Structural Insights into N-heterocyclic Moieties as an Anticancer Agent against Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Exhaustive Perspective.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rapidly spreading around the world with a high mortality rate. In the low- and middle-income nations most impacted by HCV and HBV infections, HCC places a significant strain on the healthcare system and leaches productive capability. An extensive study on HCC to create novel therapeutic approaches was motivated by the lack of adequate preventive or curative therapy methods. Several medications have been put forward and some drug molecules are under investigation by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HCC. However, these therapeutic choices fall short of the ideal due to toxicity and the rapid rise in drug resistance which decreases the efficacy of these therapeutics and leads to the severity of hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, concerning these problems, there is a critical need for novel systemic combination therapies as well as novel molecular entities that target various signalling pathways, reducing the likelihood that cancer cells may develop treatment resistance. In this review, we discuss the conclusions of several studies suggesting that the N-heterocyclic ring system is a key structural component of many synthetic drugs with a diverse range of biological activities. Following nuclei, such as pyridazine, pyridine, and pyrimidines, along with benzimidazole, indole, acridine, oxadiazole, imidazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, quinolines, and quinazolines, have been included to provide a general overview of the link between structure and activity between heterocyclics and their derivatives against hepatocellular carcinoma. A comprehensive investigation of the structure-activity relationship between the series may be done by the direct comparison of anticancer activities with the reference.

Curcumin and its Derivatives Targeting Multiple Signaling Pathways to Elicit Anticancer Activity: A Comprehensive Perspective.

The uncontrolled growth and spread of aberrant cells characterize the group of disorders known as cancer. According to GLOBOCAN 2022 analysis of cancer patients in either developed countries or developing countries the main concern cancers are breast cancer, lung cancer, and liver cancer which may rise eventually. Natural substances with dietary origins have gained interest for their low toxicity, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. The evaluation of dietary natural products as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents, the identification, characterization, and synthesis of their active components, as well as the enhancement of their delivery and bioavailability, have all received significant attention. Thus, the treatment strategy for concerning cancers must be significantly evaluated and may include the use of phytochemicals in daily lifestyle. In the present perspective, we discussed one of the potent phytochemicals, that has been used over the past few decades known as curcumin as a panacea drug of the "Cure-all" therapy concept. In our review firstly we included exhausted data from in-vivo and in-vitro studies on breast cancer, lung cancer, and liver cancer which act through various cancer-targeting pathways at the molecular level. Now, the second is the active constituent of turmeric known as curcumin and its derivatives are enlisted with their targeted protein in the molecular docking studies, which help the researchers design and synthesize new curcumin derivatives with respective implicated molecular and cellular activity. However, curcumin and its substituted derivatives still need to be investigated with unknown targeting mechanism studies in depth.

Congenital Pyloric Atresia: Experience with a Series of 11 Cases and Collective Review.

INTRODUCTION: Pyloric atresia is a rare cause of congenital gastric outlet obstruction. It is often associated with epidermolysis bullosa (EB). Rarity and experience with 11 cases are the reason for this publication. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim and objective of this study is to present our experience of 11 cases of congenital pyloric atresia and correlate with available literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was retrospective cohort of 11 cases correlative comparative study. Data of all the 11 cases from 1982 to 2019 were collected, reviewed, and analyzed. The parameters studied included age, gender, antenatal diagnosis, postnatal diagnosis, preoperative management, intraoperative findings, postoperative course outcome, associated anomalies, and any genetic studies if done. All these parameters were compared with published data. RESULTS: There were 11 cases in the present series with six boys and five girls. Most of them presented at varying periods from birth to day 1 of life. DISCUSSION: Congenital pyloric atresia may be isolated or associated with EB. Three varieties of pyloric atresia were described. Association with EB increases the mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Review and analysis of 11 cases of pyloric atresia compared with published literature is being reported.