Nearly Complete Genome Sequences of Two Canine Mamastrovirus 5 Strains from Latin America.

We report the nearly complete genome sequences of CAstV-PK01 and CAstV-PK03, two canine astrovirus strains belonging to the species Mamastrovirus 5, which were detected in fecal swab samples collected from puppies with diarrhea from two different kennels in the Brazilian Amazon.

Oral manifestation in a pediatric patient with pentasomy x. A case report.

Aim: To describe the oral finding, physical features and medical features with the genetic diagnosis of a Pentasomy X. Case report: A 6-year-old female patient was referred for oral evaluation presenting acute pain related to ulcers in the attached gingival and dorsum of tongue mucosa. Medical history revealed Pentasomy X associated with interatrial communication, convergent strabismus, recurrent seizures, dysautonomia, episodes of thrombosis and cognitive delay with limited oral communication skills. A palliative oral treatment was applied. Oral hygiene improvement and surveillance were decided considering the absence of dental hypersensitivity, post eruptive enamel breakdowns or dental caries. Less than 30 cases had been reported in the literature, reflecting the rare nature of this genetic disorder and with great difficulties to perform dental treatment. As regards the oral health status of these patients, with an emphasis on dental care, information is totally lacking. Conclusion: Oral care in patients with genetic syndromes must consider the status in general health to prevent medical complications associated with oral disease or dental treatment. Minimal intervention and surveillance are appropriate options in customized therapy.

Objetivo: Describir los hallazgos orales, características físicas y médicas con el diagnóstico genético de una pentasomía X. Reporte de caso: Paciente de 6 años remitida para evaluación bucal por presentar dolor agudo relacionado con úlceras en la encía adherida y dorso de la lengua. La historia clínica reveló pentasomía X asociada con comunicación interauricular, estrabismo convergente, convulsiones recurrentes, disautonomía, episodios de trombosis y retraso cognitivo con habilidades limitadas de comunicación oral. Se aplicó un tratamiento oral paliativo. Se decidió la mejora de la higiene oral y la vigilancia considerando la ausencia de hipersensibilidad dental, fracturas de esmalte poseruptivas o caries dental. Se han reportado menos de 30 casos en la literatura, lo que refleja la naturaleza rara de este trastorno genético y con grandes dificultades para realizar el tratamiento odontológico. En cuanto al estado de salud bucal de estos pacientes, con énfasis en el cuidado dental, la información es poca. Conclusión: El cuidado bucal en pacientes con síndromes genéticos debe considerar el estado de salud general para prevenir complicaciones médicas asociadas con enfermedades bucales o tratamientos odontológicos. La intervención mínima y la vigilancia son opciones apropiadas en la terapia personalizada.

Atención odontológica humanizada a un paciente con neurofibromatosis tipo 1 atendido en una clínica de odontología de especialización infantil: reporte de Caso / Humanized dental care for a patient with type 1 neurofibromatosis attended in a specialized children's dentistry clinic: case report / Atendimento odontológico humanizado a paciente com neurofibromatose tipo 1 atendido em ambulatório especializado de odontologia infantil: relato de caso

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo relatar el abordaje individualizado, inclusivo y humanizado de un niño de 4 años y tres meses, con diagnóstico de neurofibromatosis tipo 1, atendido en la Carrera de Especialización en Odontopediatría de la Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de la Repú blica, Montevideo, Uruguay. En el examen clínico se pudo observar cicatrices derivadas del tratamiento quirúrgico del neurofibroma plexiforme en la zona cervical y la presencia de hipotonicidad muscular oral. Al examen clínico intraoral, se observaron amplias zonas desdentadas a consecuencia de exodoncias de quince dientes deciduos. Presentaba lesiones activas de caries en los dientes remanentes, acompañado de biopelícula generalizada y sangrado gingival provocado. Se realizó un abordaje integral del paciente y la terapia rehabilitadora mediante el uso de prótesis parcial removible superior e inferior. Concluímos que el tratamiento odontológico educativo, preventivo, restaurador y rehabilitador fue satisfactorio y la empatía, como proceso dinámico, involucró mecanismos cognitivos, afectivos y conductuales, y fue reconocida por sus efectos positivos en la promoción de la salud bucal del paciente.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar uma abordagem odontológica individualizada, inclusiva e humanizada, enfatizando a importância do tratamento de uma criança de 4 anos e três meses, com diagnóstico de neurofibromatose tipo 1, que foi encaminhada e tratada en la clínica de la Carrera de Especialización en Odontopediatria de la Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de la República. O exame clínico revelou cicatrizes decorrentes do tratamento cirúrgico do neurofibroma plexiforme que acometia o pescoço da criança e hipotonicidade muscular oral. Ao exame clínico intraoral, quinze dentes decíduos estavam ausentes e cinco com lesões de cárie na primeira infância, além de presença generalizada de biofilme microbiano nas superfícies dentais e sangramento gengival provocado. Foi realizado tratamento odontológico necessário ao paciente, com os devidos cuidados e terapia reabilitadora com prótese parcial removível superior e inferior. Concluímos que o tratamento odontológico educacional, preventivo, restaurador e reabilitador foi satisfatório e a empatia, como processo dinâmico, envolveu mecanismos cognitivos, afetivos e comportamentais e foi reconhecida por seus efeitos positivos na promoção da saúde bucal do paciente.

