Effects of resistance training in humans on neck muscle performance, and electromyogram power spectrum changes.

The purpose of this study was to quantify the neuromuscular cervical adaptations to an 8 week strength training programme. Seven healthy men, with no pathological conditions of the neck, performed a lateral flexion isometric resistance-training programme three times a week. The training sessions consisted of one set of ten contractions, each of 6 s duration, at 60% of the predetermined maximal voluntary isometric torque (MVTim) (warm-up) and two sets of eight contractions, each of 6 s duration, at 80% MVTim. The training effects were evaluated in three ways: muscle size, strength and fatigability. The cross-sectional areas (CSA) of the trapezius (TRP) and sternocleidomastoideus (SCM) muscles were determined using a computerised tomographic scanner. Results showed an increase in the CSA of TRP and SCM muscles after training, 8.8% at C5 level and 6.4% at C7 level for SCM muscle and 12.2% at C7 level for TRP muscle. Strength increased significantly under both isometric and isokinetic conditions (35% and 20%, respectively). Muscle fatigability in lateral flexion was quantified during a sustained isometric contraction at 50% of MVTim. The shift of the mean power frequency of the electromyogram power spectrum density function of SCM muscle toward lower frequencies was less after training (14.6% compared to 6.8%). These results indicate the beneficial effect of a strength-training programme which increases neck muscle size and strength during lateral flexion, and decreases the fatigability of the superficial muscles of the neck.

[Early spinal bone loss in Klinefelter syndrome. X-ray computed tomographic evaluation in 16 cases]. / Ostéopénie rachidienne précoce dans le syndrome de Klinefelter. Evaluation tomodensitométrique lombaire dans seize observations.

The lumbar spine bone density (BMD) was assessed by single energy quantitative tomography in 16 young patients with non traited Klinefelter's syndrome (19 +/- 2.2 yr) and in 16 age weight- and height-matched control males. The BMD were significantly lower in the patients than in the control group (175 +/- 26 mg/cm3 K2HPO4 vs 204 +/- 26; p < 0.02). The authors found a significant correlation between BMD and plasmatic levels of testosterone and estradiol suggesting the hormonal origin of the osteopenia whereas no correlation was found with serum calcium, phosphorus or prolactin levels or hydroxy-proteinuria. Such osteopenia in young patients with Klinefelter's syndrome supports early androgenic treatment of these patients.

[Post-traumatic osteolysis of the distal extremity of the clavicle]. / L'ostéolyse post-traumatique de l'extrémité distale de la clavicule.

Post-traumatic osteolysis of the acromial extremity of the clavicle is a rare condition, usually occurring sometime after an injury to the shoulder. Three cases of PTOAC and one case of athlete's osteolysis are reported. The semiology is summed up, as well as the differential diagnoses and the associated forms. This is a benign disease, which should be suggested by the clinical findings and diagnosed on the radiographs, which demonstrate early signs of osteolysis. The treatment is mainly based on immobilization.

[Bone involvement with osteolytic predominance in systemic mastocytosis. A clinical case]. / Atteinte osseuse à prédominance ostéolytique d'une mastocytose systémique. Cas clinique.

Systemic mast cell disease is a rare condition, in which the frequent involvement of bones is likely to raise diagnostic problems. There are other concomitant visceral involvement as a rule. The skin lesions, if present and recognized, are suggestive. The positive diagnosis of bone lesions can be ensured by biopsy. On the basis of one clinical case, we specify the clinical and radiological appearance of systemic mast cell disease.

[Bone density in differentiated cancer of the thyroid gland treated by hormone-suppressive therapy. Study based on 51 cases]. / La densité osseuse dans le cancer différencié du corps thyroïde traité par opothérapie thyroïdienne freinatrice. Etude à propos de 51 observations.

The effect of L-Thyroxine suppressive therapy (207.3 +/- 46.1 mcg/d) on lumbar spine bone density (BMD) was assessed in 51 patients thyroidectomized for carcinoma since 1 to 19 years (mean = 6 +/- 5.4 years); the bone densities of these patients were compared with those of 51 age sex weight-matched control subjects. Trabecular bone density was evaluated by single energy quantitative tomography. The vertebral BMD was not significantly different between the patients receiving suppressive doses of L-T4 and the control group (162.8 +/- 40.4 vs 162.7 +/- 39.8 mg/cm3). We found no relationship between the duration of L-Thyroxine therapy and BMD. Thus, doses of L-T4 sufficient for suppressing plasma thyroid stimulating hormone but no high enough for causing biochemical thyrotoxicosis have no harmful effect on trabecular bone mineral density.

[Imaging techniques of the breast 1991. 2]. / Techniques d'imagerie du sein en 1991. Deuxième partie.

In a previous paper, the authors described the mammo and echography technics. This paper is about the complementary technics in mammography. Most of this technics are realized the same day, only loading and chirurgical sample radiography are realized in a second time. These technics are: xeromammography, cystography, galactography, loading technic chirurgical sample radiography, digital mammography and RM imaging. The authors give a "decisional way" for a clinical mammography.

[Imaging techniques of the breast in 1991. 1]. / Techniques d'imagerie du sein en 1991. Première partie.

Today, there is an increase in breast radiology practise. To realize good investigations with the lowest X ray dose absorbed, the authors accurate the technical specifications of each unit of the mammograph. They insist on the necessary quality control. They definite the technical mammography practice and the ultrasound technology, as a complementary and often indispensable technology after mammography. The association clinical examination-mammography-ultrasound technology, is performed in upper 97% of breast lesion diagnoses. However, other technologies, as complementaries one are sometimes useful to assure the diagnosis.

