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OBJECTIVES: To quantify the risk of long-term post-radical prostatectomy (RP) erectile dysfunction (ED) in men with diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS: We included men who underwent RP and were followed for ≥ 24 months at our institution; men were excluded if they received androgen deprivation therapy or radiation therapy. Erectile function recovery (EFR) was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Erectile Function Domain (EFD) score pre-RP and serially during follow-up. We performed logistic regression analysis to investigate a potential association between erectile function 24 months post- RP. RESULTS: Of 2,261 men included. 8% were diabetic. Men in the diabetic group tended to present with more vascular comorbidities. For men with DM, the median time from diagnosis was 4 years pre-RP, and the median hemoglobin A1c pre-RP was 6.7%. After 24 months post-RP, EFR was significantly lower among the diabetic group. The median EFD was 7. Men with DM had a lower proportion of functional EFR (17%) and a greater proportion of severe ED (57%). In the univariable logistic regression model to analyze DM diagnosis was a significant predictor of functional EFR (OR 0.43, p<0.001) and severe ED (OR 1.85, p<0.001) 24 months post-RP. Furthermore, this was not observed for a multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS: 24 months after RP, EFR is compromised in individuals with DM.
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BACKGROUND: Vasculogenic erectile dysfunction is the most common type of erectile dysfunction, and penile Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) is a useful tool to assess erectile hemodynamics in the clinician's effort to discuss prognosis and management strategies with the patient. AIM: We herein describe the PDUS protocol used at our center, including indications, technique, and data interpretation. METHODS: We describe our institutional experience with PDUS and discuss it in the context of a contemporary review of the literature for this investigation. OUTCOME: Our institutional PDUS protocol. RESULTS: To perform PDUS properly, adequate training, equipment, setting, technique, and interpretation are critical. The accuracy of PDUS is entirely predicated on achieving complete cavernosal smooth muscle relaxation. A redosing protocol optimizes the reliability and reproducibility of the hemodynamic data acquired during PDUS. A rigidity-based assessment is performed, and patients are scanned according to the erection rigidity achieved (full hardness) or by administration of maximum dose of the vasoactive agent. Peak systolic velocity is considered a measure of arterial inflow (normal, >30 cm/s), while end diastolic velocity evaluates the veno-occlusive mechanism (normal, <5 cm/s). After the procedure, the patient is evaluated to confirm detumescence. If the patient has a persistent penetration rigidity erection, intracavernosal phenylephrine is administered; however, if detumescence is not achieved with intracavernosal phenylephrine injections alone, corporal aspiration is potentially performed. CONCLUSION: PDUS is a valuable minimally invasive tool for erectile hemodynamics assessment and an accurate assessment of such, provided that complete cavernosal smooth muscle relaxation is achieved.
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Pênis , Ultrassonografia Doppler , Humanos , Masculino , Pênis/irrigação sanguínea , Pênis/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia Doppler/métodos , Impotência Vasculogênica/diagnóstico por imagem , Impotência Vasculogênica/fisiopatologia , Disfunção Erétil/diagnóstico por imagem , Disfunção Erétil/tratamento farmacológico , Disfunção Erétil/fisiopatologia , Ereção Peniana/fisiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Susac syndrome (SuS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) present diagnostic challenges due to overlapping clinical features. We aimed to enhance diagnostic precision by developing the SPAMS (SuS, PACNS, MS) score, a practical radiological tool. METHODS: This multicenter study included 99 patients (43 SuS, 37 MS, 19 PACNS) from South American countries. Relevant MRI features were identified through an elastic-net model determined key variables. RESULTS: The SPAMS score assigned 2 points for snowball lesions, 1 point for spokes-like lesions, or if there are more than 4 lesions in the corpus callosum, corpus callosum involvement, or cerebellar involvement. It subtracted 1 point if gadolinium-enhancing lesions or 4 points if Dawson's fingers are present. Bootstrapping validated the optimal cutoff at 2 points, exhibiting a diagnostic performance of area under the curve = 0.931, sensitivity = 88%, specificity = 89%, positive predictive value = 88%, negative predictive value = 89%, and accuracy = 88%. INTERPRETATION: When specific MRI findings coexisted, the SPAMS score differentiated SuS from MS and PACNS. Access to MRI and standard protocol sequences makes it a valuable tool for timely diagnosis and treatment, potentially preventing disability progression and severe clinical outcomes. ANN NEUROL 2024.
