Expansion of mammary intraepithelial lymphocytes and intestinal inputs shape T cell dynamics in lactogenesis.

Pregnancy brings about profound changes to the mammary gland in preparation for lactation. Changes in immunocyte populations that accompany this rapid remodeling are incompletely understood. We comprehensively analyzed mammary T cells through all parous stages, revealing a marked increase in CD4+ and CD8+ T effector cells in late pregnancy and lactation. T cell expansion was partly dependent on microbial signals and included an increase in TCRαß+CD8αα+ cells with strong cytotoxic markers, located in the epithelium, that resemble intraepithelial lymphocytes of mucosal tissues. This relationship was substantiated by demonstrating T cell migration from gut to mammary gland in late pregnancy, by TCR clonotypes shared by intestine and mammary tissue in the same mouse, including intriguing gut TCR families. Putative counterparts of CD8αα+ IELs were found in human milk. Mammary T cells are thus poised to manage the transition from a non-mucosal tissue to a mucosal barrier during lactogenesis.

Chemical Composition of Wild Collected and Cultivated Edible Plants (Sonchus oleraceus L. and Sonchus tenerrimus L.).

The present work investigates the nutritional and bioactive composition, as well as the organoleptic and sensory properties, of S. oleraceus and S. tenerrimus, two wild plant species traditionally used in the gastronomy of the Mediterranean area. Additionally, the effect of cultivation on leaf composition was assessed to explore their potential for large-scale production and commercialization from the point of view of possible losses or gains in quality. Both species were characterized as a good source of bioactive compounds, such as vitamins, pro-vitamins and carotenoids, with health-promoting and antioxidant properties that are highly appreciated. The sensory profile revealed a good general acceptance of S. oleraceus and S. tenerrimus, indicating that they could be included in the diet. Although the cultivation of S. oleraceus resulted in a decrease in the concentration of phenolic compounds when compared to wild-harvested plants, the opposite occurred for vitamin C. In S. tenerrimus, cultivation also increased the concentration of other compounds with important nutritional and healthy properties, such as sugars, organic acids and ß-carotene. The results of the composition, organoleptic and sensory properties of S. oleraceus and S. tenerrimus support the idea of their potential to be used as edible leafy vegetables and as promising assets for functional foods.

From non-problematic smartphone use to smartphone addiction: Impulsivity-based profiles. / Del uso no problemático a la adicción al móvil: Perfiles de impulsividad.

Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is an uncontrollable behavior that impedes the ability to stop using it despite potential negative consequences. This excessive behavior has been considered in the research field as a behavioral addiction, as literature has shown common characteristics with behavioral addictions, including its impulsivity-driven factor. However, impulsivity is a multidimensional construct whose specific traits lead differently to each addiction. Hence, the present study aimed to address the different existent PSU profiles depending on their individual impulsivity personality traits. To this end, N = 412 adults (average age 31.91, SD = 11.70, including 108 men and 304 women) were recruited to explore their daily smartphone usage, level of smartphone addiction (SAS-SV) and impulsivity profile across the five impulsivity personality traits (UPPS-P). Cluster analysis revealed the existence of three different profiles: one without PSU; one showing an excessive impulsively but almost no addictive smartphone use, expressing only a loss of control symptomatology; and one showing excessive impulsively but also addictive smartphone patterns, driven mainly by the impulsivity personality traits of negative urgency, positive urgency and lack of premeditation. Therefore, this study showed the impulsivity personality traits that differentiate excessive from addictive smartphone use, which is valuable information for the development of more precise prevention and interventions programs.

El uso problemático del móvil (PSU, por sus siglas en inglés) es un comportamiento incontrolable que dificulta la capacidad para detenerlo, pese a las potenciales consecuencias negativas. Este comportamiento excesivo ha sido considerado en el campo de la investigación como una adicción conductual, ya que la literatura ha demostrado características comunes con otras adicciones conductuales además de que está mediado por la impulsividad. Sin embargo, la impulsividad es un constructo multidimensional cuyas dimensiones específicas se relacionan de modo diferencial con los distintos tipos de adicción. Por consiguiente, el presente estudio pretende explorar los perfiles de uso del móvil dependiendo de las dimensiones de impulsividad. Para ello, se registró el uso diario del móvil, el nivel de adicción al móvil (SAS-SV) y el patrón de impulsividad a través de los cinco rasgos de personalidad impulsiva (UPPS-P) de 412 adultos (con una media de edad de 31,91 años, DT = 11,70, incluyendo 108 hombres y 304 mujeres). El análisis de clúster mostró la existencia de tres tipos de perfiles: uno sin PSU; uno con impulsividad excesiva, pero sin uso adictivo del móvil, presentando solo sintomatología de pérdida de control; y otro con impulsividad excesiva y patrones adictivos al móvil, caracterizados principalmente por los rasgos impulsivos de urgencia negativa, urgencia positiva y falta de premeditación. Por tanto, este estudio muestra las dimensiones de personalidad impulsiva que diferencian un uso excesivo del adictivo al móvil. Esta información es útil para el desarrollo de programas de prevención e intervención mejor adaptados a estos perfiles de comportamiento.

Morbilidad de la t de cobre 380-A en Aprofe de Loja 1994-1995 / Morbidity of the copper T 380-A in APROFE of Loja 1994-95

En el centro de Planificación Familiar de la Asociación Probienestar de la Familia Ecuatoriana (APROFE) de la ciudad de Loja, con el fin de analizar la morbilidad por el uso del dispositivo intrauterino, se estudiaron 1359 mujeres portadoras de la T de cobre tipo A; cada una de las pacientes fueron vigiladas por un período de dos años. La edad más frecuente fue de 21 a 30 años con el 62.84 por ciento. Las pacientes con 3 y 4 hijos se presentaron en el 32.52 por ciento de estado civil casadas con el 97.20 por ciento; intrucción secundaria en el 62.98 por ciento y tiempo total de uso más de un año en el 89.84 por ciento. De los tipos de complicación por el uso de la T de cobre 380-A se encuentra con la vaginitis el 31.19 por ciento, le sigue el dolor pélvico con el 14.42 por ciento, problemas de sangrado uterino el 8.38 por ciento, la cervicitis crónica el 4.04 por ciento, expulsión 4.04 por ciento, embarazo con DIU 1.32 por ciento amenorrea 0,95 por ciento y otras en el 0.95 por ciento como la disuria, polaquiuria, prurito vulvar, dispareunia y malestar general.