[Provision of personalized acoustic protection of aviation specialists (practical aspects)].

In the article observed the issues of individual protection of aviation technical personnel from the noise generated by military aircrafts. It is shown that modern innovative materials and technologies allow carrying out scientifically based selection of perspective acoustic protection means for aviation personnel. Conducted analysis has shown that specially designed aviation PPE are comparable by acoustic effectiveness with foreign analogs. The necessity of taking into account of personal psycho-physiological features in the process of designing, building and testing of PPE has been proved. Stress-protective function of acoustic protective equipment has been proved in experiments with aviation specialists. Discussing prospective investigation directions in the field of noise protection. One of them is the establishment of persons register (flight and technician personnel) working in acoustically adverse conditions as the basis for occupational risks management.

Professional reliability of military pilots: medical and social-psychological aspects.

Presented based on previously performed by the authors the following analysis of the medical, social and psychological aspects of the pilot professional reliability. The scheme of interaction of its structural and functional components is developed, set their coefficients of importance. It is shown that to conform with the requirements of the profession of flight cooperation, social and psychological components of professional reliability of pilots need a set of measures on formation of their professionally important qualities.

[Development of a methodology of for medical-flight examination of flight personnel under condition of hospital].

Development of a methodology of for medical-flight examination of flight personnel under condition of hospital. When performing an experimental study of ways of improvement of hyperbaric ascent involving 95 servicemen,of special contingent determined lack of ascent security of flight crews to altitudes up to 6500 meters due to the large percentage (10%) of revealed reduced hypoxia tolerance of mild and moderate level in military personnel and potentially high risk of high-altitude decompression disease without a preparatory desaturation. The experimental testing of 5 minutes ascent technique for 5000 m and 6000 m is performed, justified criteria of hypobaric hypoxia tolerance of mild and moderate level during the examination of health state of 589 aircrew personnel (including personnel with approved diagnoses) in hyperbaric chamber in relation to hospital conditions. It is experimentally shown that the method of the survey in the chamber on hypoxia tolerance of mild and moderate level in the ascent to the height of 5000 m and 6000 m is an effective mean of determining the functional state and reserve capacity of the organism to identify hidden forms of human diseases and can be used for medical-flight examination of flight personnel in a hospital.

[Hypobaric chamber as a test of the aircrew of Russain Air Forces].

Authors research clinical medical importance of hypobaric ascends to an attitude of 5000 meters for 20 minutes for detection of latent forms of diseases and assessment of professional health and ascends to an attitude of 5000 and 6000 meters for 5 minutes when performing psychophysiological training for high altitude flying. According to test of 1326 pilots of Russian Air Forces, including pilots with different diseases, hypobaric ascends showed high diagnostic effectiveness for the professional health assessment. By using of both methods it was revealed that frequency of detection of decreased tolerance to hypoxia is the same (in average in 2,7 and 3,1% of total number of patients). By ascends in 38 patients (2,9%) was revealed decreased tolerance to hypoxia of medium level. It indicated about low functional state and space capacity of pilots. It was proved that hypobaric ascends of 5000 and 6000 meters for 5 minutes could be considered as an effective method of checkup of aircrew for the aviation physical examination.

[The textile materials containing chitosan and proteolytic complex from hepatopancreas of the crab, for the medical purposes].

Positively charged carriers were synthesized on the basis of the cellulose, oxidized cellulose and chitosan; they were used for immobilization of the proteolytic complex from crab hepatopancreas (CHP). Optimum conditions, a method of updating and a degree of updating of the textile carrier for immobilizations at which practically does not occur inactivation the CHP in process immobilizations were found. Under optimal conditions inactivation kinetics during storage of CHP immobilized on the textile carriers was similar to the inactivation kinetics of immobilized pancreatic trypsin. Experiments on rats have shown, that employment of a new material accelerated wound healing process.

[Antioxidant activity of inhibitors of free radical reactions in the dressing materials for wound healing].

