Lithium is able to minimize olanzapine oxidative-inflammatory induction on macrophage cells.

BACKGROUND: Olanzapine (OLZ) is a second-generation antipsychotic drug used for treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other neuropsychiatric conditions. Undesirable side effects of OLZ include metabolic alterations associated with chronic oxidative-inflammation events. It is possible that lithium (Li), a mood modulator that exhibits anti-inflammatory properties may attenuate OLZ-induced oxi-inflammatory effects. METHODOLOGY: To test this hypothesis we activated RAW 264.7 immortalized macrophages with OLZ and evaluated oxidation and inflammation at the gene and protein levels. Li and OLZ concentrations were determined using estimated plasma therapeutic concentrations. RESULTS: OLZ triggered a significant increase in macrophage proliferation at 72 h. Higher levels of oxidative markers and proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6, with a concomitant reduction in IL-10, were observed in OLZ-exposed macrophages. Lithium (Li) exposure triggered a short and attenuated inflammatory response demonstrated by elevation of superoxide anion (SA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), IL-1ß, and cellular proliferation followed by elevation of anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels. Li treatment of OLZ-supplemented macrophages was able to reverse elevation of oxidative and inflammatory markers and increase IL-10 levels. CONCLUSIONS: Despite methodological limitations related to in vitro protocols, results suggested that Li may attenuate OLZ-induced oxidative and inflammatory responses that result from metabolic side effects associated with OLZ.

Uso racional de medicamentos: relato de experiência no ensino médico da Unesc, Criciúma/SC / Rational use of medicines: report of an experience in medical education at Unesc Criciúma, Santa Catarina State, Brazil

O presente estudo objetivou disseminar entre os alunos do curso de Medicina da Unesc a lógica do Uso Racional de Medicamentos e suas aplicações na prática médica. Utilizou-se como modelo o curso de formação sobre Uso Racional de Medicamentos promovido pela OMS, por meio do método didático-pedagógico da aprendizagem baseada em problemas, a mesma concepção utilizada pelo curso de Medicina da Unesc. Com apoio e financiamento da Diretoria de Pesquisa e da Diretoria de Extensão e Ação Comunitária (Unesc), o trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir de duas vertentes: a primeira visou capacitar acadêmicos do curso de Medicina na lógica do Uso Racional de Medicamentos; a segunda vertente objetivou desenvolver ações educativas na comunidade dos bairros adjacentes à universidade, envolvendo temas como Uso Racional de Medicamentos. Foram capacitados 35 alunos e realizadas intervenções na comunidade que abrangeram 689 pessoas. Os acadêmicos envolvidos neste trabalho passaram a visualizar a prescrição de medicamentos de forma mais racional e ainda adquiriram a noção da importância de priorizar uma lista de medicamentos essenciais, tendo como base condutas pautadas nas melhores evidências disponíveis.

The current study aimed to disseminate the logic of rational use of medicines and its application in medical practice among medical students at UNESC, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The study's model was the training course on Rational Use of Medicines promoted by the World Health Organization (WHO), using the problem-based teaching-learning method, a strategy adopted by the UNESC School of Medicine in general. With support and funding from the Office of the Dean for Research and the Office of the Dean for Extension and Community Action (UNESC), the project was developed along two lines: first, training undergraduate medical students in the logic of Rational Use of Medicines; second, develop educational activities in the community, in neighborhoods near the university, on themes related to Rational Use of Medicines. Thirty-five students were trained, and community interventions were conducted with a total of 689 community members. The medical students involved in this project began to view prescriptions more rationally and gained a notion of the importance of prioritizing a list of essential drugs, for treatment supported by the best available evidence.

The cannabinoid antagonist SR141716A facilitates memory acquisition and consolidation in the mouse elevated T-maze.

Delta9-THC and synthetic cannabinoids produce memory impairment in humans as well as in laboratory animals. The high concentration of cannabinoid CB1 receptors and the presence of endocannabinoids in the hippocampus suggest that a cannabinoid neurochemical system may play a role in learning and memory processes. Thus, the objective of the present work was to study the effect of the cannabinoid antagonist SR141716A (SR) on memory acquisition, consolidation and retrieval in a recently developed elevated T-maze (ETM) model of anxiety and memory. In addition, we investigated whether pre-training SR administration was capable of reversing scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Adult male mice were exposed to the closed arm as many times as necessary for the animals to reach the avoidance criterion of remaining in the closed arm for 300 s; they were then tested (exposed to the closed arm) 24 h and 7 days after the training. SR (0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg) was administered i.p. 20 min before the training, immediately after training or 20 min before the test in the mice. The elevated plus-maze (EPM) was used to investigate a possible influence of SR on locomotion and on the anxiety-related behavior. SR provoked memory improvement, which was observed when the drug was administered before (effect on memory acquisition/consolidation) or immediately after the training (effect on memory consolidation), but not when the drug was administered before the test (effect on memory retrieval). Also, SR administration reversed scopolamine-induced amnesia. These effects were observed in the absence of changes in locomotion or anxiety levels. Our results demonstrate that the blockade of cannabinoid receptors may improve memory acquisition and consolidation in the ETM model.