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Diverse methodologies exist to determine the chemical composition, proximate analysis, and calorific value of biomass. Researchers select and apply a specific methodology according to the lignocellulosic material they study and the budgetary resources available. In this project, we determined the primary chemical constitution and proximate analysis of Prosopis laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl.) Jonhst wood using a traditional chemical method and a novel procedure based on the deconvolution of the DTG signal produced by TGA. The highest calorific value was verified using a calorimetric pump based on mathematical models. We also conducted elemental analysis and a microanalysis of ash, and applied Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis (FT-IR). The means of the results obtained by the chemical method and TGA-DTG, respectively, were: hemicelluloses 7.36%-(8.72%), cellulose 48.28%-(46.08%), lignin 30.57%-(32.44%), extractables 13.53%-(12.72%), moisture 2.03%-(4.96%), ash 1.77%-(1.90%), volatile matter 75.16%-(74.14%), and fixed carbon 23.05%-(18.93%). The procedure with the calorimetric pump generated a calorific value above 20.16 MJ/kg. The range generated by the various models was 18.23-21.07 MJ/kg. The results of the elemental analysis were: carbon 46.4%, hydrogen 6.79%, oxygen 46.43%, nitrogen 0.3%, and sulfur 0.5%. The microanalysis of ash identified 18 elements. The most abundant ones were potassium Ë calcium Ë sodium. Based on the infrared spectrum (FT-IR) of Prosopis laevigata wood, we detected the following functional groups: OH, C-H, C=O, CH2, CH3, C-O-C, C-OH, and C4-OH. Our conclusion is that the TGA-DTG method made it possible to obtain results in less time with no need for the numerous reagents that chemical procedures require. The calorific value of P. laevigata wood is higher than the standards. Finally, according to our results, proximate analysis provides the best model for calculating calorific value.
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Lignina , Prosopis , Termogravimetria , Madeira , Madeira/química , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier/métodos , Prosopis/química , Lignina/química , Lignina/análise , Biomassa , Celulose/química , Celulose/análise , PolissacarídeosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Racial disparities in diagnosis and treatment are prevalent in child psychiatry, including disparate diagnosis rates of internalizing and externalizing disorders in Black and White children. However, limited research has investigated mechanisms that contribute to these disparities. This study examined child racial implicit associations in psychiatric clinicians and medical students to address this gap. METHOD: Psychiatrists and trainees completed an online survey including 2 race Implicit Association Tests (IATs) pairing child faces to words with either positive or negative valence, and words related to internalizing or externalizing behavioral problems. Psychiatrists and trainees' demographic predictors of implicit associations were also investigated. RESULTS: Data were analyzed from 235 psychiatrists and trainees (112 child and adolescent psychiatrists and fellows) who met inclusion criteria. Psychiatrists and trainees demonstrated greater moderate-to-strong association between Black child faces and "bad" (ie, negatively valenced) words (44.3%) vs "good" (ie, positively valenced) words (6.4%), and between externalizing words (41.7%) vs internalizing words (7.2%). Psychiatrists and trainees' demographic characteristics including being female (ß = -0.12; 95% CI = -0.23 to -0.01; p < .05), Black (ß = -0.36; 95% CI = -0.54 to -0.18; p < .001), or an attending physician (ß = -0.26; 95% CI = -0.45 to -0.06; p = .01) were significant predictors of decreased association between Black child faces and negative valence words. Being female was a significant predictor of decreased association between Black child faces and externalizing words (ß = -0.26; 95% CI = -0.45 to -0.06; p = .01). CONCLUSION: Participating psychiatrists and trainees demonstrated bias toward associating Black rather than White child faces with negative words and externalizing behavioral problems. Future research should examine the following: racial implicit associations in a more generalizable sample; the relationship between race IATs and provider behavior; and interventions to reduce racial inequities in psychiatry, including individual and systemic solutions. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT: We worked to ensure sex and gender balance in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper received support from a program designed to increase minority representation in science.
