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Chronic liver diseases, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC are often a consequence of persistent inflammation. However, the transition mechanisms from a normal liver to fibrosis, then cirrhosis, and further to HCC are not well understood. This study focused on the role of the tumor stem cell protein doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) in the modulation of molecular factors in fibrosis, cirrhosis, or HCC. Serum samples from patients with hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC were analyzed via ELISA or NextGen sequencing and were compared with control samples. Differentially expressed (DE) microRNAs (miRNA) identified from these patient sera were correlated with DCLK1 expression. We observed elevated serum DCLK1 levels in fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC patients; however, TGF-ß levels were only elevated in fibrosis and cirrhosis. While DE miRNAs were identified for all three disease states, miR-12136 was elevated in fibrosis but was significantly increased further in cirrhosis. Additionally, miR-1246 and miR-184 were upregulated when DCLK1 was high, while miR-206 was downregulated. This work distinguishes DCLK1 and miRNAs' potential role in different axes promoting inflammation to tumor progression and may serve to identify biomarkers for tracking the progression from pre-neoplastic states to HCC in chronic liver disease patients as well as provide targets for treatment.
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Quinases Semelhantes a Duplacortina , Inflamação , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular , Cirrose Hepática , Neoplasias Hepáticas , MicroRNAs , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases , Humanos , MicroRNAs/sangue , MicroRNAs/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/sangue , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/genética , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/sangue , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/sangue , Cirrose Hepática/genética , Cirrose Hepática/sangue , Inflamação/genética , Inflamação/sangue , Masculino , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/sangue , Feminino , Doença Crônica , Hepatopatias/sangue , Hepatopatias/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carcinogênese/genética , Idoso , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genéticaRESUMO
Chronic liver injury is a risk factor for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The molecular mechanisms that regulate the decision between normal injury repair and neoplastic initiation are unclear. Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), a tumor stem cell marker, is induced during cirrhosis and HCC. Here, we demonstrate that DCLK1-overexpressing primary human hepatocytes formed spheroids in suspension cultures. Spheroids derived from DCLK1-overexpressing hepatoma cells showed high level expression of active ß-catenin, α-fetoprotein, and SOX9, suggesting that DCLK1 overexpression induces clonogenicity and dedifferentiated phenotypes in hepatoma cells. DCLK1 overexpression in hepatoma cells also increased phosphorylation of GSK-3ß at Ser9. This was associated with an induction of a 48-kDa active ß-catenin with a preserved hypophosphorylated N-terminus that interacted with nuclear TCF-4 resulting in luciferase reporter activity and cyclin D1 expression. DCLK1 downregulation inhibited 48-kDa ß-catenin expression. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib did not block the 48-kDa ß-catenin, instead, caused a threefold accumulation, suggesting a proteasome-independent mechanism. Liver tissues from patients with cirrhosis and HCC revealed epithelial co-staining of DCLK1 and active ß-catenin, and cleaved E-cadherin. Repopulated DCLK1-overexpressing primary human hepatocytes in humanized FRG mouse livers demonstrated active ß-catenin. In conclusion, DCLK1 regulates oncogenic signaling and clonogenicity of hepatocytes by a novel non-canonical/atypical ß-catenin-dependent mechanism.
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Hepatócitos/citologia , Hepatócitos/metabolismo , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , beta Catenina/metabolismo , Animais , Carcinogênese , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Quinases Semelhantes a Duplacortina , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta/metabolismo , Células Hep G2 , Hepatócitos/enzimologia , Hepatócitos/patologia , Xenoenxertos , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição SOX9/metabolismo , Esferoides Celulares , alfa-Fetoproteínas/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Oral direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) provide an exceptional opportunity to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. GOALS: We compared the treatment outcomes between specialty and primary care physician (PCP) clinics for patients treated with DAAs. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients treated for HCV in our PCP clinics and specialty; liver and gastroenterology clinics and gastroenterology clinics. We used the two-sided t-test and the chi-square test to compare the means of continuous and categorical variables, respectively. RESULTS: Data from a total of 377 patients was analyzed (PCP clinic: n = 185 and specialty clinic: n = 192). There was no significant difference between age, race, and gender. Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) and Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) scores were comparable at baseline. Greater than 90% of the patients achieved sustained virological response (SVR) with no difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Uncomplicated patients can be treated for hepatitis C by their PCPs with DAAs with similar treatment outcomes to specialty clinics. There should be explicit guidelines on patient eligibility for treatment by PCPs vs. specialists.