This paper aims to report an individualized, inclusive, and humanized dental approach, emphasizing the importance of treating a child aged four years and three months with neurofibromatosis type 1. The patient was referred and treated at the Clinic of the Specialization Course in Pediatric Dentistry of the Graduate School, School of Dentistry, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay. The clinical examination revealed scars from the surgical treatment of the plexiform neurofibroma and neck and oral muscle hypotonicity. The intraoral clinical examination showed large edentulous areas as 15 deciduous teeth were missing. The patient had active carious lesions, generalized microbial biofilm on the tooth surfaces, and gingival bleeding. A comprehensive treatment was provided, as well as restorative therapy with upper and lower removable partial dentures. We conclude that the dental educational, preventive, restorative, and rehabilitation treatment was satisfactory. Furthermore, empathy, as a dynamic process, involved cognitive, affective, and behavioral mechanisms. It also helped enhance the patient's oral health.

Isolation and Characterization of Plant Growth-Promotion Diazotrophic Endophytic Bacteria Associated to Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Grown in Paraíba, Brazil

Abstract: Sugarcane is an important Brazilian commodity, being usually cultivated in soils with low natural fertility. This study aimed to isolate diazotrophic endophytes from sugarcane tissues and evaluate the morphological and physiological characteristics of their colonies as well as their plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits in select diazotrophic endophytic bacteria. Fifty-six bacterial isolates were identified in the sugarcane tissues, and these isolates presented distinct morphological and physiological traits. A total of thirty-five bacterial isolates were biochemically evaluated. Overall, Bacillus was the dominant genus. Isolates of Methylobacterium spp. and Brevibacillus agri were present only in leaves, while Herbaspirillum seropedicae occurred only in stems. Except to IPA-CF45A, all isolates were nitrogenase positive. All endophytes exhibit production of indol 3-acetic acid. Over 50% of endophytes solubilize phosphate, release N-acyl homoserine lactones, and present the activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase, catalase, lipase and protease. The network analysis showed that isolates belonged to Burkholderia, Herbaspirillum, and Methylobacterium interact with Bacillus. Bacterial endophytes exhibited distinct morphological, physiological, and PGP traits that are useful for sustainable agriculture, highlighting the isolates IPA-CC33, IPA-CF65, IPA-CC9 and IPA-CF27. Further studies on the effects of these diazotrophic endophytes and their potential for providing microbial inoculants for improving sugarcane fields will provide valuable information to maintain the sustainability and environment quality.

Perceived Stress in Dentists and Dental Students of Latin America and the Caribbean during the Mandatory Social Isolation Measures for the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study aims to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically considering the mandatory social isolation measures implemented, on the perceived stress of a sample of dentists and dental students from Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as the associated sociodemographic and pandemic-related variables. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a sample of 2036 dentists and dental students (1433 women). For the main outcome, the 14-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) was used. The survey also questioned sociodemographic aspects, questions on the COVID-19 pandemic, health variables, and habits. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses (linear regression) were applied to observe the factors associated with perceived stress. The PSS-14 mean score was 24.76 (±11.76). Hierarchical regression models showed significant variables associated with the PSS-14 scores: income level during mandatory social isolation, having older adults under care during mandatory social isolation, self-perceived level of concern regarding COVID-19, self-perceived health, Coffee consumption during mandatory social isolation. In general terms, the pandemic has influenced the personal, social, labor, and everyday life of dental staff and affected the mental health of this population specifically when perceived stress is considered. Public policies, strategies, and mental health surveillance systems are required for this population.

Distinct bacterial community structure and composition along different cowpea producing ecoregions in Northeastern Brazil.

