Surgery or EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy for malignant distal biliary obstruction after ERCP failure.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the method of choice for drainage in patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction, but it fails in up to 10% of cases. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) and surgical bypass are the traditional drainage alternatives. This study aimed to compare technical and clinical success, quality of life, and survival of surgical biliary bypass or hepaticojejunostomy (HJT) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided choledochoduodenostomy (CDT) in patients with distal malignant bile duct obstruction and failed ERCP. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized trial was conducted. From March 2011 to September 2013, 32 patients with malignant distal biliary obstruction and failed ERCP were studied. The HJT group consisted of 15 patients and the CDT group consisted of 14 patients. Technical and clinical success, quality of life, and survival were assessed prospectively. RESULTS: Technical success was 94% (15/16) in the HJT group and 88% (14/16) in the CDT group (P = 0.598). Clinical success occurred in 14 (93%) patients in the HJT group and in 10 (71%) patients in the CDT group (P = 0.169). During follow-up, a statistically significant difference was seen in mean functional capacity scores, physical health, pain, social functioning, and emotional and mental health aspects in both techniques (P < 0.05). The median survival time in both groups was the same (82 days). CONCLUSION: Data relating to technical and clinical success, quality of life, and survival were similar in patients who underwent HJT and CDT drainage after failed ERCP for malignant distal biliary obstruction.

Entrenamiento en endoscopia con modelos “ex vivo” y “simuladores virtuales: nuevos métodos de enseñanza / Endoscopy training by using ex vivo and simulators: a new teaching tool

En las últimas décadas, el modelo tradicional de enseñanza de la endoscopia digestiva ha sido en base al método tutorial profesor-alumno, basado en modelos teóricos. Hoy en día, los simuladores presentan las ventajas de la realidad virtual. El aparato manipulado es similar al utilizado en la práctica clínica, es seguro, lo que permite un uso ilimitado, con mejor costobeneficio para las instituciones y con un rendimiento superior con respecto a otros modelos de entrenamiento. Por otra parte, los simuladores biológicos son una herramienta viable, accesible y asequible para simular lesiones gastrointestinales, lo que permite la formación en endoscopia con un alto grado de similitud en el aspecto endoscópico. En la presente revisión, analizamos ambos modelos, presentando sus ventajas para el entrenamiento del endoscopista de los tiempos actuales...

In recent decades, the traditional teaching model of gastrointestinal endoscopy has been based on the teacher-student tutorial method based on theoretical models. Today, simulators have the advantages of virtual reality. The handling apparatus is similar to that used in clinical practice; it is safe, which allows unlimited use, cost-effective for institutions and with superior performance over other training models. Besides, biological simulators are a viable, accessible and affordable tool to simulate gastrointestinal lesions, allowing training in endoscopy with a high degree of similarity in the endoscopic appearance. In this review, we analyze both models, showing its advantages for the training of the endoscopist of the times...

Endoscopic ultrasound hemostasis techniques.

Since its development, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has evolved from a simple diagnostic technique to an important therapeutic tool for interventional endoscopy. EUS analysis provides real-time imaging of most major thoracic and abdominal vessels, and the possibility to use needle puncture with a curved linear array echoendoscope as a vascular intervention. In this review, we describe the endoscopic ultrasound approach to vascular therapy outside of the gastrointestinal wall.

Endoscopic ultrasound hemostasis techniques / Técnicas de hemostasia por ultrasonido endoscópico

Since its development, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has evolved from a simple diagnostic technique to an important therapeutic tool for interventional endoscopy. EUS analysis provides real-time imaging of most major thoracic and abdominal vessels, and the possibility to use needle puncture with a curved linear array echoendoscope as a vascular intervention. In this review, we describe the endoscopic ultrasound approach to vascular therapy outside of the gastrointestinal wall.

Desde su introducción, la ultrasonografía endoscópica (USE) evolucionó de una técnica diagnóstica a un procedimiento terapéutico. La USE proporciona una imagen en tiempo real de la mayoría de los grandes vasos torácicos y abdominales, brindando la posibilidad de utilizar la aguja de punción a través del ecoendoscopio como una intervención vascular. En esta revisión, describimos la intervención vascular por fuera de la pared gastrointestinal mediante ecoendoscopia.

[Endoscopy training by using ex vivo and simulators: a new teaching tool]. / Entrenamiento en endoscopia con modelos "ex vivo" y "simuladores virtuales": nuevos métodos de enseñanza.

In recent decades, the traditional teaching model of gastrointestinal endoscopy has been based on the teacher-student tutorial method based on theoretical models. Today, simulators have the advantages of virtual reality. The handling apparatus is similar to that used in clinical practice; it is safe, which allows unlimited use, cost-effective for institutions and with superior performance over other training models. Besides, biological simulators are a viable, accessible and affordable tool to simulate gastrointestinal lesions, allowing training in endoscopy with a high degree of similarity in the endoscopic appearance. In this review, we analyze both models, showing its advantages for the training of the endoscopist of the times.