[Contribution of scanner in the diagnosis of intestinal infarction]. / Apport du scanner au diagnostic d'infarctus intestinal. A propos de deux observations.

The clinical expression of arterial mesenteric infarction is not always acute and typical. In venous thrombosis, clinical signs of aggravation occur after a long development. So, clinical pictures of bowel infarction use not be suggestive. For these patients, US performances are sometimes subject to doubt and deceptive. Therefore, CT findings are of the highest importance. In two cases, the authors remind us the CT characterization of vascular and intestinal abnormalities.

[Hemangiopericytoma. Apropos of a case]. / Hémangiopéricytome. A propos d'un cas.

Haemangiopericytomas are ubiquitous tumours with an equivocal clinical and radiological expression. They generally have a slow course and the lesions are usually revealed by a non-specific mass effect on adjacent structures. The authors report a case of subcutaneous haemangiopericytoma of the elbow which presented clinically as a vascular malformation. Amongst the various imaging techniques performed, only arteriography defined the vascular nature of the lesion and should have suggested the diagnosis of haemangiopericytoma on the basis of classically described specific signs. Instead of preserving the muscular environment, the surgical resection had to be extensive because of the poorly determined malignant potential of the tumour.

[Pyomyositis in AIDS. Apropos of a case]. / Pyomyosite au cours du SIDA. A propos d'un cas.

Pyomyositis is a purulent infection of skeletal muscle, a rare entity in temperate climates. The disease has been rarely reported in patients with AIDS. Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant organism. This article presents a case of pyomyositis following insertion of a central venous catheter. Imaging techniques (ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance) are useful for diagnosis. The ultrasound-guided aspiration allows isolation of the etiologic agent. The traditional management is medical and surgical.

[Mesenchymal extra-skeletal chondrosarcoma. Apropos of a case]. / Chondrosarcome mésenchymateux extra-squelettique. A propos d'un cas.

The authors report a case of extra-skeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in a 22 year old man. This rare tumour developed along the nerve tracts (nerve roots, sciatic nerve and gluteal nerves) with contiguous involvement of muscles and three different bones (vertebra, sacrum, iliac bone). The nature of the tumour could only be determined by histological examination of a large fragment.

[Sternocostoclavicular osteoarthritis]. / Une ostéoarthrite sterno-costo-claviculaire.

On observation of a case of infectious osteoarthritis which was remarkable both because of its site, the sternoclavicular joint, and of the germ involved, which was Salmonella paratyphi A is reported.

[Shoulder bursitis in rheumatoid polyarthritis]. / Bursite de l'épaule au cours d'une polyarthrite rhumatoïde.

Shoulder bursitis seldom appears in rheumatoid arthritis. It is usually associated with an involvement of the omohumeral joint but it may be isolate and sometimes indicative. The production of foreign bodies is very rare (3 published cases). We report about one observation of subacromiodeltoid bursitis with rice bodies, associated with rheumatoid arthritis following a severe evolution.

[Breast plasmacytoma. Apropos of a case. Review of the literature]. / Le plasmocytome mammaire. A propos d'un cas. Revue de la littérature.

The authors report a new case of a bilateral localisation of a mammary plasmacytoma, as an extension of the multiple myeloma, in a 41-year-old woman. There are 19 cases known. In 2/3 of the cases, the breast localisation was an extension of the multiple myeloma, as the new case reported; the others cases were considered as a solitary plasmacytoma. The authors describe its diagnostic imaging appearance.

[Value of x-ray computed tomography in osteoid osteoma]. / Intérêt de la tomodensitométrie dans les ostéomes ostéoïdes.

Four cases of suspected osteoid osteoma were evaluated by computed tomography (CT). The authors relate the role of CT. As a key diagnostic tool: radionuclide imaging is helpful in directing subsequent CT scans, which allows the study of complex anatomical sites (spine) or the analysis of atypical lesions (invisible nidus, sclerosis or lytic lesions, double nidus...). CT provides the surgeon with the exact location and extent of the lesion, and thus, CT may allow a more limited surgical resection of the involved bone.

[Arteriographic aspects of Buerger's disease. Apropos of 18 cases]. / Aspects artériographiques de la maladie de Buerger. A partir de dix-huit cas.

Arteriosclerosis obliterans occurring in a young man in an impressive clinical presentation which requires a precise diagnosis. There are no clinical, radiological, laboratory or histological signs of Buerger's disease. In arteriography, all of the suggestive negative and positive elements are important and must be well known as the diagnostic orientation large depends on recognition of their association. Arteriography is still the fundamental examination for assessment of the course of the disease.

[Renal hydatid cyst. Contribution of radiology apropos of a case]. / Kyste hydatique rénal. Apport de la radiologie à propos d'un cas.

Hydatid disease, an infestation of gastrointestinal origin, is essentially localized in the two principal filters of the body, the liver and the lung (80% of localizations); 20% correspond to a random distribution (brain, bones, kidneys, etc.). The observation of a new case of rare renal infestation (1 to 5% of all hydatid cysts) constitutes an occasion to review the role of various radiological investigations in this disease. Computed tomography has a role in the diagnosis which is complementary to that of plan abdominal x-rays and ultrasonography. Intravenous pyelography may be performed subsequently. It has an essential role in the systematic investigation of other localizations.