Translation and measurement properties of the Portuguese-Brazil version of the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE-Br).

OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to translate the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) into Brazilian Portuguese and analyze the reliability of the translated version for a population of Brazilian infants. METHODS: This was a methodological study, approved by the Ethics Committee, carried out between June 2020 and May 2021. HINE is a standardized clinical neurological examination used for the early detection of cerebral palsy. The quantitative section, "neurological examination", contains 26 items scored from 0 to 3 points, divided into five categories: cranial nerve function, posture, movements, muscle tone and reflexes, and reactions. The HINE translation followed four steps: translation, synthesis, back-translation, and evaluation by an expert committee. To verify the reliability of the HINE-Br (Portuguese-Brazil version) two independent examiners evaluated 43 infants, between 3 and 22 months of age. Internal consistency was verified by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and interrater reliability by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: The translated version was similar to the original version and a few semantic and idiomatic adjustments were necessary. Appropriate internal consistency (Alpha=0.91) was found for the 26 items of the HINE-Br, as well as strong interrater reliability for the total score (ICC2.1=0.95), and also for the five categories (ICC2.1=0.83-0.95). CONCLUSIONS: The HINE-Br presents adequate rates of internal consistency and interrater reliability, and can be used for the evaluation of children at risk for cerebral palsy, between 3 and 24 months of age, by pediatricians and pediatric physical therapists.

Translation and measurement properties of the Portuguese-Brazil version of the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE-Br) / Tradução e propriedades de medida da versão Português-Brasil do Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE-Br)

ABSTRACT Objective: The current study aimed to translate the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) into Brazilian Portuguese and analyze the reliability of the translated version for a population of Brazilian infants. Methods: This was a methodological study, approved by the Ethics Committee, carried out between June 2020 and May 2021. HINE is a standardized clinical neurological examination used for the early detection of cerebral palsy. The quantitative section, "neurological examination", contains 26 items scored from 0 to 3 points, divided into five categories: cranial nerve function, posture, movements, muscle tone and reflexes, and reactions. The HINE translation followed four steps: translation, synthesis, back-translation, and evaluation by an expert committee. To verify the reliability of the HINE-Br (Portuguese-Brazil version) two independent examiners evaluated 43 infants, between 3 and 22 months of age. Internal consistency was verified by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and interrater reliability by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: The translated version was similar to the original version and a few semantic and idiomatic adjustments were necessary. Appropriate internal consistency (Alpha=0.91) was found for the 26 items of the HINE-Br, as well as strong interrater reliability for the total score (ICC2.1=0.95), and also for the five categories (ICC2.1=0.83-0.95). Conclusions: The HINE-Br presents adequate rates of internal consistency and interrater reliability, and can be used for the evaluation of children at risk for cerebral palsy, between 3 and 24 months of age, by pediatricians and pediatric physical therapists.

RESUMO Objetivo: Traduzir o Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) para o português brasileiro e analisar a confiabilidade da versão traduzida em lactentes brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo metodológico, aprovado por Comitê de Ética, realizado entre junho de 2020 e maio de 2021. O HINE é um exame clínico neurológico padronizado, utilizado para detecção precoce de paralisia cerebral. A seção quantitativa, "exame neurológico", contém 26 itens pontuados de 0 a 3, divididos em 5 categorias: função dos nervos cranianos; postura; movimentos; tônus muscular e reflexos; e reações. A tradução do HINE seguiu quatro etapas: tradução; síntese; retrotradução; e avaliação por um comitê de especialistas. Dois examinadores independentes avaliaram 43 lactentes, entre 3 e 22 meses, utilizando a versão HINE-Br (versão em português brasileiro), para verificar sua confiabilidade. A consistência interna foi verificada pelo coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach e a confiabilidade interexaminadores pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI). Resultados: A versão traduzida foi semelhante à versão original e poucos ajustes semânticos e idiomáticos foram necessários. Encontrou-se consistência interna adequada (Apha=0,91) para os 26 itens do HINE-Br, bem como forte confiabilidade interexaminadores para o escore total (CCI2,1=0,95) e também para as cinco categorias (CCI2,1=0,83-0,95). Conclusões: O HINE-Br apresenta índices adequados de consistência interna e confiabilidade interexaminadores, podendo ser utilizada para avaliação de crianças com risco de apresentar paralisia cerebral, entre 3 e 24 meses de idade, por pediatras e fisioterapeutas infantis.

