Cryopreservation of seeds of Neonotonia wightii Wight and Arn: a strategy for conservation, dormancy breaking and preservation of nutritional status.

BACKGROUND: N. wightii (Leguminosae) is valued as a cover crop and as a potential source of protein in food insecure countries. However, plantlet establishment is limited by physical dormancy. Our previous work has shown that exposure of N. wightii seeds to cryogenic temperatures is able to overcome physical dormancy. OBJECTIVE: The current study is an extension of that work where the field performance and nutritional composition of plants regenerated from N. wightii seeds was investigated. RESULTS: It was evident that plants regenerated from cryopreserved seeds displayed faster growth rates than those from control seeds. In addition, cryopreservation did not alter the nutritional profile of plants produced from cryo-stored seeds. CONCLUSION: Collectively, the results indicate that cryopreservation serves as a suitable strategy for the preservation of seeds of N. wightii with the added benefit of also serving as a dormancy breaking mechanism upon retrieval from cryogenic temperatures. Doi.org/10.54680/fr23510110712.

Hamatolunate impingement syndrome in golfers: results of arthroscopic burring of the apex of the hamate.

Hamatolunate impingement syndrome is an uncommon cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain in the general population. Often misdiagnosed and untreated by non-specialized physicians, it is an important source of chronic ulnar wrist pain in golfers. The purpose of this retrospective study was to report results of arthroscopic burring of the apex of the hamate for hamatolunate impingement, whether isolated or not, in golf players, with a minimum of six months follow-up. Fifteen golf players (10 amateur, 2 semi-professional and 3 professional players), aged 40-61 years, with ulnar carpal pain implicating hamatolunate impingement with Viegas type-II carpal configuration, were included. Treatment consisted in arthroscopic burring of the apex of the hamate. At an average follow-up of 11 months (range, 6-24 months), all patients were satisfied with functional results, except 1 with persistent pain and stiffness; 93% returned to sport to their prior level. Mean range of motion was improved by 17 ° for wrist flexion (range, 15 ° to 30 °) and 15 ° for wrist extension (range, 10 ° to 25 °). All patients except 1 recovered grip strength, improving from 27 kg (range, 12-53) preoperatively to 35 kg (range, 17-61) at last-follow-up, and ulnar-sided pain was alleviated during golf practice. Return to prior sport level was possible by 5.5 months for professional players and by 9 months for amateurs. Arthroscopic burring of the apex of the hamate provided good clinical results for function and pain, with fairly rapid return to sport. Hamatolunate chondritis does not always mean pathology but represents the natural progression of Viegas type II wrists.

Exposure of Teramnus labialis (L.F.) Spreng Seeds to Liquid Nitrogen Does Not Affect Nutritional Status of Field Grown Adult Plants.

BACKGROUND: Teramnus labialis (L.f.) Spreng is a potentially important legume species, and can be used as an animal feed and to enhance soil physicochemical characteristics. Despite the biological and agricultural importance, the low availability of seeds, their small size and the low percentage germination limit their large-scale use by farmers. We previously reported a method to cryopreserve seeds of T. labialis which also allowed for the breaking of seed dormancy. OBJECTIVE: The current study reports on the nutritional status of 5 month old field grown plants regenerated from cryostored and control seeds. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biomass (fresh and dry mass of leaves and stems) and contents of ash, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, cellulose, crude protein, P, Ca, Mg and K were measured. RESULTS: Seeds germinated and emerged faster following immersion in liquid nitrogen (LN) which was supported by quantitative evaluations of fresh and dry weights per m2. However, the ratio of leaf:stem mass were not altered by seed exposure to LN. CONCLUSION: The results showed that exposure of seeds to cryogenic temperatures did not alter the nutritional composition of regenerated plants.

Plane of nutrition during gestation affects reproductive performance and retention rate of hyperprolific sows under commercial conditions.