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Chloride (Cl-) is traditionally categorized as an antagonist of nitrate (NO3-) because Cl- hinders plant NO3- transport and accumulation. However, we have recently defined Cl- as a beneficial macronutrient for higher plants, due to specific functions that lead to more efficient use of water, nitrogen (N) and CO2 under optimal N and water supply. When accumulated in leaves at macronutrient levels, Cl- promotes growth through osmotic, physiological, metabolic, anatomical and cellular changes that improve plant performance under optimal NO3- nutrition. Nitrate over-fertilization in agriculture can adversely affect crop yield and nature, while its deficiency limits plant growth. To study the relationship between Cl- nutrition and NO3- availability, we have characterized different physiological responses such as growth and yield, N-use efficiency, water status, photosynthesis, leaf anatomy, pigments and antioxidants in tomato plants treated with or without 5 mM Cl- salts and increasing NO3- treatments (3-15 mM). First, we have demonstrated that 5 mM Cl- application can reduce the use of NO3- in the nutrient solution by up to half without detriment to plant growth and yield in tomato and other horticultural plants. Second, Cl- application reduced stress symptoms and improved plant growth under low-NO3- conditions. The Cl--dependent resistance to low-N stress resulted from: more efficient use of the available NO3-; improved plant osmotic and water status regulation; improved stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate; and better antioxidant response. We proposed that beneficial Cl- levels increase the crop ability to grow better with lower NO3- requirements and withstand N deficiency, promoting a more sustainable and resilient agriculture.
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Cloretos , Nitratos , Nitrogênio , Folhas de Planta , Solanum lycopersicum , Estresse Fisiológico , Nitratos/metabolismo , Nitratos/farmacologia , Cloretos/metabolismo , Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Solanum lycopersicum/metabolismo , Solanum lycopersicum/efeitos dos fármacos , Solanum lycopersicum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estresse Fisiológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/efeitos dos fármacos , Fotossíntese/efeitos dos fármacos , Água/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismoRESUMO
The competitive colonization of bacteria on similar ecological niches has a significant impact during their establishment. The synthesis speeds of different chemical classes of molecules during early competitive colonization can reduce the number of competitors through metabolic effects. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that Kosakonia cowanii Cp1 previously isolated from the seeds of Capsicum pubescens R. P. produced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during competitive colonization against Pectobacterium aroidearum SM2, affecting soft rot symptoms in serrano chili (Capsicum annuum L.). The pathogen P. aroidearum SM2 was isolated from the fruits of C. annuum var. Serrano with soft rot symptoms. The genome of the SM2 strain carries a 5,037,920 bp chromosome with 51.46% G + C content and 4925 predicted protein-coding genes. It presents 12 genes encoding plant-cell-wall-degrading enzymes (PCDEWs), 139 genes involved in five types of secretion systems, and 16 genes related to invasion motility. Pathogenic essays showed soft rot symptoms in the fruits of C. annuum L., Solanum lycopersicum, and Physalis philadelphica and the tubers of Solanum tuberosum. During the growth phases of K. cowanii Cp1, a mix of VOCs was identified by means of HS-SPME-GC-MS. Of these compounds, 2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine showed bactericidal effects and synergy with acetoin during the competitive colonization of K. cowanii Cp1 to completely reduce soft rot symptoms. This work provides novel evidence grounding a better understanding of bacterial interactions during competitive colonization on plant tissue, where VOC synthesis is essential and has a high potential capacity to control pathogenic microorganisms in agricultural systems.
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Recent research has highlighted the potential of honeybees and bee products as biological samplers for monitoring xenobiotic pollutants. However, the effectiveness of these biological samplers in tracking microplastics (MPs) has not yet been explored. This study evaluates several methods of sampling MPs, using honeybees, pollen, and a novel in-hive passive sampler named the APITrap. The collected samples were characterized using a stereomicroscopy to count and categorise MPs by morphology, colour, and type. To chemical identification, a micro-Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to determine the polymer types. The study was conducted across four consecutive surveillance programmes, in five different apiaries in Denmark. Our findings indicated that APITrap demonstrated better reproducibility, with a lower variation in results of 39%, compared to 111% for honeybee samples and 97% for pollen samples. Furthermore, the use of APITrap has no negative impact on bees and can be easily applied in successive samplings. The average number of MPs detected in the four monitoring studies ranged from 39 to 67 in the APITrap, 6 to 9 in honeybee samples, and 6 to 11 in pollen samples. Fibres were the most frequently found, accounting for an average of 91% of the total MPs detected in the APITrap, and similar values for fragments (5%) and films (4%). The MPs were predominantly coloured black, blue, green and red. Spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of up to five different synthetic polymers. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was the most common in case of fibres and similarly to polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polyamide (PA) in non fibrous MPs. This study, based on citizen science and supported by beekeepers, highlights the potential of MPs to accumulate in beehives. It also shows that the APITrap provides a highly reliable and comprehensive approach for sampling in large-scale monitoring studies.