Cannabinoids for the treatment of autism and childhood epilepsy / Canabinoides no tratamento do autismo e epilepsia infantil

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are diseases with neuropsychiatric impairment, which, depending on their clinical presentation, can be treated with medical cannabis. The objective of this work is to present a brief review of the literature on the use of cannabinoids (CNB) in the management of ASD and epilepsy. CONTENTS: The elaboration of this review was made from search and selection. Searches were carried out in the following databases: LILACS, Medline via Pubmed, Scielo and Cochrane Library, published from January 2010 to December 2022. CONCLUSION: The use of CNB, both for epilepsy and for ASD, has been shown to be safe, however actual effectiveness has yet to be proven.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A epilepsia e o transtorno do espectro do autismo (TEA) são doenças com comprometimento neuropsiquiátrico, os quais, dependendo da sua apresentação clínica, podem ser tratados com a cannabis medicinal. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar uma breve revisão da literatura sobre o uso de canabinoides (CNB) no manejo do TEA e da epilepsia. CONTEÚDO: A elaboração desta revisão foi feita a partir de busca e seleção. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados: LILACS, Medline via Pubmed, Scielo e Cochrane Library, publicados no período de janeiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2022. CONCLUSÃO: O uso dos CNB, tanto para epilepsia quanto para o TEA, tem se mostrado seguro, porém a real eficácia ainda não foi comprovada.

Incorporation of information technology in Primary Care of SUS in North-eastern Brazil: expectations and experiences.

The incorporation of information technology (IT) via an electronic record of health data in primary care is transforming the organization of labor and professional practices in Brazil. The scope of this study is to establish the expectations and experiences of incorporating IT in the primary health care of the Unified Health System (SUS) with the implementation of the National Health Card System (SCNS). It involved qualitative research with 50 interviews and 96 questionnaires comparing the opinion of health professionals about technological innovation in locations with the SCNS and where it has not yet been incorporated in the cities of João Pessoa and Aracaju, respectively. The expectation was that IT would speed up the work schedule, which was not confirmed at the location where the SCNS had been incorporated. IT can improve labor organization, the flow of data and information and enable the digital insertion of the professional. The "light" technology of health care cannot be expedited by IT, as it is necessary to impart knowledge to the professionals. However, it can improve working conditions by data gathering and organization, giving immediate feedback to the professional recording the data and enhance the ability to manage health policies.

Incorporação da tecnologia da informação na Atenção Básica do SUS no Nordeste do Brasil: expectativas e experiências / Incorporation of information technology in Primary Care of SUS in North-eastern Brazil: expectations and experiences

Resumo A incorporação de tecnologia da informação por meio do registro eletrônico de dados em saúde na atenção básica transforma a organização do trabalho e as práticas profissionais. O objetivo deste estudo é conhecer as expectativas e a experiência da informatização nos serviços de atenção básica do SUS na implantação do Sistema Cartão Nacional de Saúde (SCNS), Cartão SUS. Pesquisa qualitativa, que compara, por meio de 50 entrevistas e 96 questionários, a opinião dos profissionais de saúde sobre a inovação tecnológica, em locais “Sem” e “Com” o SCNS, nos municípios de João Pessoa (Paraíba) e de Aracaju (Sergipe), respectivamente. Há expectativa de que a informatização reduz o tempo para execução do trabalho, o que não foi confirmado pelo local informatizado. A informatização traz melhorias na organização do trabalho, para os usos da informação e possibilita a inserção digital do profissional. A tecnologia “leve” da atividade de cuidado da saúde não é reproduzida pela informatização, a qual aumenta a necessidade de incorporação de saberes aos profissionais, melhora as condições de trabalho, organiza a coleta de dados, aproxima os usos da informação por quem os registrou, e amplia a capacidade de gestão das políticas de saúde.