Antioxidant activity (AA) of inhibitors of free radical reactions (FRR) (dieton, mexidol, trypsin), aplied to the dressing material for wound healing was studied. In our work we used a model system containing suspension of laminated liposome, formed from fraction of total chicken yolk phospholipids. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) of liposome membranes was initiated by addition of Fe2+ ions. The kinetics of FRR was followed by coumarine-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL). It was found that AA of the inhibitors was determined by their ability to intersept aqueous and hydrofobic free radicals and chelate Fe2+ ions. Their ability to intersept radicals reduced in the following order: dieton > trypsin > mexidol. In addition we discovered unknown ability of mexidol to interact with Fe2+, that resulted in elemination of FRR catalyst. Investigating AA of the FRR inhibitors in the two-components mixture, consisting of dieton and mexidol, we observed the effect of multifunctionality: dieton, increased the duration of latent period of CL by intersepting lipid peroxyl radicals, while mexidol, decreased its value by interacting with Fe2+, i.e. mexidol masked the action of dieton. Investigating AA of two-components mixture, consisting of mexidol and trypsine, we observed the same effect of multifunctionality. In the two-component mixture, consisting of trypsine and dieton, the action of the inhibitors was found to be synergistic. All antioxidant properties of these FRR inhibitors were also preserved in the three component mixture. Hence, mixture components, dieton, mexidol and trypsin, possess high AA, that validates their use in dressing materials employed for wound healing.

[Efficacy of nondrug correction of hypertension in general medical practice]. / Effektivnost' nemedikamentoznoi korrektsii arterial'noi gipertenzii v obshchei vrachebnoi praktike.

Effectiveness of nondrug correction of elevated blood pressure was assessed in a group of hypertensives selected from participants of a study of prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors conducted in one of Saint Petersburg districts. Patients were divided into 3 subgroups in which the following interventions were used: diet with decreased sodium content, aerobic physical exercise, or combination of these methods. Blood pressure lowering achieved with these methods (-11 mm Hg systolic and -6.8 mm Hg diastolic) was maintained throughout 2 years of observation.

[Use of automated information systems Oncoregistry and Specialist-Oncologist in establishing cancer registry of the Leningrad region]. / Primenenie avtomatizirovannykh informatsionnykh sistem "Onkoregistr" i "Spetsialist-onkolog" dlia sozdaniia kantser-registra Leningradskoi oblasti.

The paper describes the basic features and structure of a cancer register (CR) of the Informational Analytical Service System which can perform a package of interrelated functions to record and analyze an oncological condition, the status of anticancer struggle and the achieved level of specialized care for those who have fallen ill. CR is a fully independent structure of medical application wherein informational provision occupies the dominant position. The basic function of CR is also given in the paper. In Saint Petersburg and in the Leningrad Region there are all necessary conditions for successful CR operation. The basic software support of CR represents the automatic informational systems (AIS): Oncoregister AIS and Specialist-Oncologist AIS. The block diagram of these AISs and their informational communication are presented in this paper.

[Effectiveness of local in vivo application of bleomycetin (bleomycin), chemosorbed on ion exchange medical gauze]. / Effektivnost' lokal'nogo primeneniia in vivo bleomitsetina (bleomitsina), khemosorbirovannogo na ionoobmennoi meditsinskoi marle.

Possible local application of a new dosage form of bleomycetin (bleomycin) with the prolonged action was studied in experimental in vivo models. When the ion exchange textile polymer with the immobilized bleomycetin was implanted subcutaneously to tumor-bearing mice, there was observed marked inhibition of the growth of the following tumors: lung carcinomatosis (LLC), melanoma B-16 and lympholeukemia (NK/Ly). The implants proved to be less toxic by comparison to bleomycetin solutions. The new bleomycetin dosage form is useful as a new delivery system increasing the antibiotic selective action.

[The effect of the amount of dialdehyde cellulose-bound enzyme on the activity of immobilized trypsin after gamma irradiation and in the storage process]. / Vliianie kolichestva sviazannogo s dial'degidtselliulozoi fermenta na aktivnost' immobilizovannogo tripsina posle gamma-oblucheniia i v protsesse khraneniia.

It is found the complex effect of the bound enzyme concentration on the proteolytic activity of trypsin immobilized to dialdehydecellulose (preriodate oxidation) after gamma irradiation and in process of storage. It is shown the occurrence of three stages of immobilized enzyme inactivation in process of immobilization and storage. The velocity of inactivation did not depend on bound trypsin concentration. The ratio of proteolytic activity of samples before and after gamma irradiation was increased with the increase of immobilized to carrier enzyme concentration and was not change (in range of experiment error) in process of storage. The results were compared with that of crystalline trypsin.

