Structure Determination of Binuclear Triple-Decker Phthalocyaninato Complexes by NMR via Paramagnetic Shifts Analysis Using Symmetry Peculiarities.

The detailed knowledge about the structure of multinuclear paramagnetic lanthanide complexes for the targeted design of these compounds with special magnetic, sensory, optical and electronic properties is a very important task. At the same time, establishing the structure of such multinuclear paramagnetic lanthanide complexes in solution, using NMR is a difficult task, since several paramagnetic centers act simultaneously on the resulting chemical shift of a particular nucleus. In this paper, we have demonstrated the possibility of molecular structure determination in solution on the example of binuclear triple-decker lanthanide(III) complexes with tetra-15-crown-5-phthalocyanine Ln2[(15C5)4Pc]3 {where Ln = Tb (1) and Dy (2)} by quantitative analysis of the pseudo-contact lanthanide-induced shifts (LIS). The symmetry of complexes was used for the simplification of the calculation of pseudo-contact shifts on the base of the expression for the magnetic susceptibility tensor in the arbitrary oriented magnetic axis system. Good agreement between the calculated and experimental shifts in the 1H NMR spectra indicates the similarity of the structure for the complexes 1 and 2 in solution of CDCl3 and the structure in the crystalline phase, found from the data of the X-ray structural study of the similar complex Lu2[(15C5)4Pc]3. The described approach can be useful for LIS analysis of other polynuclear symmetric lanthanide complexes.

Identification of Antimicrobial Peptides from Novel Lactobacillus fermentum Strain.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are natural antagonistic tools of many bacteria and are considered as attractive antimicrobial agents for the treatment of bacteria with multidrug resistance. Lactic acid bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract of animals and human produce various AMPs inhibiting the growth of pathogens. Here we report the isolation and identification of novel Lactobacillus fermentum strain HF-D1 from the human gut producing AMPs which prevents the growth of P. aeruginosa and S. marcescens. The active fraction of peptides was obtained from the culture liquid by precipitation at 80% saturation of ammonium sulphate. For peptides identification, the precipitate was treated with guanidine hydrochloride to desorb from proteins, separated with ultrafiltration on spin columns with 10,000 MWCO, desalted with a reversed-phase chromatography and subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis. The in silico analysis of the identified 1111 peptides by using ADAM, CAMPR3 and AMPA prediction servers led to identification of the linear peptide with highly probable antimicrobial activity and further investigation of its antibacterial activity mechanism is promising. By using the dereplication algorithm, the peptide highly similar to non-ribosomal cyclic AMPs originally isolated from Staphylococcus epidermidis has been identified. This indicates that L. fermentum HF-D1 represents a novel strain producing antimicrobial peptides targeting P. aeruginosa and S. marcescens.

Consideration of data load time on modern processors for the Verlet table and linked-cell algorithms.

Neighbor search algorithms are widely used in molecular dynamics for the direct computation of short-range pairwise interatomic potentials. These algorithms are based on the Verlet table (VT) and linked-cell (LC) methods. It is widely believed that the VT is more efficient than the LC. The analysis of these methods shows that in case when the average number of interactions per particle is relatively large, or more specifically, the particle density ρ and skin radius r(skin) meet the condition (4π/6)ρr (skin)3/27 ≫ 1, which may be true for most simulations of liquids, the number of memory data load operations in the LC is much less than that in the VT. Because memory access on modern processors is a bottleneck, this advantage of the LC should be and was in fact used, and a code outperforming the VT by a factor of almost 2 was obtained. Some modifications of the VT were proposed to reduce its disadvantage concerning memory data loading. The key modifications included automated skin radius tuning during simulations and compression of the VT to minimize duplications of atom identifiers in its nearby rows. Although these modifications had improved the performance, the VT failed to regain the superiority over the LC. The methods were tested in the MOLKERN simulation software by using SIMD and multithreading.

Expression and molecular characterization of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis PII protein.

The signal transduction protein PII plays an important role in cellular nitrogen assimilation and regulation. The molecular characteristics of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis PII (Mtb PII) were investigated using biophysical experiments. The Mtb PII coding ORF Rv2919c was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The binding characteristics of the purified protein with ATP and ADP were investigated using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Mtb PII binds to ATP strongly with K(d) in the range 1.93-6.44 microM. This binding strength was not significantly affected by the presence of 2-ketoglutarate even in molar concentrations of 66 (ITC) or 636 (SPR) fold excess of protein concentration. However, an additional enthalpy of 0.3 kcal/mol was released in presence of 2-ketoglutarate. Binding of Mtb PII to ADP was weaker by an order of magnitude. Binding of ATP and 2-ketoglutarate were analysed by docking studies on the Mtb PII crystal structure (PDB id 3BZQ). We observed that hydrogen bonds involving the gamma-phosphate of ATP contribute to enhanced binding of ATP compared with ADP. Glutaraldehyde crosslinking showed that Mtb PII exists in homotrimeric state which is consistent with other PII proteins. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Mtb PII consistently grouped with other actinobacterial PII proteins.

Phylogenetic analysis of the p53 and p63/p73 gene families.

Proteins of the relative families p53 and p63/p73 are transcriptional factors that are involved in the signaling pathway in cells. The wide spectrum of their functions includes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to DNA damage. The p53 protein also participates in development of particular tissues during embryogenesis. Thus, it is of high importance to establish the relation between structure, function and evolution of these proteins. In the current computational study, the evolutionary mode of the p63/p73 protein family is investigated. Search for the adaptive branches of the phylogenetic tree and the adaptive codons in the nucleotide sequences was performed using the codem1 program from the PAML package, version 3.14. The results obtained were compared with those of our previous phylogenetic analysis of the p53 protein. Evidence was obtained that the evolutionary history of the p63/p73 proteins has been under positive selection. An attempt is made to associate the current evidence with the previous for positive selection in the p53 family. Recently the G245C substitution has been assumed to result in formation of a novel Zn(2+)-binding site in the p53 protein. The molecular mechanics simulations were performed to estimate energy of zinc binding to its site in two dominant-negative p53 mutants--G245C and R175H--in comparison with the wild-type p53. The results of the estimation provided evidence of the novel Zn(2+)-binding site functionality in G245C mutant form.