Abstract The incorporation of information technology (IT) via an electronic record of health data in primary care is transforming the organization of labor and professional practices in Brazil. The scope of this study is to establish the expectations and experiences of incorporating IT in the primary health care of the Unified Health System (SUS) with the implementation of the National Health Card System (SCNS). It involved qualitative research with 50 interviews and 96 questionnaires comparing the opinion of health professionals about technological innovation in locations with the SCNS and where it has not yet been incorporated in the cities of João Pessoa and Aracaju, respectively. The expectation was that IT would speed up the work schedule, which was not confirmed at the location where the SCNS had been incorporated. IT can improve labor organization, the flow of data and information and enable the digital insertion of the professional. The “light” technology of health care cannot be expedited by IT, as it is necessary to impart knowledge to the professionals. However, it can improve working conditions by data gathering and organization, giving immediate feedback to the professional recording the data and enhance the ability to manage health policies.

Torcicolo agudo como manifestação clínica isolada de histiocitose / Acute torticollis as a single clinical manifestation of histiocitosis

Menino, com 9 anos de idade, teve episódio agudo prolongado de torcicolo (laterocólis à esquerda), com duração de quinze dias. Radiografia de coluna evidenciou colapso da vértebra C5 e o diagnóstico final foi granuloma eosinofílico. O torcicolo pode ser agudo, recorrente ou prolongado. No adulto, a maioria dos casos de torcicolo recorrente é postural, mas na infância, torcicolos recorrentes ou prolongados tiveram possibilidade significativamente aumentada de haver uma causa, sendo asmais comuns lesões estruturais de coluna e lesões de neurônio motor primário.

A 9-year old boy presented an acute episode of torticollis (left deviation) that lasted for fifteen days. Conventional radiology of the cervical spine showed collapse of the C5 vertebra. His conclusive diagnosis was thatof eosinophilic granuloma. Torticollis can be acute recurrent or prolonged. In adulthood, most cases of recurrent torticollis are caused by postural problems; however, in childhood, recurrent or prolonged torticollis is much more likely to have a cause, and the most common are spine structural lesions or lesions in the primary motor neuron.

Epilepsy and social security: general aspects of the insured claimants and medical decisions.

BACKGROUND: Epilepsy affects adults at productive age and interferes with their ability to work. However, the granting of social security benefits to these patients has not received sufficient attention. This article aims to provide a profile of individuals with a previous diagnosis of epilepsy that file claims for social security benefits and a profile of the medical advisory decisions that support the concession of these benefits. PARTICIPANTS: A sample of thirty individuals with illness-related problems due to epilepsy was selected from the claimants that receive Social Security Incapacity/Sickness benefits. METHODS: An exploratory data analysis of the 188 Social Security medical files of the thirty claimants was performed using the clinical and epidemiological information and the medical advisory criteria. RESULTS: The mean age of the claimants was 39 years and most of them were males in jobs that do not require a lot of schooling. The first claim was filed within an average of four years of employment. On average, each worker files a claim every three months, which entitles him/her to receive incapacity/sickness benefits for seventeen months. The frequency of seizures and the medications used by the claimants were registered in 60% of the medical files. In addition, the description of the physical and neurological exam was incomplete in 50% of the files. Furthermore, 60% of the files did not include the argument or the clinical evidence that was used to justify the concession of a benefit. CONCLUSION: The medical advisory decisions on epileptic workers tend to be inconsistent, overly lenient and generally lacking in clinical evidence. The disparities among the granted benefits indicate the need for the National Social Security System to review and draft specific guidelines for epilepsy.

Epilepsia e Previdência Social: a decisão médico-pericial / Epilepsy and Social Security: the medical decision making on disability compensation

A maior dificuldade encontrada no manejo de pacientes com epilepsia frente aos seguros saúde é que, apesar de todo o aparato tecnológico de que se dispõe atualmente, o diagnóstico continua sendo predominantemente clínico, não havendo critérios objetivos na definição da incapacidade laborativa. Este ensaio tem como propósito discutir necessidades e parâmetros e apresentar uma proposta de aperfeiçoamento de relatório a ser preenchido pelo médico assistente a fim de traçar estratégias para que o perito médico defina, com maior segurança, a incapacidade laborativa em segurados portadores de epilepsia. A proposta discute aspectos relacionados a diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico, assim como fatores que interferem na capacidade de trabalho, visando auxiliar a decisão médico-pericial acerca da concessão ou não de benefícios.

Regarding health insurances, the major difficulty in handling patients with epilepsy is that the diagnosis is basically clinical, and there is not a totally objective criteria to define work incapacity, even with all the existing modern technology. In this essay we discuss needs and parameters, propose guidelines for the report filled up by assistant physicians, and formulate strategies to help medical experts defining work incapacity for workers with epilepsy, with a greater margin of accuracy. We discuss aspects related to diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and list facts that can eventually interfere in the ability to work, contributing for medical experts to decide whether they should or not grant disability benefits.