[The use of trypsin and lysozyme immobilized on a cellulose carrier in treating otitis externa]. / Primenenie tripsina i lizotsima, immobilizovannykh na tselliuloznom nositele, pri lechenii naruzhnykh otitov.

The authors present a theoretical and practical validation of lysozyme+trypsin therapy for diffuse external otitis. A total of 32 patients were treated by a powder of trypsin immobilized on cellulose carrier as well as lysozyme and trypsin immobilized on gauze turundae. The treatment proved effective against bacterial and fungal external otitis.

[A comparative study of the individual characteristics of the excretion of metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene and its carcinogenic effect in rats]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie individual'nykh osobennostei ékskretsii metabolitov benz(a)pirena i ego kantserogennogo éffekta u krys.

Nineteen outbred LIO rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg benzo(a)pyrene (BP) in sunflower oil. Levels of excretion of a BP activation product 7.8-BP-dihydrodiol and deactivation product 3-hydroxy-BP showed significant individual variations. Half the animals developed intraperitoneal sarcoma at various stages of the experiment. A direct correlation between urine 7.8-BP-dihydrodiol excretion level and tumor latency was established. The value of metabolite excretion level monitoring for making individual prognosis of BP carcinogenic effect is discussed.

[The effect of gamma radiation on the enzyme activity of collalitin during storage]. / Vliianie gamma-oblucheniia na fermentativnuiu aktivnost' kollalitina v protsesse khraneniia.

A study was made of the effect of gamma-irradiation of collalitin samples with doses of 25 and 50 kGy on proteolytic and enzyme activity with respect to denaturated collagen. The enzyme properties were found to change upon storage for periods of 6 and 12 months at 15 degrees C under unsterile conditions. No significant changes in the molecular mass of the collalitin samples were revealed by the method of gell-chromatography after irradiation and storage.

[The action of gamma irradiation on trypsin immobilized on a modified polypropylene textile material]. / Deistvie gamma-oblucheniia na tripsin, immobilizovannyi na modifitsirovannom polipropilenovom tekstil'nom materiale.

In studying the proteolytic activity and ESR spectra of gamma-irradiated samples of trypsin immobilized at an inoculated copolymer of polypropylene with polyacrylic acid it was established that the carrier of a modified polypropylene increases the radioresistance of trypsin immobilized on it.

[The characteristics of the therapeutic measures in stomach cancer (based on data from the All-Union Center for the Study of Treatment Effectiveness in Patients with Malignant Tumors)]. / Kharakteristika lechebnykh meropriiatii pri rake zheludka (po materialam Vsesouiznogo tsentra po izucheniiu éffektivnosti lecheniia bol'nykh so zlokachestvennymi opukholiami).

The paper deals with the analysis of methods used in oncological establishments of the USSR in 1968-1972 and 1974-1980 to treat 19,864 patients with gastric cancer. Stage I or II tumors were identified in 10%, stage III-38 and IV-in 52% of cases. Radical treatment was performed in 34% of hospitalized patients. Surgery remains the most frequent procedure to be used for the treatment of stomach cancer including stage IV. Higher rate of radical treatment can be assured if, on the one hand, fewer patients refuse from operation and, on the other, fewer refusals are justified by concomitant pathology and old age.

[Survival of stomach cancer patients (based on data from the All-Union Center for the Study of Treatment Effectiveness in Patients with Malignant Tumors)]. / Vyzhivaemost' bol'nykh rakom zheludka (po materialam Vsesoiuznogo tsentra po izucheniiu éffektivnosti lecheniia bol'nykh so zlokachestvennymi opukholiami).

The dynamics of survival in gastric cancer patients treated at Soviet hospitals within 1974-1980 is discussed. Total five-year survival in those admitted to hospitals was 11% and relative one--13%; with regards to those discharged from hospitals, these indexes were 12 and 14%, respectively. Radical surgery alone (stages I-II) and in combination with radiotherapy (stage III) proved the most effective. Longer survival was registered in those patients with stage IV tumors who had undergone surgery followed by chemotherapy. On the whole, the effectiveness of treatment of gastric cancer patients admitted to Soviet hospitals was shown to be identical or even higher than in developed European countries and USA.