Soil microbial communities represent the largest biodiversity on Earth, holding an important role in promoting plant growth and productivity. However, the knowledge about how soil factors modulate the bacteria community structure and distribution in tropical regions remain poorly understood, mainly in different cowpea producing ecoregions belonging to Northeastern Brazil. This study addressed the bacterial community along three different ecoregions (Mata, Sertão, and Agreste) through the16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that soil factors, such as Al3+, sand, Na+, cation exchange excel, and total organic C, influenced the bacterial community and could be a predictor of the distinct performance of cowpea production. Also, the bacterial community changed between different ecoregions, and some keystone groups related to plant-growth promotion, such as Bradyrhizobium, Bacillales, Rhizobiales, and Solibacillus, were correlated to cowpea yield, so revealing that the soil microbiome has a primordial role in plant productivity. Here, we provide evidence that bacterial groups related to nutrient cycling can help us to increase cowpea efficiency and we suggest that a better microbiome knowledge can contribute to improving the agricultural performance.

Prevalência da violência contra crianças, adolescentes, mulheres e idosos no município de Porto Alegre de 2017 a 2019 / Prevalence of violence against children, adolescents, women and older adults in the municipality of Porto Alegre from 2017 to 2019 / Prevalencia de violencia contra niños, adolescentes, mujeres y ancianos en Porto Alegre de 2017 a 2019

Este estudo teve o objetivo de delinear o perfil sociodemográfico de crianças, adolescentes, mulheres e idosos que vivenciaram violência no município de Porto Alegre (RS) no período de janeiro de 2017 a dezembro de 2019. Foi realizada pesquisa quantitativa, de abordagem epidemiológica, com recorte dos registros de ocorrência em crianças, adolescentes, mulheres e idosos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de notificações via Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan), disponibilizados pela Equipe de Vigilância de Doenças Crônicas e Agravos Não Transmissíveis da Coordenadoria Geral de Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Porto Alegre. As variáveis analisadas foram: ano de notificação, idade, sexo, cor, se possui alguma deficiência, local da ocorrência, recorrência, tipo de violência, sexo do agressor e encaminhamentos. Foram notificados 8.394 casos. Entre os anos notificados, a maior prevalência ocorreu em 2019, com 42,68%. Foi identificado que 30,34% das notificações referiam-se a vítimas crianças, 22,81% aos adolescentes, 40,65% às mulheres e 6,18% a idosos. A maioria dos casos ocorreu com pessoas brancas (72,49%) e o tipo de violência mais prevalente na notificação foi a tentativa de suicídio, com 29,96%, ocorrida na residência (71,63%). Conclui-se que as notificações de violência contra crianças, adolescentes, mulheres e idosos no município de Porto Alegre aumentaram nos anos de 2017 a 2019.

This study outlines the sociodemographic profile of children, adolescents, women and older adults victim of violence in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil, from January 2017 to December 2019. A quantitative, epidemiological research research focused on records involving children, adolescents, women and older adults was carried out. Data were collected from the notifications registered at the Information System for Notifiable Diseases, made available by the Chronic and Non-Communicable Diseases Surveillance Team of the Health Surveillance Coordination from the Porto Alegre Municipal Health Department. Year of notification, age, gender, race/ethnicity, place of occurrence, recurrence, type of violence, gender of the aggressor and referrals were the variables analyzed. The search found 8394 cases, with the highest prevalence of notifications reported in 2019 (25.90%). Of these, 30.34% referred to children, 22.81% to adolescents, 40.65% to women, and 6.18% to older adults. Most cases happened to white color (72.49%), by suicide attempt (29.96%) at home (71.63%). In conclusion, reports of violence against children, adolescents, women and older adults in the municipality of Porto Alegre increased from 2017 to 2019.

Este estudio tuvo por objetivo identificar el perfil sociodemográfico de niños, adolescentes, mujeres y ancianos que sufrieron violencia en la ciudad de Porto Alegre (Brasil) en el período de enero de 2017 a diciembre de 2019. Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa, de enfoque epidemiológico, con destaque de los registros de ocurrencia en niños, adolescentes, mujeres y ancianos. Los datos fueron recolectados de notificaciones realizadas por el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades Notificables (Sinan), puestas a disposición por el Equipo de Vigilancia de Enfermedades Crónicas y Enfermedades No Trasmisibles, de la Coordinación General de Vigilancia Sanitaria de la Secretaría Municipal de Salud de Porto Alegre. Las variables analizadas fueron: año de notificación, edad, sexo, color, si tiene discapacidad, lugar de ocurrencia, reincidencia, tipo de violencia, sexo del agresor y derivaciones. Se reportaron 8.394 casos de violencia, entre los años reportados, la mayor prevalencia ocurrió en 2019 con el 42,68%. El 30,34% de las notificaciones se refería a niños, el 22,81% a adolescentes, el 40,65% a mujeres, y el 6,18% a ancianos. Hubo un predominio de casos en el color blanco (72,49%), el tipo de violencia más prevalente fue el intento de suicidio (29,96%), y el lugar de ocurrencia fue en el propio domicilio (71,63%). Se puede concluir que las denuncias de violencia por parte de niños, adolescentes, mujeres y ancianos de la ciudad de Porto Alegre tuvieron un incremento entre los años 2017 y 2019.

Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as a strategy to improve annatto (Bixa orellana L. ) growth

This study aimed to assess the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in annatto (Bixa orellana L.) cultivars and their response to AMF inoculation using biometric parameters. The occurrence surveys were conducted in annatto fields in three municipalities from Pernambuco Forest Zone: Lagoa de Itaenga, Gloria de Goitá, and Vitoria de Santo Antão, and in four cultivars (Red Piave, Green Piave, Red Peruvian Paulista, and Green Peruvian Paulista). In a greenhouse, biometric parameters of annatto seedlings of Red Piave, Red Peruvian Paulista, Embrapa-36, and Embrapa-37 cultivars inoculated with AMF isolated from annatto fields. The Red Piave cultivar exhibited greater root colonization than the Green Peruvian Paulista in the Lagoa de Itaenga and Vitoria de Santo Antão municipalities. The cultivar Red Piave showed a more beneficial association with AMF in plants and soil than cultivar Green Peruvian Paulista did, in both Lagoa de Itaenga and Vitoria de Santo Antão. AMF inoculation was effective in promoting the growth of annatto plants, particularly those inoculants with S. heterogama and C. etunicatum.

Covid-19 y la odontología latinoamericana para pacientes con necesidades especiales / Covid-19 and latin american dentistry for patients with special needs / Covid-19 and dental care for patients with special needs in Latin America

Resumen La región de América Latina se ha convertido en la más afectada del mundo por la pandemia del COVID-19. Y personas con necesidades especiales, población ya vulnerable, están sufriendo un impacto significativo de la crisis actual. Dado que estas personas no pueden dejar de ser protegidas y cuidadas, un grupo de profesores de 10 países de América Latina se reunió para analizar la situación de la odontología para pacientes con necesidades especiales en la región. En todos los países, se evidenció que el confinamiento y las restricciones de desplazamiento están interrumpiendo el acceso a bienes y servicios esenciales para ellos. En cuanto a la odontología, la disposición general es posponer los procedimientos de rutina, a menos que sean clínicamente urgentes o de emergencia; adoptar estrictas medidas de protección personal y evitar o minimizar las intervenciones que puedan producir aerosoles. La atención odontológica remota, teleodontología, se considera como una herramienta fundamental en este momento, ya que permite evaluar la necesidad de atención presencial y ofrecer soporte, información y seguridad a los pacientes y familias. La pandemia nos ha demostrado, a todos, que impulsar la Promoción de la Salud es el verdadero camino, y que no debemos esperar a que se presenten condiciones que afecten la calidad de vida.

Resumo: A região da América Latina tem se tornado a mais afetada do mundo pela pandemia do COVID-19. E as pessoas com necessidades especiais, população já vulnerável, estão sofrendo um impacto significativo da crise atual. Uma vez que essas pessoas não podem deixar de ser protegidas e cuidadas, um grupo de professores de 10 países de América Latina se reuniu para analisar a situação da odontologia para pacientes com necessidades especiais na região. Em todos os países se verificaram que o confinamento e restrições de movimento estavam interrompendo o acesso a bens e serviços essenciais para eles. Para a odontologia, a orientação geral é adiar procedimentos de rotina, a menos que seja clinicamente urgente ou emergencial; adotar medidas rígidas de proteção individual e evitar ou minimizar intervenções que possam produzir aerossóis. O atendimento odontológico à distância, teleodontología, é considerada uma ferramenta fundamental neste momento, pois permite avaliar a necessidade de atendimento presencial e oferecer suporte, informação e segurança aos pacientes e famílias. A pandemia tem demostrado, para todos, que trabalhar na Promoção da Saúde é o verdadeiro caminho, e que não devemos esperar por condições que afetem a qualidade de vida.