O bruxismo pode ser manifestação de epilepsia do lobo temporal? Relato de caso de uma criança com bruxismo e cisto hipocampal / Can bruxism be a sign of the temporal lobe epilepsy? Case reportof a child with bruxism and hippocampal cystic lesion

O bruxismo é uma condição multifatorial e de elevada prevalência na infância. Entretanto, como sinal de epilepsia do lobo temporal, parece ser um evento raro. Há registros de pacientes com bruxismo relacionado a crises do lobo temporal, demonstrando que, excepcionalmente, um evento como o ranger de dentes, pode não ser apenas uma parassonia. Apresentamos uma criança com bruxismo, cuja ressonância cerebral mostra lesão cística, compatível com cisto de fissura coróidea, que comprime o hipocampo esquerdo. O bruxismo foi documentadopor polissonografia, com montagem eletrencefalográfica ampliada, sem qualquer expressão eletrográfica durante os episódios. Mostramos assim que a relação de bruxismo e epilepsia neste paciente com lesão potencialmente epileptogênica é remota.

Sleep bruxism is a condition of high prevalence in childhood and has multifactorial causes. However, as a sign of temporal lobe epilepsy, it seems to be a rare event. There are reports of patients with bruxism related to temporal lobe seizures, showing that, exceptionally, an event such as teeth grinding may not be just a parasomnia. We present a childwith bruxism, whose brain resonance shows cystic lesion compatible with choroid fissure cyst, which compresses the left hippocampus. Bruxism was documented by polysomnography, with extended electroencephalographic setup, without any electroencephalographic expression during episodes. Thus, we showed that the relation betweenbruxism and epilepsy in this patient with potentially epileptogenic lesion is remote.

ACUTE LESION OF THE MOTOR BRANCH OF THE ULNAR NERVE IN THE WRIST AFTER TUG-OF-WAR TRAINING.

Papers correlating clinical and electrophysiological findings relating to ulnar nerve lesions in the wrist are uncommon in the literature, if compared with elbow injuries. We present the case of a patient with atrophy of the intrinsic musculature of the hand, secondary to injury only of the motor branch of the ulnar nerve, which is located in Guyon's canal close to the hamate hook. We review the anatomical, clinical and neurophysiological aspects of distal ulnar nerve injuries and we emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary approaches. Specifically in relation to the mechanism of injury of this patient (tug-of-war), we did not find any similar cases in the literature. We issue an alert regarding the risks during military physical training.

Lesão aguda do ramo motor do nervo ulnar no punho após treinamento com cabo de guerra / Acute lesion of the motor branch of the ulnar nerve in the wrist after tug-of-war training

Artigos que correlacionam achados clínicos e eletrofisiológicos da lesão do nervo ulnar no punho são incomuns na literatura, se comparados com lesões no cotovelo. Apresentamos o caso de um paciente com atrofia da musculatura intrínseca da mão, secundária à lesão exclusiva do ramo motor do nervo ulnar, localizada no canal de Guyon, próxima ao gancho do hamato. Revisamos aspectos anatômicos, clínicos, neurofisiológicos da lesão do nervo ulnar, de localização distal e enfatizamos a importância da abordagem multidisciplinar. Especificamente relacionado ao mecanismo de lesão do paciente (cabo de guerra), não encontramos casos semelhantes na literatura e alertamos quanto aos riscos durante o treinamento físico militar.

Papers correlating clinical and electrophysiological findings relating to ulnar nerve lesions in the wrist are uncommon in the literature, if compared with elbow injuries. We present the case of a patient with atrophy of the intrinsic musculature of the hand, secondary to injury only of the motor branch of the ulnar nerve, which is located in Guyon's canal close to the hamate hook. We review the anatomical, clinical and neurophysiological aspects of distal ulnar nerve injuries and we emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary approaches. Specifically in relation to the mechanism of injury of this patient (tug-of-war), we did not find any similar cases in the literature. We issue an alert regarding the risks during military physical training.

Effects of Nd:YAG laser irradiation on the hybrid layer of different adhesive systems.