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Introduction Multiple studies have shown the efficacy of the new direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) with a cure rate of over 90% in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients. Some recently published studies have suggested an increased incidence of de novo and recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhotic patients in sustained virological response (SVR) after completing therapy. A possible mechanism is the breakdown of immune surveillance after starting DAAs. We report a retrospective analysis on a population of chronic HCV infected patients, with and without a prior history of HCC, who developed HCC after receiving DAAs in the hope of adding to existing literature and in pursuit of greater clarity into this emerging concern with DAAs. Methods We analyzed 497 HCV-infected patients who were treated with DAAs, or a combination of DAA with interferon, from January 2014 to April 2017 at the Veterans Medical Center, Oklahoma City. Descriptive analysis, including the mean and standard deviation for different variables, was used. The cohort was divided into two groups: cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic. The analysis was run in the cirrhotic group between the subgroups who developed HCC and who did not. Results Data from a total of 233 cirrhotic patients were analyzed. We further subdivided these patients into those who eventually were diagnosed with HCC (group 1) and those who were not (group 2). These subgroups were comparable in regards to race, gender, baseline serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), platelets, sodium, HCV genotypes, and pretreatment viral load. All patients completed therapy. The rate of SVR was much lower in group 1 compared to group 2 (62.5% vs 88.94%, p = 0.002), respectively. Model End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score, and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score were higher in the group that developed HCC. The average time period (weeks) from DAA therapy to HCC diagnosis was 48.2 weeks. The remaining 264 non-cirrhotic patients had no reported cases of HCC. Conclusion From a total of 497 treated HCV-infected patients, 233 (46.88 %) had cirrhosis, out of which 16 (6.86%) were reported to develop HCC during or after DAA therapy was initiated. The remaining 217 (93.1%) cirrhotic patients did not develop HCC. As per our comparison, achieving SVR in cirrhotic patients should not preclude HCC screening, and more studies are needed to assess the risk of HCC in patients who achieve SVR but have a high FIB-4 score. In fact, patients who do not achieve SVR may be at a higher risk of eventually developing HCC and may be candidates for closer surveillance.
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BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common cause of cirrhosis, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Treatment of the underlying etiology has been shown to improve fibrosis and cirrhosis. AIM: We sought to evaluate the impact of a sustained virologic response on liver chemistries, model for end stage liver disease (MELD) score, Child-Pugh-Turcotte score (CPT), and fibrosis 4 score (FIB4) in patients with liver cirrhosis secondary to HCV with portal hypertension, with or without decompensation. METHODS: Patients with HCV seen in our transplant clinic between June 2013 and September 2015 were identified using ICD-9 code 573.3. Charts were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: We collected data from 92 patients with a mean pretreatment MELD score of 9.16±2.98. The most common genotype was Ia, n=79 (86%). The mean duration of follow-up was 7.52±2.25 months. Transaminitis improved significantly at follow-up versus pretreatment [mean aspartate transaminase from 81.2±62.9 to 32.4±12.0 (P<0.0001); alanine transaminase 74.7±77.8 to 27.7±19.4 (P<0.0001)]. Albumin, bilirubin, and α-fetoprotein improved significantly. MELD scores improved in patients with pretreatment scores greater than 10 (P<0.0003), but not in patients with pretreatment scores less than 10 (P=0.501). The CPT score decreased from 6.1±0.9 to 5.8±0.9 (P<0.0024). The FIB4 score improved significantly in patients with baseline FIB4 more than 3.24, but not with higher baseline FIB4. CONCLUSION: Use of direct antivirals in patients with decompensated cirrhosis because of HCV leads to improved MELD, FIB4, and CPT scores.
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Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Cirrose Hepática/virologia , Adulto , Idoso , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Bilirrubina/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Hepacivirus/isolamento & purificação , Hepatite C Crônica/sangue , Hepatite C Crônica/complicações , Hepatite C Crônica/virologia , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Albumina Sérica/metabolismo , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resposta Viral Sustentada , Resultado do Tratamento , alfa-FetoproteínasRESUMO
Gastric heterotopia refers to the discovery of normal gastric tissue at foreign, unexpected sites. It has been described anywhere in the alimentary tract, even in the mediastinum, scrotum, and spinal cord. It is not uncommonly seen in the oesophagus or small intestine. However, large bowel lesions are rare, with the most common location of colonic lesions is the rectum. Although it is a rare entity, it may be the source for significant problems such as rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, deep rectal pain, and malignancy. Here, we report an additional case of gastric heterotopia in the rectum of a 56year old gentleman, and review the literature.
