RESUMO
In response to growing public health concerns, governments worldwide have implemented various nutrition labelling schemes to promote healthier eating habits. This study aimed to assess the consistency and effectiveness of these labels in an out-of-home context, specifically focusing on restaurant, hospitality, and institutional food service settings. In total, 178 different dishes from Spain were analysed using labels from the Mazocco method, the UK's traffic light system, the Health Star Rating (Australia), Nutri-Score (France), multiple traffic lights (Ecuador), and warning labels (Chile and Uruguay). The results demonstrated a generally low level of agreement among these labels (K < 0.40), indicating notable variability and a lack of consensus, which could hinder consumers' ability to make informed food choices in out-of-home settings. Nutri-Score classified the highest number of dishes as unhealthy (38%). This study underscores the need for an easy-to-understand labelling system tailored to each country's culinary and socio-cultural contexts to improve consumer decision-making in various dining environments. Future research should focus on developing and testing qualitative methods to more accurately gauge the nutritional quality of cooked dishes in diverse out-of-home settings, thereby enhancing public health outcomes. By addressing the specific needs of the home, restaurants, hospitality, and institutional food services, tailored labelling schemes could significantly improve consumers' ability to make healthier food choices.
Assuntos
Comportamento de Escolha , Comportamento do Consumidor , Rotulagem de Alimentos , Preferências Alimentares , Valor Nutritivo , Rotulagem de Alimentos/métodos , Humanos , Restaurantes , Dieta Mediterrânea , Dieta Saudável , Espanha , Serviços de AlimentaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) show a high prevalence of sleep problems. Adding to these problems, another factor appeared two years ago: the COVID-19 pandemic. The objectives of this study were to describe the sleep quality and habits in a sample of EMTs in Spain during COVID-19 pandemic considering the factors related to them. METHODS: A national cross-sectional study was carried out in Spain between October 2020 and February 2021. EMTs who worked in basic and advanced life support ambulances were invited to participate in an online survey. Several sociodemographic variables were analyzed, as well as sleep quality, stress symptoms, pain, food consumption and physical activity. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between these variables and sleep quality. RESULTS: 340 EMTs participated in the study. Of them, 59.4% had poor sleep quality and the habits of 32.2% got worse during the pandemic. The EMTs with a poor sleep quality presented in higher proportion stress symptoms (OR: 4.19; 95% CI: 2.16-8.11; p<0.001), pain (OR: 3.19; 95% CI: 1.7-6.01; p<0.001) and a weekly consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages greater than two glasses (OR: 3.6; 95% CI: 1.86-6.98; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: EMTs show a high prevalence of poor sleep quality, which got worse during the pandemic. The factors related to them are stress, pain and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. This study provides important information so that the emergency services can develop health promotion programs focused on these professionals.
OBJETIVO: Los Técnicos en Emergencias Sanitarias (TES) presentan una alta prevalencia de problemas de sueño. A estos problemas se sumó otro factor hace dos años: la pandemia de la COVID-19. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron describir la calidad y hábitos de sueño en una muestra de TES en España durante la pandemia, teniendo en cuenta sus factores relacionados. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal de carácter nacional, que fue desarrollado en España entre octubre de 2020 y febrero de 2021. Los TES que trabajaban en ambulancias de Soporte Vital Básico o Avanzado fueron invitados a participar en un cuestionario online. Se analizaron varias variables sociodemográficas, la calidad del sueño, los síntomas de estrés, el dolor, el consumo alimentario y la actividad física. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística para examinar las asociaciones entre estas variables y la calidad de sueño. RESULTADOS: Participaron 340 TES en el estudio. La calidad de sueño del 59,4% era mala y los hábitos de sueño del 32,2% empeoraron durante la pandemia. Aquellos con un sueño de mala calidad presentaban en mayor proporción síntomas de estrés (OR: 4,19; IC 95%: 2,16-8,11; p<0,001), dolor (OR: 3,19; IC 95%: 1,7-6,01; p<0,001) y un consumo semanal de bebidas azucaradas superior a dos vasos semanales (OR: 3,6; IC 95%: 1,86-6,98; p<0,001). CONCLUSIONES: Los TES presentan una alta prevalencia de mala calidad de sueño, habiendo empeorado además durante la pandemia. Entre sus factores relacionados se encuentran el estrés, el dolor y el consumo de bebidas azucaradas. Este estudio aporta información importante para que los servicios de emergencias puedan desarrollar programas de promoción de la salud centrados en estos profesionales.