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Monitoramento Ambiental , Microplásticos , Pólen , Abelhas , Animais , Microplásticos/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Pólen/química , Dinamarca , Poluentes Ambientais/análiseRESUMO
Dengue fever and hepatitis A are endemic infections caused by viruses that mostly affect developing countries (Volchkova et al., 2016). Co-infection is rare, and represents a diagnostic challenge due to their overlapping symptoms (Yakoob et al., 2009). The febrile syndrome accompanied by abdominal pain and vomiting are the common clinical manifestations of both pathologies. However, confirmation of diagnosis depends on laboratory tests ( Khetarpal and Khanna, 2016; Abutaleb and Kottilil, 2020). We report a case of a young female with dengue and hepatitis A co-infection.
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BACKGROUND: Testosterone (T) plays a crucial role in various physiological functions in men, and understanding the variations in T levels during the day is essential for diagnosing and treating testosterone deficiency (TD). AIM: We sought to evaluate the reduction in serum total T (TT) levels throughout the day in men with symptoms of testosterone deficiency and to determine the variables having an impact on the extent of this decline. METHODS: The study population consisted of a group of men who within 3 months of each other had all undergone both early morning and afternoon TT level measurements. We did not include patients with a history of a prior orchiectomy, testosterone levels below 100 ng/dL or above 1000 ng/dL, a history of androgen deprivation therapy, or patients on T therapy. Statistical analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-square tests, and correlation calculations. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure TT, and a change in TT levels greater than 100 ng/dL was considered significant. Using multivariable and univariable analysis, we attempted to define predictors of a decrease in afternoon TT levels. OUTCOMES: The majority of men showed no significant difference in T levels between morning and afternoon. RESULTS: In total, 506 men with a median age of 65 years were analyzed. The most common comorbidities were hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Levels of TT were measured in the morning and afternoon, and no significant differences in mean T levels based on the time of the test were found. Age was not significantly associated with T levels. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: There was a weak negative correlation between age and the difference between morning and afternoon T levels, with younger men showing more significant variations in T levels. The most considerable differences in T levels were observed in men younger than 30 years. There were no predictors of the magnitude of the T decrease in the afternoon. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: Strengths of the study include the number of subjects and the use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for T measurement. Limitations include failure to measure morning and afternoon T levels on the same day, the retrospective nature of the study, and a smaller sample size of patients younger than 30 years. CONCLUSION: In this study we found no strong link between age and daily T fluctuation, but we observed a decrease in the magnitude of variation with aging. The group experiencing the most significant decline in daily T had higher morning and consistently normal afternoon T levels.
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Ritmo Circadiano , Testosterona , Humanos , Masculino , Testosterona/sangue , Testosterona/deficiência , Idoso , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hipogonadismo/sangue , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
The chemical synthesis of complex oligosaccharides relies on efficient and highly reproducible glycosylation reactions. The outcome of a glycosylation is contingent upon several environmental factors, such as temperature, acidity, the presence of residual moisture, as well as the steric, electronic, and conformational aspects of the reactants. Each glycosylation proceeds rapidly and with a high yield within a rather narrow temperature range. For better control over glycosylations and to ensure fast and reliable reactions, a systematic analysis of 18 glycosyl donors revealed the effect of reagent concentration, water content, protecting groups, and structure of the glycosyl donors on the activation temperature. With these insights, we parametrize the first step of the glycosylation reaction to be executed reliably and efficiently.
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Lopezia racemosa is known as a "mosquito flower or perlilla." It is commonly found in corn crops. In traditional Mexican medicine, this plant is used to treat stomach cancer and urinary tract infections. Likewise, compounds and extracts isolated from plants have shown cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the photochemoprotective effect of topical treatment with the methanolic extract of L. racemosa (MELR) as a photochemoprotective agent against the harmful effects of UV irradiation (UVR) on a bacterial model and hairless mice. The MELR components were separated and analyzed via HPLC-UV-ESI-MS. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by the ability of MERL to scavenge DPPH and ABTS free radicals and by its FRAP capacity. The toxicity of MELR was evaluated in keratinocyte cultures. The photoprotective capacity of MELR was assessed through challenge experiments using models with bacteria and hairless CD1 et/et mice; cytokines related to the damage caused by UVR were also measured. In the methanolic extract of L. racemosa, five metabolites were detected and identified: two isomers of quercetin 6-C glycoside, orientin, quercetin 3-(6â³-acetylglycoside) and quercetin 3-(6â³-galloylglycoside) 7-(2,3-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl acetate). MELR exhibited DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging properties, in addition to Fe ion reducing activity. MELR showed a photoprotective effect against UVB radiation-induced death in Escherichia coli bacteria. At the histological level, topical treatment of CD-1 et/et mice with MERL reduced the damage caused by UVR. Quantification of interleukins in the blood of mice revealed that the expression of IL-12 was greater in the control group treated with ultraviolet radiation than in the group protected with MELR. The methanolic extract of L. racemosa has photochemoprotective properties.