Abstract Latin America has become the most affected region by the COVID-19 pandemic in the world. People with special needs-an already vulnerable population-are suffering terrible consequences on account of this crisis. These people need to be protected and cared for at all times. Therefore, a group of lecturers from ten Latin American countries came together to analyze the regional situation of dental care for patients with special needs. Every country shows evidence that lockdowns and movement restrictions interrupt these people's access to essential goods and services. The general course of action regarding dental care is to postpone routine procedures unless they are clinically urgent or an emergency, implement strict personal protection measures and avoid or minimize processes that may produce aerosols. Remote dental care is considered essential these days since it allows practitioners to assess the need for face-to-face care and offer support, information, and safety to patients and families. The pandemic has shown us all that supporting health promotion is the true path and that we should not wait until conditions that affect people's quality of life appear to act.

Seed size influences the promoting activity of rhizobia on plant growth, nodulation and N fixation in lima bean / O tamanho da semente influencia a atividade promotora dos rizóbios sobre o crescimento de plantas, nodulação e fixação de N em feijão-fava

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the activity of rhizobia isolates inoculated in large (18 mm) and small (11 mm) seeds on lima bean growth, nodulation and N fixation. Selected rhizobia isolates were compared with a reference strain CIAT899 and two controls without inoculation. Large seeds contributed for highest plant growth, nodulation and N fixation than small seeds. The isolates UFPI-59, UFPI-18 and UFPI-38 promoted the highest values of shoot and root dry weight, respectively. The isolates UFPI-32 promoted the highest values of nodule number, while UFPI-59 promoted the highest values of nodule dry weight. The isolates UFPI-38 and UFPI-59 promoted the highest accumulation of N. This study showed that seed size really influences lima bean growth, nodulation and BNF. Considering rhizobia isolates, UFPI-59, UFPI-38, and UFPI-18 contributed for plant growth, promoted better nodulation and effectiveness on biological N fixation.

RESUMO: Este estudo avaliou a atividade de isolados de rizóbios inoculados em sementes pequenas (11 mm) e grandes (18 mm) sobre o crescimento, nodulação e fixação de N de feijão-fava. Isolados selecionados de rizóbios foram comparados com uma estirpe de referência CIAT899 e dois controles sem inoculação. Sementes grandes contribuíram para maior crescimento de plantas, nodulação e fixação de N do que sementes pequenas. Os isolados UFPI-59, UFPI-18 e UFPI-38 promoveram os maiores valores de massa seca de parte aérea e raízes. Os isolados UFPI-32 e UFPI-59 promoveram os maiores valores de número e massa de nódulos, respectivamente. Os isolados UFPI-38 e UFPI-59 promoveram maior acúmulo de N. Este estudo mostrou que o tamanho de sementes influencia o crescimento, nodulação e fixação de N em feijão-fava. Considerando os isolados de rizóbios, UFPI-59, UFPI-38 e UFPI-18 contribuíram para o crescimento de plantas, promoveram melhor nodulação e eficiência na fixação de N.

Evaluation of six years of dental referrals from the pediatric inpatient area of Hospital Criança Conceição in Porto Alegre, Brazil / Evaluación de seis años de interconsultas odontológicas provenientes del área de internación pediátrica del Hospital Criança Conceição de Porto Alegre, Brasil

Abstract Introduction: this study aimed to describe the profile of the referrals sent to the hospital dentistry team from patients in Hospital Criança Conceição in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from January 2012 to July 2018. Methods: a descriptive, retrospective study was conducted, evaluating 193 electronic dental records to extract the following data: patient's sex and age, description of the referral made by other health professionals and the dentist's behavior in solving the presented problem. Results: 61.6% of patients were male and the mean age of all patients was 10.5 years. Most dental referrals came from the oncohematology area (75.12%) and the predominant reason was pre- and post-chemotherapy patients' dental care (40.4%). The diagnosis most commonly found by dentists was mucositis (17.6%) and caries (16%). There was absence of oral diseases in 23.8% of cases. The interventions most commonly performed by the hospital dentistry team were laser therapy (57.5%) and oral hygiene instructions (49.1%) in the hospital setting, while procedures in dental offices and surgical rooms included exodontias (27.7%) and restorations (11.7%). Conclusions: the profile of referrals sent to the hospital dentistry team from patients hospitalized in the Hospital Criança Conceição in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, is inadequate, since there was a lack of transdisciplinary management including dental care, in addition to poor use of information technology resources and lack of more objective medical records for easy retrieval of patient health information.