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Coristoma/diagnóstico , Mucosa Gástrica , Doenças Retais/diagnóstico , Colonoscopia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças RarasRESUMO
Tumor stem cell marker Doublecortin-like kinase1 (DCLK1) is upregulated in several solid tumors. The role of DCLK1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. We immunostained tissues from human livers with HCC, cirrhosis controls (CC), and non-cirrhosis controls (NCC) for DCLK1. Western blot and ELISA analyses for DCLK1 were performed with stored plasma samples. We observed increased immunoreactive DCLK1 in epithelia and stroma in HCC and CCs compared with NCCs, and observed a marked increase in plasma DCLK1 from patients with HCC compared with CC and NCC. Analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas' HCC dataset revealed that DCLK1 is overexpressed in HCC tumors relative to adjacent normal tissues. High DCLK1-expressing cells had more epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Various tumor suppressor miRNAs were also downregulated in HCC tumors. We evaluated the effects of DCLK1 knockdown on Huh7.5-derived tumor xenograft growth. This was associated with growth arrest and a marked downregulation of cMYC, and EMT transcription factors ZEB1, ZEB2, SNAIL, and SLUG via let-7a and miR-200 miRNA-dependent mechanisms. Furthermore, upregulation of miR-143/145, a corresponding decrease in pluripotency factors OCT4, NANOG, KLF4, and LIN28, and a reduction of let-7a, miR-143/145, and miR-200-specific luciferase activity was observed. These findings suggest that the detection of elevated plasma DCLK1 may provide a cost-effective, less invasive tool for confirmation of clinical signs of cirrhosis, and a potential companion diagnostic marker for patients with cirrhosis and HCC. Our results support evaluating DCLK1 as a biomarker for detection and as a therapeutic target for eradicating HCC.
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Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Terapia Genética/métodos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/sangue , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/sangue , Terapêutica com RNAi , Animais , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/sangue , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/enzimologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Quinases Semelhantes a Duplacortina , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/genética , Fator 4 Semelhante a Kruppel , Cirrose Hepática/sangue , Cirrose Hepática/enzimologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/sangue , Neoplasias Hepáticas/enzimologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Camundongos Nus , MicroRNAs/genética , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/enzimologia , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/patologia , Fenótipo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Interferência de RNA , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transdução de Sinais , Fatores de Tempo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Transfecção , Carga Tumoral , Regulação para Cima , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Mysterious aspects of the long presumed to be well-known hepatitis E virus (HEV) have recently surfaced that distinguish it from other hepatotropic viruses. It is a cause of chronic hepatitis in immunosuppressed patients. It has human to human transmission through blood and mantains high seroprevalence in blood donors. HEV has also been found to occur more frequently in the West in those without a history of travel to endemic countries. It has varied extrahepatic manifestations and has multiple non-human reservoirs including pigs and rats. Considering these recent discoveries, it appears odd that HEV is not sought more frequently when working up acute and chronic hepatitis patients. The disease is particularly severe among pregnant women and has a high attack rate in young adults. What adds to its ambiguity is the absence of a well-established diagnostic criteria for its detection and that there is no specific antiviral drug for hepatitis E, except for isolated cases where ribavirin or pegylated interferon alpha has been used with occasional success. This review paper discusses the recent advances in the knowledge of the virus itself, its epidemiology, diagnostic approach and prevention, and the treatment options available.
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Cirrhosis results from progressive fibrosis and is the final outcome of all chronic liver disease. It is among the ten leading causes of death in United States. Cirrhosis can result in portal hypertension and/or hepatic dysfunction. Both of these either alone or in combination can lead to many complications, including ascites, varices, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatopulmonary syndrome, and coagulation disorders. Cirrhosis and its complications not only impair quality of life but also decrease survival. Managing patients with cirrhosis can be a challenge and requires an organized and systematic approach. Increasing physicians' knowledge about prevention and treatment of these potential complications is important to improve patient outcomes. A literature search of the published data was performed to provide a comprehensive review regarding the management of cirrhosis and its complications.
