A differentiated approach to the diagnosis of overweight and obesity in children based on bioimpedance analysis of body composition.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: The current study introduces a novel diagnostic algorithm employing bioimpedance analysis to comprehensively evaluate body composition in children, assessing fat content, skeletal muscle content, and fat distribution. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: Bioelectrical impedance measurements were obtained using the TANITA MC-780 MA analyzer. Indicators such as body weight, BMI, total fat content, absolute limb muscle mass, skeletal muscle strength, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were assessed. A sample of 101 children aged 9 to 14 were studied using the proposed algorithm, refining BMI-based classifications. RESULTS: Results: The algorithm comprises three steps, categorizing children based on fat content, presence of sarcopenia, and central fat distribution. It identified diverse somatotypes within the groups classified by BMI. Notably, it revealed prognostically unfavorable somatotypes, such as sarcopenic obesity with central fat distribution, highlighting potential health risks. Current BMI-centric diagnoses may misclassify cardiometabolic risks, making early detection challenging. The algorithm enables a detailed evaluation, unmasking metabolically unfavorable conditions like sarcopenic obesity. The incorporation of functional tests, such as a standardized hand-grip test, enhances diagnostic accuracy. The proposed WHR indicator for characterizing fat distribution provides a practical method for determining somatotypes in children. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: This comprehensive algorithm offers an alternative to BMI-based classifications, enabling early detection of obesity and associated risks. Further validation through large-scale epidemiological studies is essential to establish correlations between somatotypes and cardiometabolic risks, fostering a more nuanced and individualized approach to pediatric obesity management.

CORRECTION OF AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION IN OVERWEIGHT CHILDREN BY NORMALIZING BODY COMPOSITION.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To investigated the effect of a 3-month body weight correction program on the functional state of the ANS in children of primary school age who had an increased body mass index and signs of autonomic dysfunction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: 82 children aged 9 to 11 were examined. During 3 months, all examinees underwent a body weight correction course. Body composition was mea¬sured by the bioimpedance method using the body composition analyzer «TANITA-BC-601¼ (Japan). The functional state of autonomic regulation was assessed using heart rate variability (HRV) indicators obtained by recording standard 5-minute ECG intervals using the computer hardware and software complex "CARDIOLAB" (XAI-MEDICA, Ukraine). RESULTS: Results: Statistical processing of HRV indicators showed that 51 children (62.2%) had signs of autonomic dysfunction. In the first group, there was a statistically significant decrease in body weight (from 47.33±4.62 to 44.12±3.96), BMI (from 28.15±2.64 to 26.63±2.87), TFC (from 33.54±3.68 to 30.89±2.81), VF (from 7.056±1.814 to 4.817±2.017) with a simultaneous statistically probable increase in the FFM index (from 60.27±2.47 to 63.15±2,38). According to the time domain indicators of HRV, children in first group have increased the TP of autonomous heart rhythm regulation, as indicated by a statistically significant increase in SDNN from 38.43±6.39 ms to 51.65±7.19 ms (р<0.05); the activity of the sympathetic link of the ANS decreased according to AMo from 41.23±6.17% to 34.29±5.83% (р<0.05) and the intensity of autonomic regulation according to IS, which decreased from 116.3±31,6 units to 81.2±29.1 units (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Conclusions: 3-month body weight correction program led to the elimination of signs of autonomic dysfunction in 43.9% of the examined persons.

IMPROVEMENT OF CARDIAC FUNCTION AFTER WEIGHT LOSS PROGRAM AMONG YOUNG WOMEN.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To determine the difference between body composition and hemodynamics indices at baseline and after the weight loss program. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The subject of this study was 13 young women. The weight and body composition were measured by the bio-impedance method. Hemodynamics indices were measured by the method of the thoracic rheography. The measurement of body composition and indices of hemodynamics were performed at the beginning of the weight loss program and 2 months later. The participants underwent 45 minutes per day of moderate-intensity physical activity 3 times a week. RESULTS: Results: The percentage of body fat decreased in 3.9±0.37% from baseline (p=0.01) and the level of visceral fat - 1.54±0.14 units (p=0.001) respectively. Indices of hemodynamics were improved after the weight loss program. Firstly, the index of cardiac output was reduced in 1.43±1.09 l/min (p=0.019) after 2 months of the weight loss program. Secondly, the indices of peripheral resistance also have been improved. Moreover, the index of workload of left ventricle has decreased from 3.56 to 2.7 kg/m/m2 (p=0.035). CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Our results demonstrated the improvement of indices of hemodynamics due to the normalization of body composition among young women after weight loss program.

CORRECTION OF AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION IN YOUNG WOMEN BY OPTIMIZATION OF COMPONENT BODY COMPOSITION.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: The article aims toevaluate the possibility of optimizing the state of the autonomic nervous system in almost healthy young females with different component body composition through physicalactivity and sensible nutrition. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study involved 30 young females. Body weight of women was measured both before and after the proposed weight correction program. Such parameters as body mass index (BMI, kg / m2),fat mass percentage(FMP,%),visceral fat content (VF,unit) and fat free mass content (FFM, %) using a bioimpedance analyser "TANITA BC-601"were measured. Also, the study of the state of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) based on the registration of the rhythmogram using the computer hardware complex "CARDIOLAB" (HAI - Medica) was carried out. RESULTS: Results: Analysis of the results of the study revealed that the regulation of functions in women with suboptimal ratio of adipose and muscle tissues in the body was carried out mainly through suprasegmental levels of regulation (VLF%) and was accompanied by a decrease in the activity of segmental autonomic influences.At the same time, the theoretical assumption about the possibility of correction of autonomic disorders by normalizing adipose and muscle tissueswas experimentally confirmed.Under the influence of a two-month program of body weight correction an increase in the functional activity of the autonomic control loop and improvement of the internal structure of the spectrum of neuroautonomicregulation (reduction of VLF-oscillations and increase of LF-effects and HF-effects) in the examined women were observed. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Thus, physical activity and sensible nutrition have a positive effect on the rheology of adipose tissue and the mechanisms of regulation of body functions, so they can be used to correct their disorders.