Resumen Introducción: este estudio pretende describir el perfil de las interconsultas enviadas al equipo de odontología hospitalaria provenientes de pacientes internados en el Hospital Criança Conceição de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, en el período de enero de 2012 a julio de 2018. Métodos: estudio descriptive retrospectivo en el que se evaluaron 193 historias clínicas odontológicas electrónicas para extraer los siguientes datos: sexo y edad del paciente, descripción de la interconsulta realizada por otros profesionales de salud y conducta del cirujano dentista frente al problema presentado. Resultados: el 61,6% de los pacientes fue de sexo masculino y la edad promedio general fue 10,5 años. Las interconsultas más solicitadas para los cirujanos dentistas fueron provenientes del área de oncohematología (75,12%) y el motivo predominante fue sobre el cuidado bucal a pacientes pre y posquimioterapia (40,4%). El diagnóstico que más encontraron los dentistas fue mucositis (17,6%) y lesiones de caries (16%). Hubo ausencia de enfermedades bucales en 23,8% de los casos. Las intervenciones más realizadas por el equipo de odontología fueron aplicaciones de laserterapia (57,5%) y orientaciones de higiene bucal (49,1%) en ámbito hospitalario; en sillón dental y sala quirúrgica, fueron exodoncias (27,7%) y restauraciones (11,7%). Conclusiones: el perfil de las interconsultas enviadas al equipo de odontología hospitalaria provenientes de pacientes internados en el Hospital Criança Conceição de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, es inadecuado, pues se demostró falta de manejo transdisciplinar que incluya odontología, además de la necesidad de un mejor aprovechamiento de los recursos de tecnología de información e historias clínicas más objetivas y que permitan obtener más fácilmente la información de salud de los pacientes.

El papel de la universidad pública en la salud bucal de poblaciones excluidas / The public university role on excluded populations' oral health

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Survival and Associated Risk Factors of Atraumatic Restorative Treatment Restorations in Children with Early Childhood Caries.

Purpose: To assess the survival and risk factors associated with the failure of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) restorations placed in children with early child-hood caries (ECC).
Methods: The sample consisted of 286 restorations from the records of 137 children treated in a university dental clinic. The date of restoration placement, any reintervention (failure), and the patient's last checkup were recorded. Restoration longevity up to one year of follow-up was assessed via the Kaplan-Meier survival test. Multi-variate Cox regression analysis with shared frailty was used to evaluate the factors associated with failures (P <0.05).
Results: The mean age of the children was 2.3±0.6 years, presenting a decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) mean of 6.3±3.2. Mean survival time was 11.1 months (95 percent confidence interval = 10.8 to 11.4), with 85 percent of the restorations surviving after one year. Caries experience was associated with risk of restoration failure in crude analysis. ART restorations done in children with high caries experience had 2.71 times more risk of failure than those placed in children with moderate caries experience (P=0.03). However, the association lost its significance in the adjusted model (P=0.07).
Conclusion: ART is a patient-friendly approach to manage ECC that promotes satisfactory restoration survival after one year.

Atención odontológica a paciente pediatrico con neurofibromatosis tipo 1: relato de caso clínico / Atendimento odontológico de uma criança com neurofibromatose tipo 1: relato de caso clínico / Dental care for a pediatric patient with neurofibromatosis type 1: a clinical case report

Resumen Este relato de caso clínico presenta a una niña de 7 años de edad, con diagnóstico de neurofibromatosis tipo 1, que fue atendida en la clínica de Odontología para Pacientes con Necesidades Especiales de la Facultad de Odontología de la UFRGS. Al examen físico se observó neurofibroma plexiforme que afectaba el párpado superior del ojo derecho, que causaba ptosis, pérdida de visión y asimetría facial. Además, manchas color café con leche y pecas en la piel. Al examen clínico bucal, se observó atresia de la arcada dentaria superior, lesiones de caries dental activas y presencia generalizada de biopelicula microbiana sobre las superfícies dentárias y sangrado gingival. Fueron realizados todos los tratamientos odontológicos necesarios para la paciente, con los cuidados pertinentes. Concluímos que es de extrema importancia que los cirujanos dentistas cuenten con conocimiento sobre la neurofibromatosis y estén preparados para formar parte de equipos transdisciplinarios en salud.

Resumo Este caso clínico apresenta uma menina de 7 anos de idade, com diagnóstico de neurofibromatose tipo 1, que foi levada à clínica de Pacientes com Necessidades Especiais do Hospital de Ensino Odontológico da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFRGS. Ao exame físico, observou-se que ela apresentava neurofibroma plexiforme acometendo a pálpebra superior do olho direito, provocando ptose, perda da visão e assimetria facial. Também apresentava manchas cor de café com leite e efélides na pele. Ao exame clínico da cavidade bucal, observou-se atresia maxilar, lesões de cárie ativas e presença generalizada de biofilme e sangramento gengival. Foram realizados os tratamentos odontológicos necessários para a paciente, com os devidos cuidados. Concluímos que é de extrema importância o conhecimento da NF1 por parte dos odontólogos e trabalhar com equipe transdisciplinar.

