Tomographic evaluation of buccal bone in different skeletal patterns and incisors inclination.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to correlate the absence of BB with skeletal patterns and incisor inclination using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS: The sample comprised CBCT images of 45 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. BB was classified in each third of the anterior teeth as critical, slender, regular, and thick. The skeletal pattern was determined by the ANB (A point, nasion, B point) angle and the incisor inclination using the 1.NA and 1.NB measurements and the interincisal angle (1:1). RESULTS: In both analyses, the skeletal pattern of class II revealed better BB in the cervical and middle thirds than classes I and III. A higher proportion of critical BB was found in the middle thirds, and the apical third presented the best regular and thick BB conditions, mainly class I. Less BB was observed in middle and apical thirds in the upper incisors and in cervical thirds in lower incisors, mostly when they were more upright. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of alveolar bone height and thickness can alter the treatment plan in orthodontics. During orthodontic treatment, more attention should be paid to the lower incisors and vertical teeth because of poor BB conditions, especially in class III skeletal patterns.

Avaliação do dimorfismo sexual por meio de medidas lineares entre os processos mastoides e a espinha nasal anterior em crânios secos humanos / Evaluation of the sexual dimorphism by linear measurements between the mastoid process and the anterior nasal spine in human dry skulls

Objetivo ­ Desenvolver um novo método para a estimativa do sexo a partir de medidas entre os processos mastoides e a espinha nasal anterior em crânios secos humanos. Métodos ­ A amostra foi composta por 299 crânios, sendo 181 masculinos e 118 femininos, todos de indivíduos com idades conhecidas. Em cada crânio foram realizadas medidas lineares através de pontos craniométricos selecionados previamente. Foram realizadas as seguintes medidas: N-ENA (distância entre o násio e a espinha nasal anterior); PIMD-ENA (distância entre o polo inferior do processo mastóide direito e espinha nasal anterior) e PIME-ENA (distância entre o polo inferior do processo mastóide esquerdo e espinha nasal anterior). A partir da obtenção das medidas lineares, também foi determinada a uma área triangular, delimitada pela distância da espinha nasal anterior aos polos inferiores dos processos mastóides. Resultados ­ Pode-se observar que todas as distâncias lineares foram maiores no sexo masculino que no feminino e, consequentemente, a área triangular também foi maior. Houveram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre todas as medidas realizadas de acordo com o dimorfismo sexual, bem como em relação a área triangular (P<0.05). Conclusão ­ O método proposto neste estudo pode ser utilizado para a determinação do dimorfismo sexual, onde os homens possuem medidas lineares maiores que as mulheres.

Objective ­ To develop a new method in order to estimate the sex although measurements between the mastoid processes to the anterior nasal spine in human dry skulls. Methods ­ The sample was composed of 299 skulls, being 181 male and 118 female, all of the individuals with the knowledge age. In each skull was performed linear measurements in selected craniometric points. It was performed the follow measurements: N-ANE (distance between the nasium and the anterior nasal spine); IPRMP-ANE (distance between the inferior polo of the right mastoid process and the anterior nasal spine) and IPLMP-ANE (distance between the inferior polo of the left mastoid process and the anterior nasal spine). Based on the linear measurements, it was determined was well as the triangular area, delimited by the anterior nasal spine and both mastoid processes. Results ­ It was possible to observe that all linear distances were higher in males than in females and, consequently, the triangular area. Statistical significant differences were observed in all measurements according to sex dimorphism, as well as in relation to the triangular area (P<0.05). Conclusion ­ The proposed method in this study could be used in order to determinate the sexual dimorphism, being the measurements in male higher than in females

Evaluation of buccal bone coverage in the anterior region by cone-beam computed tomography.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity of diagnoses of buccal bone coverage in anterior teeth between axial and sagittal reconstructions using cone-beam computed tomography. METHODS: Five dry skulls were clinically evaluated to detect bone defects in the anterior maxilla and mandible to establish a gold standard. The skulls were prepared and placed on a Kodak 9000 3-dimensional scanner (Trophy, Marne La Vallée, France) for image acquisition. The images were processed and reconstructed using Kodak Dental Imaging software 3-dimensional module (version 2.4; Kodak Dental Systems, Atlanta, Ga). All bone defects were identified and recorded. RESULTS: In the sagittal and axial reconstructions, regions without bone coverage were diagnosed in 91.03% of cases as "cortex not seen" or "minimum thickness, fine, without marrow bone." CONCLUSIONS: Cone-beam computed tomography can help in the diagnosis of lack of bone coverage on the buccal surfaces of anterior teeth. There was no difference in the performance of the axial and sagittal reconstructions.

Interceptação do hábito de sucção digital: relato de dois casos clínicos / Early treatment of sucking digital habit: two cases report

O hábito de sucção digital é frequente em crianças e está intimamente relacionado ao desenvolvimento de más oclusões, podendo interferir no padrão de crescimento dentofacial.Dentre as más oclusões associadas a esse hábito, destacam-se a mordida aberta anterior e a mordida cruzada posterior. Este artigo relata dois casos clínicos que tiveram o hábito de sucção digital como etiologia desses problemas, tratados de maneira distinta que obtiveram êxito ao final do tratamento. Por fim, ressalta-se a importância do diagnóstico e da remoção do hábito o mais precocemente possível pelos cirurgiões-dentistas, principalmente odontopediatras, para evitar efeitos deletérios ao desenvolvimento da oclusão.

The finger sucking habit is frequently in children and its relationship with malocclusion has been well addressed in the literature. The deleterious impact of this habit can interfereon facial growth pattern as well as dental development and is associated to anterior open bite and posterior crossbite etiology. This article brings two cases report of anterior open bite caused by finger sucking habit treated with different approaches, and achieved good results. It is important to highlight the need of early diagnosis and proper intervention in malocclusions related to dental habits in order to restore normal dental development.