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Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Cirrose Hepática/terapia , Ascite/etiologia , Ascite/terapia , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/terapia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/etiologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas/etiologia , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas/terapia , Encefalopatia Hepática/etiologia , Encefalopatia Hepática/terapia , Síndrome Hepatopulmonar/etiologia , Síndrome Hepatopulmonar/terapia , Síndrome Hepatorrenal/etiologia , Síndrome Hepatorrenal/terapia , Humanos , Hipertensão Portal/etiologia , Hipertensão Portal/terapia , Hiponatremia/etiologia , Hiponatremia/terapia , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico , Cirrose Hepática/etiologia , Cirrose Hepática/mortalidade , Neoplasias Hepáticas/etiologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Peritonite/microbiologia , Peritonite/terapia , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aims of this study are to evaluate the natural history and response to therapy of patients following a hepatitis C outbreak in a pain management clinic. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients who acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) at a pain management clinic. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 77% of patients with hepatitis C included in the outbreak to obtain data regarding laboratory results, treatment, and outcomes. Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Student's t-test were used to determine variables that were significantly associated with spontaneous clearance or sustained virologic response to therapy. RESULTS: Fifty Caucasian patients (31 women, 19 men; mean age 52 years) were included. Eleven of 50 (22%) patients cleared HCV spontaneously (clearers). The mean age of clearers was 47 years as compared with 57 years for nonclearers (P = 0.04). Liver biopsies were obtained by treating gastroenterologists in 31 patients with mean grade and stage of 2.1 and 1.7, respectively. Gastroenterologists treated 31 of 39 patients with pegylated interferon and ribavirin after a median of 354 (range 140-1,099) days post exposure. Sustained viral response (SVR) was observed in 65% (20/31) on an intention-to-treat basis. In patients who completed therapy, 91% (20/22) achieved SVR. Age, sex, weight, pretreatment alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and histologic parameters were not associated with SVR. CONCLUSIONS: In this large cohort of US immunocompetent patients with recent HCV infection, 22% resolved spontaneously. Younger age was the only predictor of spontaneous clearance. In patients with early chronic HCV, 65% achieved SVR.
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Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Hepatite C Crônica/epidemiologia , Clínicas de Dor , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Biópsia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Infecção Hospitalar/diagnóstico , Infecção Hospitalar/tratamento farmacológico , Infecção Hospitalar/etiologia , Feminino , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepacivirus/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite C/sangue , Hepatite C Crônica/diagnóstico , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatite C Crônica/etiologia , Humanos , Interferons/uso terapêutico , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oklahoma/epidemiologia , RNA Viral/sangue , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ribavirina/uso terapêutico , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Carga Viral , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurring in "noncirrhotic" hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients has been reported; but the exact prevalence or incidence has not been described before. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of literature: Ovid was used to search the literature from January 1, 1990, to September 1, 2008. Articles containing "HCC" keywords (hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoma, liver cancer) were combined with the word "cirrhosis" or "fibrosis" and with "absence" keywords [noncirrhotic, absence, without]. Two hundred articles were selected and screened according to predesigned exclusion and inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Nineteen articles met the inclusion criteria. The estimated prevalence of noncirrhotic HCC ranged from 6.7% to 50.1%. The pooled prevalence estimates for HCV in noncirrhotic HCC ranged from 0% and 68.4% according to the geographic location. Reports from Japan had the highest estimated pooled prevalence of HCV (55.01%) followed by Italy (29.95%). CONCLUSION: HCV can occur in patients with HCC without cirrhosis, but the true incidence and prevalence are very difficult to ascertain. Further studies are needed to define this group of patients.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicações , Hepatite C/complicações , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicações , Fibrose , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A 51-year-old white man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who was infected with HCV genotype 2b presented with sudden left-sided hearing loss. He had been taking pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin treatment for 6 weeks without any notable adverse effects. He had also been taking naproxen for 2 years for the treatment of chronic back pain. INVESTIGATIONS: Physical examination, laboratory tests, including complete blood counts and liver function tests, otoscopic examination, audiogram, MRI of the middle ear, objective causality assessment using the Naranjo probability scale. DIAGNOSIS: PEG-IFN-induced acute sensorineural hearing loss. MANAGEMENT: Prednisone while maintaining treatment with PEG-IFN.