Abstract This clinical case report presents a 7-year-old girl diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 1 and treated at the Dental Clinic for Patients with Special Needs of the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. The physical examination revealed a plexiform neurofibroma involving the right upper eyelid and causing ptosis, vision loss, and facial asymmetry. It also showed café-au-lait spots and freckles on the skin. The oral clinical examination showed atresia of the upper dental arch, active dental caries lesions, generalized microbial biofilm on dental surfaces, and gingival bleeding. All the necessary dental treatments were provided with the appropriate care. Dental surgeons need to have knowledge of neurofibromatosis and be prepared to participate in transdisciplinary health teams.

Oral Health Access and Early Caries in Childhood in a Primary Care Service in Southern Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of early childhood caries and its association with Child's Programmatic Action dental visits in a Primary Care Service. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out at the Health Centers of the Grupo HospitalarConceição Community Health Service in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Mothers answered a questionnaire containing socioeconomic data, eating habits and oral care of their children. Caries examination was performed by two examiners calibrated using WHO criteria. Results: Eighty-one children with mean age of 58.8 (SD=4.8) months were evaluated, 58% were male. Caries prevalence was 43%, with mean dmft = 1.7 and mean dmfs = 3.09. In the multivariate analysis, there was a statistically significant association of caries with maternal schooling (PR=1.31, 95%CI=1.06-1.62, p=0.012), family income (PR=0.93, 95% CI=0.90-0.97, p<0.001), adequacy of the number of childcare visits (PR=0.68, 95%CI=0.54-0.86, p=0.001) and number of visits to the dentist (PR=1.04, 95%CI=1.01-1.06, p=0.001). Conclusion: Ensuring access to childcare and early dental consultation, while the family context is disregarded, does not seem to be enough to reduce caries. It is necessary to think of non-conventional oral health promotion strategies in Primary Health Care taking into account the territory and social determinants since changes to eating and oral hygiene habits and behaviors are still a challenge to the control of childhood caries.

Sugarcane inoculated with endophytic diazotrophic bacteria: effects on yield, biological nitrogen fixation and industrial characteristics.

The growing need for the use of clean energy has led society to seek alternatives to fossil fuels in order to less pollute the environment. Sugarcane has been known to produce enough biomass and to have associative microorganisms, such as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), which have the potential to improve the yield of crops. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency and the isotopic dilution of 15N of microbial inoculants containing endophytic diazotrophic bacteria, individually inoculated and in mixture, on productivity, technological quality and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) of sugarcane variety RB92579. The experiment was conducted for three consecutive years, comprising different crop cycles, in a completely randomized block design with four replications. The evaluations were at 11 months after planting for plant-cane, and at 12 months after cutting for ratoon cane and second ratoon cane. The contribution of BNF by 15N natural abundance technique to inoculated treatments ranged from 18% to 57.31%. This study showed that no strain promoted the improvement on yield and biological nitrogen fixation during the three cycles of sugarcane (plant-cane, ratoon cane and second ratoon cane). However, industrial characteristics of sugar cane can be affectd by PGPB inoculation.

Access to oral health in early childhood in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. / Acesso à saúde bucal na primeira infância no município de Porto Alegre, Brasil.

The goal was to assess the access and factors connected to dental visits in children up to age five in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 Basic Health Units through a questionnaire and clinical examination on 560 children. Clinical (visible plaque, gingival bleeding and defs), socio-demographic, and visit access variables were assessed. Poisson Regression was used to calculate the Prevalence Ratios (PR), with a 95% confidence interval. Results showed that 68.2% of children had never gone to a dentist. The main reason reported for not visiting a dentist was not feeling the need (48.7%) and difficult access to a health clinic (15.8%). The purpose of going to the dentist was for prevention/revision (55.8%), and the most sought-after places for visits were the private office (43.9%) and health clinic (39.5%). The final multivariate model showed that age of the child (95%CI, PR = 1.03 (1.02-1.05)), household income (PR = 1.05; (1.01-1.08)), and the mother having completed high school (PR = 1.69 (1.15-2.56)) were associated with seeking dental consultation. Thus, it is crucial to recognize the importance of the family setting during the first years of life.

