[Clinical, laboratory, and functional characteristic of patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with disturbances of oxalic acid metabolism].

We studied the role of oxalate release through the airways as a potential injurious factor in the development of inflammation, bronchial obstruction and cough syndrome (respiratory oxalosis). Detection of oxalates in bronhcoalveolar lavage fluid and daily urine is the most valuable method for diagnostics of oxalates. Systemic effects, such as cholelithiasis, urolithiasis, and spinal osteochondrosis are characteristic clinical signs of respiratory oxalosis, besides purely respiratory symptoms.

[The treatment of patients with broncho-pulmonary pathology and concomitant disturbances of oxalic acid metabolism].

This work was aimed at estimating the role of special therapy of patients with bronchial asthma, COPD and hyperoxaluria designed to restrict the delivery or eliminate excess of oxalates and producing well apparent beneficial effect confirmed by the disappearance or decrease of clinical and functional manifestations of obstruction, reduction of requirements for broncholytic and anti-inflammatory agents.

[Clinical characteristics and condition of the bronchial tree in patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in combination with hyperoxaluria].

AIM: To evaluate peculiarities of a clinical course and changes in bronchial mucosa in bronchial asthma (BA) patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in combination with hyperoxaluria (HOU); informative value of some laboratory and device findings including oxalates assay in bronchial lavage fluid for specification of the diagnosis, role of oxalates in development of obstructive syndrome and choice of optimal therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Oxalates were examined in daily urine, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and exhaled air condensate of 104 patients with BA and COPD, 77 of which had HOU and an atypical course of bronchial obstruction syndrome. RESULTS: Conception of airways inflammation in patients with oxalate metabolism disturbances is proposed. It is shown that insoluble oxalates participate in pathogenesis of bronchial obstruction. CONCLUSION: Oxalate metabolism disturbances are an important factor in pathogenesis of airways inflammation and development of bronchial obstruction in predisposed patients. Therefore, administration of insoluble oxalates lowering therapy may effectively prevent formation and progression of obstructive pulmonary diseases in this group of patients.

[Effect of medications and acupuncture on indicators of a bioenergetigram of bronchial asthma patients]. / Vliianie medikamentoznykh sredstv i akupunktury na pokazateli bioénergogrammy bol'nykh bronkhial'noi astmoi.

AIM: To evaluate the energy informational effects of various treatments in patients with bronchial asthma (BA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Changes in bioenergograms were analyzed in 139 patients after therapeutical exposures: intravenous prednizolone and dexamethasone, inhaled seretide, fluthicasone propionate, beclomethasone, phenoterol, salmeterol, and salbutamol, the latter drug as tablets, as well as a course treatment with acupuncture. The energy informational effects of pumpan and nitrosorbide were studied in 22 patients with BA concurrent with cor pulmonale and coronary heart disease (CHD). RESULTS: A significant difference was found in the parameters of a bioenergogram depending on the routes of administrations of the drugs and their dosage forms. The greatest and positive changes in the area of the bioenergogram were recorded when using salmeterol and salbutamol, particularly in the nebulization of their solutions, and acupuncture. The intravenous infusion of glucocorticosteroids frequently produced inhibitory effects. In patients with BA concurrent with cor pulmonale and CHD, the positive energy informational effect of pumpan, that differed from that of nitrosorbide, occurred with better ventricular repolarization and alleviated signs of right cardiac overload on ECG. CONCLUSION: The bioenergogram is highly sensitive to changes in the status of patients and it may be used to choose drugs and their combinations, combined drug therapy, and acupuncture on an individual basis. Pumpan is recommended for the treatment of patients with BA concurrent with cor pulmonale.

[Prevalence of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis in the adult population of St. Petersburg]. / Rasprostranennost' bronkhial'noi asatmy i allergicheskogo rinita sredi vzroslogo naseleniia Sankt-Peterburga.

AIM: To evaluate prevalence of bronchial asthma (BA) and allergic rhinitis (AR) among adult population of St-Petersburg. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Responders to ECRHS and B. Sibbald & E. Rink questionnaires who gave at least one positive answer were examined clinically, functionally and allergologically. A total of 3634 responders aged 16 to 98 years participated in the study. RESULTS: By the answers of the responders prevalence of BA was 7.2%, of AR--9.9%. Such figures were much higher than official statistics. Atopic BA was most frequent among other types--64%. CONCLUSION: It became evident that BA and AR in many cases are diagnosed late or are not recognized at all. This leads to growing number of patients with moderate and severe course of these diseases and deteriorates effectiveness of BA and AR treatment.

