Healthcare Providers and Caregivers' Perspectives on the Quality of Child Health Services in Urban Indonesia: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Although Indonesia's child mortality rate has decreased in tandem with the global trend, healthcare services can be further improved for children. This study aims to explore the perceptions of healthcare providers and caregivers of children aged below five years to improve child health in urban Indonesia. A mixed-methods study design was adopted. Quantitative data were collected via questionnaires from the caregivers. Qualitative data were collected via semi-structured interviews from the healthcare providers. Analysis of 540 caregiver questionnaires regarding the care provided to their child revealed that the majority of them were very satisfied (46.1%) and satisfied (52.2%) with the care received. Analysis of 12 interviews with healthcare providers derived three major themes: (1) importance of one's role as a healthcare provider; (2) factors affecting the delivery of healthcare; and (3) the way forward in caring for young children. Although caregivers were very satisfied with the care received for their children, the perception of healthcare providers regarding their responsibility in delivering care to children under five years old provides insights into improving the quality of services for children in Indonesia. Our findings suggest that mortality and morbidity of children aged below five years can be best reduced by optimizing primary and secondary preventive measures.

The Relationships between Risky Sexual Practices and Spiritual Intelligence of Adolescents in Indonesia.

Adolescents' health problems are closely related to risky practices, one of which is risky sexual practice. Among others, a factor that is important to prevent risky sexual practices is spiritual intelligence of the adolescents. The study aims to analyze the association between spiritual intelligence and risky sexual practice in adolescents in a junior high school at Curug city of Depok, Indonesia. A quantitative observational analysis with cross-sectional approach was applied. The instrument used to measure the variables of spiritual intelligence was the spiritual intelligence self-report inventory. The variable sexual risky practices was measured with the instrument Sexual Risk Survey (SRS). The study involved 302 adolescents who came from three junior high schools (SMP) selected by stratified random sampling. Pearson test analysis showed a significant negative correlation between spiritual intelligence with sexual risky practices (p = .019; r = -.135). A multivariate analysis using multiple linear regression showed that sex is the most influential variable on sexual risky practices. Based on the findings of the research, there is a need to continuously monitor the stage of adolescent growth especially by improving the spiritual intelligence status, so that spiritually intelligent adolescents can suppress the incidence of sexual risky practices.

Parental Knowledge Influenced the Effectiveness of Therapeutic Sociodramatic Play on Diarrheal Preventive Behavior in School-Age Children.

Healthy and clean living behaviors among school-aged children are still relatively low in Indonesia, exposing them to the risk of experiencing health problems in the future, such as diarrhea. This school-age period is actually the earliest phase in which children can develop healthy behaviors, hence making this phase a strategic target for health improvements. School-aged children are in a period of concrete operational development and they require specific health education methods that can reflect real and interactive experiences. The aim of the study was to determine the most influential factors to effectiveness therapeutic sociodramatic play on diarrheal preventive behaviors among school-aged children (6-12 years). The study design was quasi-experimental with pre- and post-tests, involving 102 school-age children who were divided into an intervention group and control group. Multistage random sampling was used to determine the research area and school where the research was conducted, while the research subject was selected using simple random sampling. The results showed that parental knowledge had a significant effect on therapeutic sociodramatic play improving students' knowledge (p = 0.001), attitudes (p = 0.004), and diarrheal prevention skills (p = 0.003). Therapeutic sociodramatic play will be more effective when followed by good parental knowledge. The study recommends that therapeutic sociodramatic play could be applied in an effort to enhance healthy and clean living behaviors and to prevent diarrhea among school-aged children, and it could be integrated into school nursing services.

Enhancement of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Prevention Behavior With Role Play Among Elementary School Students.

Tuberculosis as an infectious disease is increasing in both the number of cases and severity of impact, and the number of cases among school-aged children is also increasing. Health promotion campaigns in schools have not been intensive, and there is poor behavior in tuberculosis prevention. Role play-playing roles actively with provided materials-is one health education method that can empower school-aged children to understand tuberculosis prevention. The purpose of this research is to identify the influence of role playing on tuberculosis transmission prevention in school-aged children. Study participants were 100 school-aged children. The study used quasi-experimental types of pre-test and post-test, with a control group. The t test results showed that improvement of tuberculosis prevention behaviors in the intervention group was higher than the control group (p value = .000). The role play method is recommended for health education for at least 6 sessions in school-aged children.