and the mean of other QOL indicators in two groups of male and female (P = 0.007), also the safety of nursing homes just related respectively with residence variable (P = 0.01) and their employment (P = 0.031).


Assuntos
Casas de Saúde , Qualidade de Vida , Atividades Cotidianas , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Avaliação da Deficiência , Feminino , Avaliação Geriátrica , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários
12.
Glob J Health Sci ; 8(2): 137-55, 2015 Jun 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26383216

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hospitals are complex organizations that require strong and effective management. The success of such organizations depends on the performance of managers. This study provides a comprehensive set of indicators to assess the performance of hospital managers in Iranian Ministry of Health owned hospitals. METHODS: This research was a cross-sectional study. First, reviewing the literature and using experts' viewpoints and convening a panel of experts, the dimensions of performance have been selected and came in the form of a performance model. Then, using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP), the chosen dimensions were weighted. Finally, based on the weighted performance dimensions, a questionnaire was designed and after confirming the reliability and validity, through a census, 407 senior and middle managers from 10 hospitals in Yazd, Iran completed it and performance of CEOs in these hospitals was evaluated using the Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity Ideal Solution (FTOPSIS). RESULTS: To measure the performance of hospital managers, a performance assessment model consisted of 19 sub-dimensions in 5 main dimensions (Functional, Professional, Organizational, Individual and Human) was developed. The functional area had the most weight and the individual area had the least weight, as well. The hospital managers had different performance levels in each category and sub-dimensions. In terms of overall performance, the hospital managers C and H had the best and the worst performance, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The use of appropriate dimensions for performance, prioritizing them and evaluating the performance of hospital managers using appropriate techniques, can play an effective role in the selection of qualified managers, identifying strengths and weaknesses in performance and continuous improvement of them.


Assuntos
Avaliação de Desempenho Profissional/métodos , Lógica Fuzzy , Administração Hospitalar , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Inquéritos e Questionários
13.
Glob J Health Sci ; 8(7): 68-76, 2015 Nov 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26925904

RESUMO

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the elderly quality of life of people covered by the healthcare centers in Tehran and its influencing demographic and background factors. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study of quality of life of the elderly population covered by healthcare centers and bases in Tehran, as well as the influential background and demographic factors. Sampling was performed using simple random stratified sampling proportionate to the size of strata. Data were collected using the Iranian version of the standard questionnaire Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). RESULTS: According to the findings, 240 (60%) of the cases were men and 160 (40%) were women. Regarding age distribution, 76.3% fell in the 60-69 age range and 87.2% were illiterate. 18% of the elderly stated that they have financial problems and 19.5% did not express any financial problems. While studying the relationship between financial status and health status with the mean scores of quality of life, statistically significant differences were observed in all domains (p=0.032<0.001). The mean quality of life was lower in women compared to men. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study indicate that the health-related quality of life in the elderly population is influenced by their health status and demographic and background variables.


Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde para Idosos/normas , Qualidade de Vida , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Demografia , Feminino , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários
14.
Gerontol Geriatr Med ; 1: 2333721415599702, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28138463

RESUMO

This study evaluated the criteria for quality of life (QoL) using standardized short-form health survey with only 36 questions (SF-36; Version 2.0) and Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) questionnaires to study the relationship between QoL and living conditions of seniors in Golestan province in Iran. This was an analytical cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytical parts. The population was individuals above 65 years of age in Golestan province in Iran. The sample size was calculated based on the correlation coefficient; a correlation of .2 or greater was considered statistically significant at 80% for the power of the test at the 95% confidence level. The data on QoL of seniors were collected by interview and observation using the CPSC questionnaire for nursing homes and the SF-36 for QoL health indicators. The reliability of the CPSC questionnaire was estimated using Cronbach's alpha with a coefficient of .838. The SF-36 questionnaire was validated with Cronbach's alpha with a coefficient of .95. Chi-square and logistic regression were used to interpret the probability of abnormal QoL between levels of independent predictors. The percentage of seniors in overall poor health as a binary outcome was 43.5, and the percentage of unsafe conditions was 49.8.