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Antivirais/efeitos adversos , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Perda Auditiva/induzido quimicamente , Perda Auditiva/tratamento farmacológico , Interferon-alfa/efeitos adversos , Polietilenoglicóis/efeitos adversos , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Ribavirina/efeitos adversos , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Perda Auditiva/diagnóstico , Hepatite C/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Interferon alfa-2 , Interferon-alfa/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polietilenoglicóis/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Recombinantes , Ribavirina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: BACKGROUND Hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection is the leading cause of death due to liver disease in the United States. Currently, pegylated interferon and ribavirin produce sustained viral remission in only 50% of patients. Additional agents are needed to increase the cure rate. In vitro experiments show strong antiviral effects of fluvastatin against HCV. OBJECTIVES: To assess the safety and antiviral effects of fluvastatin in chronic HCV carriers. METHODS: 31 veterans with chronic HCV were prospectively given oral doses of fluvastatin, 20 to 320 mg/day, for 2-12 weeks with weekly monitoring of HCV RNA and liver tests. Reductions of viral load (P < 0.01) versus a control group were considered suppressive. RESULTS: With 80 mg a day or less, 11/22 (50%) patients responded by lowering HCV RNA. The first lowering occurred within 4 weeks (9/11, 82%). The greatest weekly change in HCV RNA level was a 1.75 log(10) reduction. When lowered in responders, the viral load remained relatively constant for 2-5 weeks (7/9, 78%), or on the next test rebounded immediately to a non-significant change from, baseline (n = 2). Continued lowering of virus was seen in 2/19 (22 %) patients when the study ended. We found no evidence of liver tests worsening. CONCLUSIONS: FLV used as monotherapy in vivo showed suppressive effects of HCV clinically that are modest, variable, and often short-lived. These findings support "proof-of-concept" for pilot trials combining fluvastatin with standard therapy. Statins and fluvastatin, in particular, appear to be safe for use in hepatitis C.
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Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/administração & dosagem , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/administração & dosagem , Indóis/administração & dosagem , Administração Oral , Adulto , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Esquema de Medicação , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Fluvastatina , Humanos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/efeitos adversos , Indóis/efeitos adversos , Testes de Função Hepática , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Carga ViralRESUMO
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) consist of a diverse group of lymphoproliferative neoplasms with unique patterns of biology, behavior, and differing responses to therapy. A rare subtype of malignancy arising from cells of putative natural killer (NK) origin is being recognized as a distinct clinicopathological entity. Viruses including hepatitis C have been reported in association with various types of NHL but not the NK-cell subtype. We hereby report a unique case of a patient with hepatitis C who developed hepatic NK-cell lymphoma and chronic NK-cell leukemia. Interestingly, we observed clinical and radiologic remission of the neoplasm following treatment with anti-hepatitis C therapy.
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Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Hepatite C/tratamento farmacológico , Células Matadoras Naturais/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Linfoma não Hodgkin/patologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/patologia , Hepatite C/complicações , Humanos , Interferon alfa-2 , Interferon-alfa/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicações , Neoplasias Hepáticas/virologia , Linfoma não Hodgkin/complicações , Linfoma não Hodgkin/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas Recombinantes , Indução de Remissão , Ribavirina/uso terapêutico , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/complicações , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/virologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Although noninvasive markers predictive of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C have been examined, none has proved sufficiently accurate for clinical use. The aim of this study was to develop an accurate model that can be easily used by clinicians to predict the probability of cirrhosis in hepatitis C patients from readily available clinical and laboratory information. METHODS: We identified 264 consecutive patients with established chronic hepatitis C infection and extracted multiple physical examination and biochemical variables (recorded before liver biopsy). Similar data were extracted from charts at another hospital. RESULTS: Logistic regression identified the following independent predictors of cirrhosis: platelet count < or = 140,000/ mm3, spider nevi, AST > 40 IU/L, and male gender. Male and female patients with normal values for platelet count and AST and no spider nevi had low probabilities of cirrhosis: 1.8% (95% CI = 0.4-7) and 0.03% (95% CI = 0.003-0.04), respectively. Male patients with abnormal values on all three other predictors had a probability of cirrhosis of 99.8% (95% CI = 98.7-100). Over 48% of study patients had a low (< or = 1.8%) or a very high (> or = 99.8%) predicted probability of cirrhosis. The model had area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.938 (95% CI = 0.91-0.97) and 93.4% in an internal validation. The model accurately distinguished patients with and without cirrhosis (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 93.3%) in 102 hepatitis C patients from another hospital. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with hepatitis C, four readily available variables together predict cirrhosis accurately. Successful validation in hepatitis C patients at another hospital with lower prevalence of cirrhosis suggests this model's potential for broad applicability.