Initial oral microbiota and the impact of delivery mode and feeding practices in 0 to 2 month-old infants.

The aim of this study was to describe the initial oral microbiota and how delivery mode and feeding practices impact its diversity in 0-2-month-old infants. This was a cross-sectional study that consisted of one collection of saliva samples from 0-2-month infants at baseline. Ten pairs of mothers and infants were selected. Medical health history, pregnancy, birth, feeding practices (breastfeeding or milk formula), and infant health status was obtained. Pooled microbial samples were obtained from the oral surfaces using a sterile cotton swab. Infants did not receive any breast milk before sampling. After collection, each swab was analyzed through microbiological culture-based procedures, using selective mediums. Cultures were analyzed for the presence of Streptococci, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Enterobacterium , and Candida albicans . Twenty percent of the samples were serially diluted (10-2) to assess the number of bacteria expressed as CFU. Bacillota was the leading phylogenetic group in the infant's pooled microbial sample. The most prevalent genera were Streptococcus, Lactobacillus , and Staphylococcus . Two participants had a positive growth of Candida albicans . The association between genus group, type of delivery, and feeding practices was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Lactobacillus genus was frequently present in the cesarean delivery group but with slightly higher counts in a vaginal delivery study subject. Exclusively breastfed infants showed presence of Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus . The oral microbiome in infants (0-2 month-old) is highly heterogeneous and dynamic. Microbiota composition seems to be impacted by mode of delivery, with slight differences among groups. Breastmilk appears as an essential factor in maintaining the oral microbiome's stability and diversity.

Initial oral microbiota and the impact of delivery mode and feeding practices in 0 to 2 month-old infants

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the initial oral microbiota and how delivery mode and feeding practices impact its diversity in 0-2-month-old infants. This was a cross-sectional study that consisted of one collection of saliva samples from 0-2-month infants at baseline. Ten pairs of mothers and infants were selected. Medical health history, pregnancy, birth, feeding practices (breastfeeding or milk formula), and infant health status was obtained. Pooled microbial samples were obtained from the oral surfaces using a sterile cotton swab. Infants did not receive any breast milk before sampling. After collection, each swab was analyzed through microbiological culture-based procedures, using selective mediums. Cultures were analyzed for the presence of Streptococci, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Enterobacterium , and Candida albicans . Twenty percent of the samples were serially diluted (10-2) to assess the number of bacteria expressed as CFU. Bacillota was the leading phylogenetic group in the infant's pooled microbial sample. The most prevalent genera were Streptococcus, Lactobacillus , and Staphylococcus . Two participants had a positive growth of Candida albicans . The association between genus group, type of delivery, and feeding practices was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Lactobacillus genus was frequently present in the cesarean delivery group but with slightly higher counts in a vaginal delivery study subject. Exclusively breastfed infants showed presence of Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus . The oral microbiome in infants (0-2 month-old) is highly heterogeneous and dynamic. Microbiota composition seems to be impacted by mode of delivery, with slight differences among groups. Breastmilk appears as an essential factor in maintaining the oral microbiome's stability and diversity.

Urinary fluoride excretion in children aged 3 to 5 years exposed to fluoridated salt at 60 to 90 mgF/Kg in two Venezuelan cities. A pilot study.

The aim of the present work was to obtain information on the total urinary fluoride concentration and excretion of Venezuelan children at the age of 3 to 5 years, as part of a program to monitor fluoride ingestion. A 24 hour urine sample was collected from each of 63 children, between 3 and 5 years of age and analyzed for (i) total urinary volume (ml), (ii) urinary flow rate (ml/h), (iii) fluoride concentration (ppm) and (iv)fluoride excretion rate (microg/h). The group comprised 32 boys and 31 girls who resided in two different communities, 32 in Caracas, DC and 31 in San Juan de los Morros, Guarico state. Fluoride analyses were done with an ion-specific electrode. Age and gender did not affect total urine volume, urinary flow rate, or urinary fluoride concentration and excretion rate. The children from San Juan de los Morros had a significantly higher total urinary volume (426.45 +/- 36.31 ml) and flow rate (17.09 +/- 1.57ml/h) than children from Caracas (297.06 +/- 23.59 ml and 12.40 +/- 0.98, respectively) (p=0.0039). Significant differences were also observed when the urinary fluoride excretion rate of the two communities was compared. Mean urinary fluoride concentrations did not differ significantly (p < 0.05) between the two communities. These values were 0.67 +/- 0.40, 0.57 +/- 0.34, 0.76 +/- 0.27 ppmF in the 3, 4 and 5 year-old children of Caracas and 0.69 +/- 0.33, 0.65 +/- 0.20, 0.63 +/- 0.36 mgF in San Juan de los Morros children. The results showed low urinary fluoride concentration and excretion, indicating that children residing in the evaluated communities are receiving fluoride below the recommended optimal range.

Urinary fluoride excretion in children aged 3 to 5 years exposed to fluoridated salt at 60 to 90 mgF/Kg in two Venezuelan cities: a pilot study

Streptococcus mutans es el principal microorganismo asociado a la caries dental, esta bacteria se une al esmalte a través de su interacción con las proteínas de la película adquirida yla proteína de superficie celular comúnmente denominada PAc. Por lo menos dos sitios de PAc interactúan in vitro con los receptores salivales, uno está dentro de la región más conservadade esta proteína que comprende los residuos de 816-1213 y el otro dentro de la secuencia rica en Alanina, residuos186-469. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue establecer similitudes o diferencias en la interacción de péptidos de PAc con los componentes salivales de individuos con y sin experiencia de caries, para lo cual se tomaron muestras de saliva por salivación espontánea de 20 individuos con caries y 20 sin caries. A partir de las muestras de saliva se extrajeron las proteínas de la película adquirida (PA) utilizando hidroxilapatitasintética y fueron sometidas a la interacción con tres péptidos sintéticos de los segmentos de unión de PAc con loscomponentes salivales: PAc (301-319), PAc (365-377) y PAc (1024-1044). Los resultados muestran una baja interacción entre los componentes de la PA y los péptidos en todos losindividuos, sugiriendo que con base en las similitudes entre los individuos sanos y los individuos con la enfermedad lospéptidos de PAc estudiados no son relevantes en la adhesión inicial de S. mutans.