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OBJECTIVE: Periodontitis ranks sixth as a type 2 diabetes (T2D) complication. According to its severity, it may cause pain, discomfort and tooth loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of self-reported periodontal status on the Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of people with T2D. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving seventy-nine adults with T2D who visited the Metabolic Syndrome clinic at the Cosío Villegas National Institute of Respiratory Diseases in Mexico City between August and November 2010. The OHRQoL was evaluated with the shortened Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-EE14). Periodontitis was measured by self-report, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). The association between self-reported periodontal status and OHRQoL was evaluated with binomial regression models. RESULTS: Mean age of the participants was 60,4 years (SD=9,6); diabetes duration was 10,1 years (SD=6,6). The OHRQoL was associated with self-perception of bad breath (RR=1,58; p=0,025), self-perception of poor gum health (RR=1,66; p=0,016), dissatisfaction with chewing ability (RR=2,22; p≤0,001), tooth loss due to mobility (RR=1,74; p=0,019), and presence of 20 teeth or less (RR=1,57; p=0,045). CONCLUSIONS: OHRQoL is associated with self-report of bad breath, poor gum health and dissatisfaction with chewing ability in people with T2D, which suggests that self-perceived oral conditions represent signs and symptoms of functional and psychological impairment related to severe periodontitis.
OBJECTIVE: La periodontitis es la sexta complicación de la diabetes tipo 2 (DT2); dependiendo de su severidad puede causar dolor, incomodidad o hasta pérdida dental. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el impacto del estado periodontal autorreportado en la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud Oral (CVRSO) en personas con DT2. METHODS: Se realizó un estudio transversal que incluyó a setenta y nueve adultos con DT2 atendidos en la Clínica de Síndrome Metabólico del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Cosío Villegas en la Ciudad de México, entre agosto y noviembre de 2010. La CVRSO se evaluó con el cuestionario Perfil de Impacto en la Salud Bucal acortado (OHIP-EE14). La periodontitis se evaluó por autorreporte, profundidad al sondeo (PS) y pérdida de inserción clínica (PIC). La asociación entre estado periodontal autorreportado y CVRSO se evaluó con modelos de regresión binomial negativa. RESULTS: La edad promedio fue de 60,4 años (DE=9,6); la duración de diabetes de 10,1 años (DE=6,6). La CVRSO se asoció con la autopercepción de mal aliento (RR=1,58, p=0,025), autopercepción de mala salud de las encías (RR=1,66, p=0,016), insatisfacción de la habilidad para masticar (RR=2,22, p≤0,001), pérdida de algún diente con movilidad previa (RR=1,74, p=0,019) y 20 dientes presentes o menos (RR=1,57, p=0,045). CONCLUSIONS: La CVRSO se asocia con el autorreporte de mal aliento, mala salud de las encías e insatisfacción de la habilidad para masticar en personas con DT2; esto sugiere que las condiciones bucales autopercibidas representan signos y síntomas de deterioro funcional y psicológico relacionados con la periodontitis severa.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Periodontite , Perda de Dente , Adulto , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Autorrelato , Perda de Dente/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , México/epidemiologia , Saúde Bucal , Espanha , Periodontite/complicações , Periodontite/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Structural domains and domain walls, inherent in single crystalline perovskite oxides, can significantly influence the properties of the material and therefore must be considered as a vital part of the design of the epitaxial oxide thin films. We employ 4D-STEM combined with machine learning (ML) to comprehensively characterize domain structures at both high spatial resolution and over a significant spatial extent. Using orthorhombic LaFeO3 as a model system, we explore the application of unsupervised and supervised ML in domain mapping, which demonstrates robustness against experiment uncertainties. The results reveal the consequential formation of multiple domains due to the structural degeneracy when LaFeO3 film is grown on cubic SrTiO3. In situ annealing of the film shows the mechanism of domain coarsening that potentially links to phase transition of LaFeO3 at high temperatures. Moreover, synthesis of LaFeO3 on DyScO3 illustrates that a less symmetric orthorhombic substrate inhibits the formation of domain walls, thereby contributing to the mitigation of structural degeneracy. High fidelity of our approach also highlights the potential for the domain mapping of other complicated materials and thin films.