[Effect of adrenergic and histaminergic disorders on the subclinical course of atopic bronchial asthma]. / Vyiavlenie narushenii v adrenergicheskoi i gistaminergicheskoi sistemakh na doklinicheskom étape pri atopicheskoi bronkhial'noi astme.

To characterize membrane-receptor peculiarities of the adrenergic and histaminergic systems under the model of peroxide and hyperosmolar effect in atopic bronchial asthma (ABA) and preclinical stage of BA, we have examined 25 patients with ABA, 19 patients with nonpulmonary allergy, 28 healthy men and 21 healthy blood relatives of ABA patients. The phenomenon of inversion of the effect of beta-adrenoblocker (obzidan) and of the combined effect of histamine and H1-antagonist (dimedrol) was revealed in ABA patients. The same phenomenon was registered at the preclinical stage of BA. In ABA and in preclinical BA the shift of H1/H2-histaminergic balance to increased H1-activity exists. Peroxide and hyperosmolar effects modeled on red cell membranes allowed us to characterize reactivity of adrenergic and histaminergic systems not only in ABA but also in preclinical BA.

[Erythrocyte insulin-reactive system and carbohydrate metabolism in bronchial asthma]. / Osobennosti insulinreaktivnoi sistemy éritrotsitov i nekotorye pokazateli uglevodnogo obmena pri bronkhial'noi astme.

AIM: Analysis of insulin-reactive system of erythrocytes and carbohydrate metabolism in bronchial asthma (BA) at cell and other levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 106 patients with BA, 26 healthy subjects and 10 healthy subjects with familial history of atopy participated in the study. Glucose tolerance and colorimetric tests were made to measure glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, respectively. Erythrocytic insulin reactivity was assessed using an original method. Bronchial resistance was determined and specific bronchial conduction was calculated. Acetylcholine test was conducted before and after a single inhalation of 5% isoosmolar glucose solution. RESULTS: Atopic BA was characterized by a trend to hypoglycemia, low glycosylation of red cell hemoglobin, impaired membrane transport of glucose in red cells, a hypoglycemic type of glucose tolerance test curve, a paradoxical reaction of erythrocytes to insulin and adrenaline--release of glucose. CONCLUSION: The detected changes in cell insulin reactivity in atopic BA and positive effects of 5% glucose solution inhalations on bronchial hyperreactivity in BA patients provide grounds for development of new therapeutic approaches in BA.

[Role of biological defects in formation and development of bronchial asthma and potentialities of premorbid diagnosis]. / Rol' biologicheskikh defektov v formirovanii i razvitii bronkhial'noi atmy i vozmozhnosti premorbidnoi diagnostiki.

The paper considers bronchial asthma as a polygenic disease. It presents some data available in the literature on the role of genetic disorders in the development of atopic states and the authors' own findings of various biological defects detected in apparently healthy blood relatives of patients with bronchial asthma. It is concluded that premorbid diagnosis is of importance in high risk persons.

[Efficacy of lomefloxacin in treatment of patients with chronic bronchitis]. / Effektivnost' lomefloksatsina pri lechenii bol'nykh khronicheskim bronkhitom.

Comparative efficacy of lomefloxacin (400 mg daily for 5 days) and roxithromycin (150 mg daily for 5 days) was studied in the treatment of 24 patients (12 males and 12 females) at the age of 39 to 83 years (the average age of 59 years) with exacerbation of chronic obstructive bronchitis. The efficacy was estimated by the clinical data and the results of the bacteriological analysis of the sputum. The drugs were shown to be equivalent in their clinical and microbiological efficacies. The use of the drugs should be based on the results of the sputum bacteriological analysis and the pathogen susceptibility tests. The tolerance of roxithromycin and lomefloxacin was good. No significant adverse events were recorded.

[Absolute diet therapy and antibiotic tolerance in bronchial asthma patients]. / Razgruzochno-dieticheskaia terapiia i perenosimost' antibiotikov bol'nymi bronkhial'noi astmoi.

In 10 patients with bronchial asthma (BA) treated conventionally (control group), 10 BA patients on absolute diet therapy (group 1) and 10 BA patients in absolute diet therapy combined with wheat herb juice (group 2) tolerance to 12 antibiotics of different classes and some immunity factors were determined using a complex of diagnostic methods. The latter implies: case history, humoral and cell immunity defense system tests and special tests (chemical erythrograms and leukocyte migration inhibition test in plane capillary tubes with tested drugs). The data obtained evidence for increased tolerance of the antibiotics in groups 1 and 2 as well as for changes in humoral defense system, especially in immunoglobulin E. The drug tolerance may be a therapeutic criterion of absolute diet therapy in bronchial asthma patients.

