Immunoinformatic of novel self-amplifying mRNA vaccine lipid nanoparticle against SARS-CoV-2.

We developed innovative self-amplifying mRNA (sa-mRNA) vaccine based on the derivative of S and Nsp3 proteins, which are considered crucial adhering to human host cells. We performed B-cell, Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I, and II epitope which were merged with the KK and GPGPG linker. We also incorporated 5' cap sequence, Kozak sequence, replicase sequence, 3'/5' UTR, and poly A tail within the vaccine structure. The vaccine structure was subsequently docked and run the molecular dynamic simulation with TLR7 molecules. As the results of immune response simulation, the immune response was accelerated drastically up to >10-fold for immunoglobulin, interferon-γ, interleukin-2, immunoglobulin M (IgM) + immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype, IgM isotype, and IgG1 isotype in secondary and tertiary dose, whereas natural killer cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells showed relatively high concentrations after the first dose. As our finding, the IgM + IgG, IgG1 + IgG2, and IgM level (induced by sa-mRNA vaccine) ensued three times with two-fold increase in days 25, and 50, then decreased after days 70-150. However, 150-350 days demonstrated constantly in the range of 20,000-21,000.

Quantification and Pathogenicity of Candida albicans in Denture-Wearing and Nondenture-Wearing Elderly.

OBJECTIVE: The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the microbial loads and pathogenicity traits of oral Candida albicans in denture-wearing (DW; n = 15) and nondenture-wearing (NDW; n = 15) elderly persons. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The fungal counts of the saliva, tongue dorsa, and prosthesis-fitting surfaces of the participants were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction to compare the quantity and expression of selected C. albicans biofilm-associated genes (ALS3, HWP1, and YWP1). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The obtained data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, followed by Bartlett's test. When appropriate, the Student's t-test was also used; a value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: In both groups, the count of C. albicans was found to be significantly higher in saliva than in other oral samples. The expression of the hypha-specific genes (ALS3 and HWP1) in the tongue dorsa was higher in the DW group (p < 0.05), whereas the transcription level of the yeast-specific gene (YWP1) was significantly higher in the NDW group. CONCLUSION: Both tongue dorsa and dentures appear to be sharing factors that are important for C. albicans biofilm growth in abiotic and biotic oral surfaces of the elderly.