PURPOSE: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (microTBS) and hybrid layer morphology of different adhesive systems, either followed by treatment with Nd:YAG laser irradiation or not. Previous studies have shown the effects of Nd:YAG laser irradiation on the dentin surface at restoration margins, but there are few reports about the significance of the irradiation on the hybrid layer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The flattened coronal and root dentin samples of 24 bovine teeth were randomly divided into 8 groups, according to the adhesive system used -- Scotchbond Multi Purpose (SBMP) or Clearfil SE Bond (CSEB) -- and were either irradiated with Nd:YAG or not, with different parameters: 0.8 W/10 Hz, 0.8 W/20 Hz, 1.2 W/10 Hz, 1.2 W/20 Hz. The left sides of specimens were the control groups, and right sides were irradiated. A composite crown was built over bonded surfaces and stored in water (24 h at 37 degrees C). Specimens were sectioned vertically into slabs that were subjected to microTBS testing and observed by SEM. RESULTS: Control groups (27.81 +/- 1.38) showed statistically higher values than lased groups (21.37 +/- 0.99), and CSEB control group values (31.26 +/- 15.71) were statistically higher than those of SBMP (24.3 +/- 10.66). There were no significant differences between CSEB (20.34 +/- 10.01) and SBMP (22.43 +/- 9.82) lased groups. Among parameters tested, 0.8 W/10 Hz showed the highest value (25.54 +/- 11.74). Nd:YAG laser irradiation caused dentin to melt under the adhesive layer of both adhesive systems tested. CONCLUSION: With the parameters used in this study, Nd:YAG laser irradiation of the hybrid layer promoted morphological changes in dentin and negatively influenced the bond strength of both adhesive systems.

Microleakage of glass ionomer restoration in cavities prepared by Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation in primary teeth.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate microleakage of cavity preparation in primary teeth made with an Er, Cr:YSGG laser (L) or high-speed drill (HD) and conventional (CGIC) and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC). METHODS: One hundred primary teeth were divided into 10 groups (N=10): (a) groups 1 and 2 represented cavities prepared by a no. 1012 diamond bur with HD; (b) groups 3 through 10 represented cavities prepared with an Er, Cr:YSGG laser (with a repetition rate of 20 Hz power settings varying for enamel=2.5 W and 3 W and dentine=1.0 W and 1.5 W). After cavity preparation, samples were restored with CGIC (Ketac Molar Easy Mix) and RMGIC (Vitremer), impermeabilized, thermal cycled, stained, washed, and sectioned. The degree of dye penetration was scored by 3 standardized examiners using a light stereoscope at X30 magnification. RESULTS: The Kruskal-Wallis test detected no statistical differences between the cavity preparation methods (P<.049). Neither of the GICs tested were able to avoid microleakage, and the RMGIC showed the lowest statistical degree of microleakage compared with CGIC for both types of cavity preparation. CONCLUSIONS: The Er,Cr:YSGG laser provided an equivalent method of cavity preparation compared to the high-speed drill. The resin-modified glass ionomer cement showed the lowest degree of microleakage. This restorative material should be considered when choosing the cavity preparation method.

Number and viability of parasite influence seizure frequency in children with neurocysticercosis

We investigated the relationship between CT findings - number and the viability phase of the parasites - and the seizure frequency in children with neurocysticercosis before and short-term after antiepileptic drug (AED) introduction. We only found a significant interaction between stage of parasitic infection and number of lesions on seizure frequency after AED treatment. Patients with more than five lesions on active or transitional stages had higher seizure frequency predicting a worse short-term prognosis

Interrelationship between radiologic findings and prognosis of epilepsy in children with neurocysticercosis.

INTRODUCTION: Epileptic manifestations of Neurocysticercosis (NC) appear to depend on number and localization of the cysts. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between CT findings, number of parasites and the evolutive stage of the cysts, and the prognosis of epilepsy in children with NC. METHOD: We studied 28 patients with the parenchymal form of NC, considering: epilepsy duration; seizure frequency before and after AED treatment; seizure control; number of AED and recurrence after AED withdrawal. Clinical information was crossed with the number of lesions and disease activity in univariate comparison. RESULTS: The analysis of the clinical data in relation to the number of lesions and disease activity showed no statistical difference among the variables (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: We conclude that the course of epilepsy due to NC in childhood cannot be based exclusively on the number or stage of the parasites.