[The correction of biological defects in bronchial asthma patients by the methods of Chinese medicine]. / Korrektsiia biologicheskikh defektov u bol'nykh bronkhial'noi astmoi metodami kitaiskoi meditsiny.

42 patients with bronchial asthma underwent combined treatment according to 8 methods of classical Chinese medicine. Partial and complete immediate and long-term responses were achieved in 81% of the patients with asthma diagnosed by Chinese criteria as cold and mixed. Satisfactory results were recorded in 19% of hot bronchial asthma cases.

[Bronchial reactivity characteristics in EEG variants in bronchial asthma patients]. / Osobennosti reaktivnosti bronkhov pri nekotorykh variantakh EEG u bol'nykh bronkhial'noi astmoi.

The authors' investigations show that those asthmatics who have EEG-recorded lowered convulsion threshold of the cortical neurones exhibit higher hypersensitivity and hyperreactivity of the bronchi than those in patients with intact cortical-subcortical relationships. The interaction of the above parameters demonstrates stable relations between bronchial reactivity and bioelectrical cerebral activity.

[Disorders in mineral metabolism at different stages of the development of bronchial asthma]. / Narusheniia mineral'nogo metabolizma na razlichnykh étapakh razvitiia bronkhial'noi astmy.

Magnesium and calcium concentrations were measured by nuclear-absorption spectrometry (AAC-508, Hitachi, Japan) and selective ionometry (Microlyte, Kone, Finland) in the serum, red cells, lymphocytes, 24-h urine and exhaled air humor condensate in 23, 31 and 23 sibs (parents and their children) with preasthma, atopic bronchial asthma, free of these diseases, respectively. All the patients had magnesium deficiency and calcium hyperconcentrations in the blood cells, low urine excretion of magnesium. Parathormone and calcitonin serum concentrations underwent no changes. It is suggested that in contrast to changes of endobronchial homeostasis of bivalent cations, those of electrolyte cell composition are primary and appear prior to clinical manifestations of bronchial asthma.

[The therapeutic potentials of Ditec in bronchial asthma patients]. / Terapevticheskie vozmozhnosti ditéka u bol'nykh bronkhial'noi astmoi.

Ditec effects on clinicofunctional status were investigated in 15 patients with mild and moderate atopic bronchial asthma (ABA) aged 20-50 (5 males and 10 females). A single ditec dose had a broncholytic effect along the entire bronchial tree and reduced sensitivity to acetylcholine. Magnesium sulfate (a single dose 3 mmol Mg2+, pH 6.6, the solution osmolality 260 mmol/l) potentiated ditec action on nonspecific hyperreactivity of the bronchial tree. Four-week ditec course induced no considerable changes in bronchial permeability, but increased reversibility of bronchial obstruction, inhibited sensitivity and response of the bronchial tree to acetylcholine. Course administration of ditec lowered endobronchial concentration of histamine and lipid peroxidation intensity showing antiallergic and antiinflammatory properties of the drug. Ditec is recommended for ABA and other asthma forms treatment as a safe and effective modality.

[The role of disorders in the homeostasis of divalent cations in the pathogenesis and clinical picture of bronchial asthma]. / Rol' narushenii gomeostaza dvukhvalentnykh kationov v patogeneze i klinicheskoi kartine bronkhial'noi astmy.

Mg and Ca concentrations in the serum, red cells, lymphocytes and 24-h urine were examined in 13 preasthma (PA) patients, 26 atopic asthma patients and 23 bacterial asthma (BA) patients. The patients' age ranged from 15 to 65 years. The measurements were made on AAC-508 absorption spectrophotometer (Hitachi, Japan) and Microlyte selective ionometer (Kone, Finland). Lack of Mg and excess of Ca in blood cells and low Mg values in circadian urine were recorded in all the patients irrespective of the disease variant, phase, course, broncho-obstruction. Changes in cell electrolyte composition in asthma and PA patients seem to disturb cAMP metabolism and to enhance lipid peroxidation, thus being responsible for bronchial hyperreactivity. Superactivation of free-radical lipid peroxidation in cellular membranes is suggested to underlie, among other factors, defective intracellular homeostasis of bivalent cations in the above patients.