Diaphragmatic breathing in biological feedback mode for correction of the psychophysiological state in medical students.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: The current study aimed to examine the possibility of correction of the psychophysiological state of the undergraduate students by diaphragmatic breathing sessions in the biological feedback mode utilizing heart rate variability. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study enrolled 86 students 18 to 20 years old. Assessment of the functional state of the ANS was performed bycardiointervalography (CIG) and analysis of the spectral indices of HRV by the hardware-software complex "Cardiolab" (КAI Medica, Ukraine). A complex assessment of the autonomic homeostasis was performed using IARS calculated by a special algorithm. Assessment of the psychophysiological state of students was performed by questionnaires. RESULTS: Results: Among the examined population, 45% of students were in the state of satisfactory adaptation, 43% - in the state of functional tension, and 12% - in the state of unsatisfactory adaptation. Students with poor level of adaptation and depletion of regulatory mechanisms had higher heart rate, systolic and diastolic pressure, and RR compared to the students in the state of satisfactory and strained adaptation. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The findings suggest that the average intensity of psychosomatic complaints has significant differences between groups with varying degrees of tension of regulatory mechanisms.

Dynamics of heart rate variability under the influence of course yoga breathing exercises on healthy young people.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Heart rate variability is a highly informative non-invasive method of research not only for the functional state of the cardiovascular system and also for the integrative regulatory activity of the autonomic nervous system. The positive effect of diaphragmatic breathing is positive in the mode of biological feedback using portable devices, but there is little evidence of the use of yoga breathing gymnastics in order to influence the heart rate variability. The aim: To compare the possibilities of using courses of breathing gymnastics of yogis and diaphragmatic breathing sessions in the mode of biological feedback using a portable device. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study involved 70 practically healthy foreigners, who were divided into 2 groups of 35 people. Participants of the 1st group daily engage in respiratory exercises pranayama for 15 minutes in 1 month. Participants in the 2nd group used the MyCalmBeat portable device. Heart rate variability was registered by using the computer diagnostic complex "CardioLab" ("KhAI-Medika", Ukraine). RESULTS: Results: In both groups there was similar dynamics of heart rate variability indices, but its severity was different. The common integral effect was a significant growth of heart rate variability both according to statistical and spectral indicators - total power increased, as well as high-frequency component. The power of the very-low frequency waves has probably decreased only in the group with the device. In the percentage structure of the cardiac rhythm spectrum, the specific weight of very-low frequency component and the percentage of high-frequency component increased. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Respiratory gymnastics yoga for 15 minutes daily contributes to the growth of heart rate variability through the suppression of the central link (very-low frequency component) of regulation of cardiac rhythm and increased activity of parasympathetic influences (high-frequency component), as well as the redistribution of regulatory activity of the central nervous system between the central and peripheral links of regulation of the cardiac rhythm in favor of the latter.

[Functional state of autonomous regulation in girls of reproductive age depending on the component body composition].

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Today there is no data on the relationship between body mass index (BMI), total body fat (TBF), visceral fat content (VFC), and the nonfat mass (NFM) content with ANS indices. The aim:To reveal the relationship between the indicators of the functional state of the ANS and body composition. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The subject of this study were 34 young women with age from 18 to 25. The weight and the indices of body composition were measured by bodyanalizator Tanita BC-601. The functional state of the ANS was measured by "CARDIOLAB". RESULTS: Results: The results show the dependence of the components of the body mass on the activity of the ANS. It has been established that girls with an anxiety disorder, which manifests themselves in the form of lowering the cardiac rhythm variability (HRV) and parasympathetic activity, as well as the simultaneous growth of activity of sympathetic nervous regulation and central neurohumoral influences, is characterized by an increase in BMI, TBF and VFC, and a decrease in NFM. CONCLUSION: Conclusions:Changes in HRV should be considered as potential markers of metabolic disturbances, with the subsequent occurrence of obesity. The estimation of the functional state of the ANS according to the data of the HRV in case of disturbance of the ratio of the constituents of the body mass components will allow to optimize medical approaches for normalization of the vegetative tone and body weight with its composition parameters.

[The correlation between body composition and the functional state of cardiovascular system in young men in dependence on the hemodynamics types].

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: The problem with overweight and the methods of antropomorphology analysis of the human body is actual in preventive medicine. The latest researches have shown doubt about the objectivity of the BMI for analysis the physical condition. As a result, scientists have presented new methods to analyse the human body. The aim: To find the correlation between the indices of body composition and functional condition of the cardiovascular system. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The subject of this study were 48 young men with age from 18 to 25. The weight, BMI and the indices of body composition were measured by bodyanalizator Tanita BC-601. The function of cardiovascular system was measured by using medical device 'REOKOM'. The data was analyzed by using statistical program Minitab 17. RESULTS: Results: The results show that there was the significant difference between two groups among indices as cardiac index, stroke volume etc. The BMI, FM, VFC, FFM had shown the significant correlation with cardiac output in the first group. According to this, there was found significant correlation between FM, VFC, FFM and cardiac index in the second group. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The findings of this study suggests that BMI does not give us the full information about the physical condition in contrast to the indices of the body composition. The significant relationship between indices of body composition and hemodynamics allows us to assume, that the type of hemodynamics depends on body composition.