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Chili powder is an important condiment around the world. However, according to various reports, the presence of pathogenic microorganisms could present a public health risk factor during its consumption. Therefore, microbiological quality assessment is required to understand key microbial functional traits, such as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and bioinformatics analysis were used to characterize the comprehensive profiles of the bacterial community and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in 15 chili powder samples from different regions of Mexico. The initial bacterial load showed aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMB) ranging between 6 × 103 and 7 × 108 CFU/g, sporulated mesophilic bacteria (SMB) from 4.3 × 103 to 2 × 109 CFU/g, and enterobacteria (En) from <100 to 2.3 × 106 CFU/g. The most representative families in the samples were Bacillaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, in which 18 potential pathogen-associated species were detected. In total, the resistome profile in the chili powder contained 68 unique genes, which conferred antibiotic resistance distributed in 13 different classes. Among the main classes of antibiotic resistance genes with a high abundance in almost all the samples were those related to multidrug, tetracycline, beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, and phenicol resistance. Our findings reveal the utility of mNGS in elucidating microbiological quality in chili powder to reduce the public health risks and the spread of potential pathogens with antibiotic resistance mechanisms.
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are defined as subcellular structures limited by a bilayer lipid membrane that function as important intercellular communication by transporting active biomolecules, such as proteins, amino acids, metabolites, and nucleic acids, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). These cargos can effectively be delivered to target cells and induce a highly variable response. LncRNAs are functional RNAs composed of at least 200 nucleotides that do not code for proteins. Nowadays, lncRNAs and circRNAs are known to play crucial roles in many biological processes, including a plethora of diseases including cancer. Growing evidence shows an active presence of lnc- and circRNAs in EVs, generating downstream responses that ultimately affect cancer progression by many mechanisms, including angiogenesis. Moreover, many studies have revealed that some tumor cells promote angiogenesis by secreting EVs, which endothelial cells can take up to induce new vessel formation. In this review, we aim to summarize the bioactive roles of EVs with lnc- and circRNAs as cargo and their effect on cancer angiogenesis. Also, we discuss future clinical strategies for cancer treatment based on current knowledge of circ- and lncRNA-EVs.
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This study aimed to assess the outcome of a bilateral acetabular physeal fracture treated with external fixation in an immature cat, a surgical technique not usually employed in immature patients. The fixator took 40 days, and it was removed after radiographic bone healing was achieved. No significant complications related to the technique were identified, and the outcome was classified as good based on the functional assessment and pain scales employed. The use of external fixation for stabilising acetabular fractures in immature cats should be considered a viable technical option, especially for minimally invasive stabilisation.
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Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), also known as the fall armyworm, is an economically important and widespread polyphagous pest. Microorganisms associated to this insect during life cycle play important ecological roles. We report 3 metagenome-assembled bacterial genomes reconstructed from a metagenome dataset obtained from S. frugiperda larvae F3 3rd-instar reared using artificial diet under laboratory conditions. Genome data for Enterococcus casseliflavus indicated a genome length of 3,659,8333 bp and GC content of 42.54%. Genome data for E. mundtii indicated a genome length of 2,921,701 bp and GC content of 38.37%. Finally, genome data for Lactiplantibacillus plantarum indicated a genome length of 3,298,601 bp, GC content of 44.31%. Genome analysis allowed us to identify genus-specific protein families (PLFams), transporters and antibiotic resistance-related genes among others. DNA sequences were deposited in National Center for Biotechnology Information (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) as Bioproject accession PRJNA899064.
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Herein we utilise automated glycan assembly to complete solid-phase synthesis of defined heparan sulfate oligosaccharides, employing challenging D-glucuronate disaccharide donors. Using an orthogonally protected D-GlcN-α-D-GlcA donor, milligram-scale synthesis of a heparan sulfate tetrasaccharide is completed in 18% yield over five steps. Furthermore, orthogonal protecting groups enabled regiospecific on-resin 6-O-sulfation. This methodology provides an important benchmark for the rapid assembly of biologically relevant heparan sulfate sequences.