15.
Iran J Public Health ; 43(6): 778-86, 2014 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26110148

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to explore some risk factors affected the mean of the number of tuberculosis (TB) in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran between 2001 and 2010. METHODS: Our time series study analyzed the data of 2,560 TB patients as registered with TB Patients Care System in West Azerbaijan Province from early 2001 to 2010. A checklist was prepared for collecting the data and they were then analyzed in SPSS V.16 software. RESULTS: The percentage of male and percentage of female were close to each other (52.2% against 47.8%, respectively). A significant increasing trend of TB rate was found over the years of 2001and 2010 with a pick at 2008 (P<0.001). A Poisson log-linear analysis showed that the most important risk factor of the trend of rate was the level of education so that people with primary level or with illiterate level had a statistically significant TB rate of 5.21 (4.66-5.81), adjusted for years. The next risk factor was type of TB and place of residency, i.e., pulmonary TB cases had higher rate than External pulmonary TB cases (RR=1.67; (1.54-1.80). The last factor with the lowest risk was BCG with RR=1.29 (1.20-1.40) for people who received BCG compared to the people who had not received it. CONCLUSION: Although the co morbidity of AIDS and TB was not a major problem, it is necessary that special attention be paid to the way of implementing the TB control program based on the demographic risk factors of the study population.

17.
Iran J Public Health ; 42(4): 410-6, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23785681

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Self-confidence is a glorious feature of an effective administrator. Their main goal is the organizational success. Therefore, we approached this idea by evaluating the self-confidence of nursing Administration in Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Teaching Hospitals and its relation to vocational satisfaction of the staff. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, we interviewed 200 nursing administrators and 200 staff in different departments of the TUMS Teaching Hospitals using a standardized questionnaire to assess the self-confidence among nursing administrators and staff satisfaction. Data were entered in SPSS (17.0) and analyzed using this software and STATA (11.0) using non-parametric tests and Spearman's correlation of coefficient. The significant level was set as P<0.05. RESULTS: Of 200 nursing administrators 58 (29%) were male and 142 (71%) were female. Mean ± SD of the self-confidence score for the nursing administrators was 134.9 ± 19.8. Among the staff 68 (34%) were male and 132 (66%) were female. The mean ± SD of the vocational satisfaction for staff was 89.12 ± 18.3. After considering the effect of departments in a regression model, the correlation between nursing administration's self-confidence and the staff's vocational satisfaction was found not significant (P=0.055). CONCLUSION: Gender and years of employment were the only factors affecting self-confidence and vocational satisfaction between the nursing administration and staff respectively, which not significantly correlated after adjustment.

19.
Dent Res J (Isfahan) ; 8(2): 71-9, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22013466

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Educational evaluation is a process which deals with data collection and assessment of academic activities' progress. In this research, educational evaluation of Dentistry School of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, which trains students in undergraduate and residency courses, was studied. METHODS: This descriptive study was done with a model of educational evaluation in ten steps and 13 fields including purposes and mission objectives, management and organization, academic board members, students, human resources and support, educational, research, health and treatment spaces, educational, diagnostic, research and laboratory tools, educational, research, health and treatment programs and courses, process of teaching and learning, evaluation and assessment, alumni, and patients satisfaction. Data were collected using observation, interviews, questionnaires, and checklists. RESULTS: Results of the study were mainly qualitative and in some cases quantitative, based on defined optimal situation. The total mean of qualitative results of educational evaluation of dentistry school in all 13 fields was 55.98% which is relatively desirable. In the case of quantitative ones, results of some fields such as treatment quality of patients and education and learning of the students were relatively desirable (61.32% and 60.16% respectively). CONCLUSION: According to the results, educational goals and missions, educational and research facilities and spaces which were identified as the weakest areas need to be considered and paid more serious attention.

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