O objetivo foi avaliar o acesso e fatores associados à consulta odontológica em crianças de até 5 anos no município de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Estudo transversal realizado em 10 Unidades Básicas de Saúde, através de questionário e exame clínico em 560 crianças. Foram avaliadas variáveis clínicas (placa visível, sangramento gengival e ceo-s), sociodemográficas, e de acesso à consulta. Regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para cálculo de Razões de Prevalência (RP), com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Os resultados mostraram que 68,2% das crianças nunca haviam ido ao dentista. O principal motivo relatado para a não realização de consulta odontológica foi não ter sentido necessidade (48,7%) e dificuldade de acesso ao posto de saúde (15,8%). A procura pelo dentista teve como propósito a prevenção/revisão (55,8%) e os locais mais procurados para consultas foi o consultório particular (43,9%) e o posto de saúde (39,5%). O modelo multivariado final mostrou que a idade da criança (IC95%, RP = 1,03 (1,02-1,05)), a renda familiar (RP = 1,05; (1,01-1,08)) e a mãe ter concluído o ensino médio (RP = 1,69 (1,15-2,56)) estiveram associados com a procura por consulta odontológica. Assim, torna-se fundamental reconhecer a importância do contexto familiar durante os primeiros anos de vida.

Acesso à saúde bucal na primeira infância no município de Porto Alegre, Brasil / Access to oral health in early childhood in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil

Resumo O objetivo foi avaliar o acesso e fatores associados à consulta odontológica em crianças de até 5 anos no município de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Estudo transversal realizado em 10 Unidades Básicas de Saúde, através de questionário e exame clínico em 560 crianças. Foram avaliadas variáveis clínicas (placa visível, sangramento gengival e ceo-s), sociodemográficas, e de acesso à consulta. Regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para cálculo de Razões de Prevalência (RP), com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Os resultados mostraram que 68,2% das crianças nunca haviam ido ao dentista. O principal motivo relatado para a não realização de consulta odontológica foi não ter sentido necessidade (48,7%) e dificuldade de acesso ao posto de saúde (15,8%). A procura pelo dentista teve como propósito a prevenção/revisão (55,8%) e os locais mais procurados para consultas foi o consultório particular (43,9%) e o posto de saúde (39,5%). O modelo multivariado final mostrou que a idade da criança (IC95%, RP = 1,03 (1,02-1,05)), a renda familiar (RP = 1,05; (1,01-1,08)) e a mãe ter concluído o ensino médio (RP = 1,69 (1,15-2,56)) estiveram associados com a procura por consulta odontológica. Assim, torna-se fundamental reconhecer a importância do contexto familiar durante os primeiros anos de vida.

Abstract The goal was to assess the access and factors connected to dental visits in children up to age five in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 Basic Health Units through a questionnaire and clinical examination on 560 children. Clinical (visible plaque, gingival bleeding and defs), socio-demographic, and visit access variables were assessed. Poisson Regression was used to calculate the Prevalence Ratios (PR), with a 95% confidence interval. Results showed that 68.2% of children had never gone to a dentist. The main reason reported for not visiting a dentist was not feeling the need (48.7%) and difficult access to a health clinic (15.8%). The purpose of going to the dentist was for prevention/revision (55.8%), and the most sought-after places for visits were the private office (43.9%) and health clinic (39.5%). The final multivariate model showed that age of the child (95%CI, PR = 1.03 (1.02-1.05)), household income (PR = 1.05; (1.01-1.08)), and the mother having completed high school (PR = 1.69 (1.15-2.56)) were associated with seeking dental consultation. Thus, it is crucial to recognize the importance of the family setting during the first years of life.

Atraumatic restorative treatment-ART in early childhood caries in babies: 4 years of randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) performed 4 years ago in babies suffering from early childhood caries (ECC), and to compare the clinical performance of ART atraumatic restorations performed with two different high-viscosity glass ionomer cements (GIC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a longitudinal follow-up of a randomized, double-blind, split-mouth-type clinical trial. The initial sample was composed of 100 deciduous molars with occlusal lesions in 25 children with ages between 18 and 36 months who received ART with two different GICs: Ketac Molar Easymix® (3 M ESPE) and Vitro Molar® (DFL). The clinical assessments were performed by a trained, blind examiner gauged by the parameters assessed in 1, 2, and 4 years (ART and USPHS criteria). RESULTS: For the analysis of the clinical performance of ARTs between the different GICs, the chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were applied (p < 0.05). In the 4 years of evaluation, the sample was composed by 76 ARTs and 19 children, with 94.7% of the treatments having inactivated the cavity process. The total success percentage of the ARTs was 94%, 87.5%, and 82.9%, in 1, 2, and 4 years of follow-up, respectively. Moreover, among the GICs studied, this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05) ( ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03756025). CONCLUSION: ART was effective in handling ECC, with an excellent clinical performance of ART restorations, for both GICs, during the 4 years of follow-up. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: ART, with both GIC studied, is an alternative therapy for ECC.