Defining a maternal plane of nutrition during gestation is pivotal for improving sow productivity and the cost-effectiveness of feeding. The benefits of increasing the amount of feed during late gestation have been controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different planes of nutrition during gestation on reproductive performance of hyperprolific sows and pre-weaning litter performance. One hundred and thirty-five gestating sows were randomly assigned to one of three planes of nutrition throughout parities three and four (P4), as follows: Req - plane designed to meet requirements of prolific sows (2.3 kg per day from day 1 to 21; 1.8 kg per day from day 22 to 75; 2.3 kg per day from day 76 to farrowing); Bump - plane designed as the Req, with increased feed intake during late gestation (3.0 kg per day from day 91 to farrowing); and Maintenance - plane designed to closely meet maintenance requirements of sows (1.8 kg per day from day 1 to farrowing). All treatments were fed the same gestation diet (2.50MCal NE/kg; 0.67% SID Lysine; 15.17% CP). Sow biometrical parameters at farrowing and at weaning, and litter characteristics were recorded. Also, blood samples were collected for pre- and post-prandial serum glucose and plasma insulin, as well as triglycerides, calcium, and phosphorus analyses. Culling, stratified by cause, and retention rates were recorded in all treatments for each parity. Over two parities, Bump sows had higher weight gain and, at P4, had a higher number of piglets born alive (P < 0.05). Bump sows lost more weight between the end of gestation and weaning over two parities (P < 0.05). Maintenance sows showed reduced body condition score with a higher percentage of piglets removed throughout lactation (due to inappetence and inability to reach the udder) at P4 (P = 0.03). Pre- and post-prandial glucose levels were higher in Bump sows, as well as post-prandial insulin and phosphorus levels at P4 (P < 0.05). Bump sows also showed increased plasma triglycerides compared to the other treatments (P = 0.03). Retention rate was reduced in Maintenance compared to Bump and Req sows at parity 5 (P = 0.02). Taken together, our results indicate that higher feed intake allowance during late gestation may improve the sow's nutritional status triggering positive results on litter size of hyperprolific sows (e.g., more than 17 total born). However, body condition score must be carefully evaluated to prevent excessive weight gain during successive parities.

Basal joint arthroscopy indications in first CMC joint arthritis.

Basal joint arthroscopy is one of the more recent evolutions of small joint arthroscopy in upper limb surgery. Conventional arthroscopy equipment is generally sufficient to perform these procedures without any specific adaptation. Arthroscopic exploration of the trapeziometacarpal joint is performed through 1R, 1U portals with the addition of a thenar portal in some indications. In the context of basal joint arthritis, we can distinguish diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic indications for arthroscopy. Diagnostic indications are the assessment of painful post-traumatic basal joint lesions of cartilage and ligaments, and the evaluation of chondromalacia and ligament attenuation to help classify basal joint osteoarthritis to provide additional clinical information, which can influence further treatment depending on the stage of the disease. Preventive indications are reduction of Bennett's fracture, basal joint dislocation management to avoid post-traumatic instability and chondromalacia; it can also be indicated after decompensation of hyperlaxity. Therapeutic indications are debridement, ligament augmentation procedures or shrinkage ± interposition ± partial or total trapeziectomy, ligamentoplasty, etc. Basal joint arthroscopy appears to be the seat of advances in arthroscopic procedures with clinical results at least as effective as classical open surgery, but this technique still requires long-term evaluation.

Maternal protein restriction affects cardiovascular, but not respiratory response to L-glutamate microinjection into the NTS of conscious rats.

Purpose: Dysregulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission (GN) is linked to sympathetic-respiratory overactivity and hypertension. We investigated whether maternal protein restriction is able to alter GN into the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in adult offspring.Methods: Wistar rat dams were fed with control (NP; 17% protein) or low-protein (LP; 8% protein) diet during pregnancy and lactation, and their offspring were evaluated at 70-90d old. Direct measurements of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory frequency (RF) and respiratory (RV) and cardiac (CV) variabilities were assessed in consciousness. The evaluation of GN into NTS over cardiovascular system were assessed by microinjections of unilateral glutamate (L-glu 0.5 nmol/100nL) and bilateral kynurenic acid (Kyn 2.5 nmol/50nL). The NP and LP groups were compared using unpaired Student's t-test where p < 0.05 was considered significant.Results: The LP exhibited higher MAP at rest (p = 0.03) and after L-glu microinjection (p = 0.04), as well as an increase over HR after Kyn microinjection when compared to the NP (p = 0.049). In the RV, the LP group showed an increase of the component-standard deviation 1 (p = 0.037) at rest. In the CV, the LP presented an increase of the low frequency (LF) component of the pulse interval (PI) (p = 0.034), a decrease of high frequency (HF) of the PI (p = 0.034), beyond an increased LF/HF ratio of the PI (p = 0.027) when compared to the NP. The kynurenic acid microinjection did not produce changes in RV or CV (p > 0.05).Conclusions: Altered GN into the NTS may contribute to augmented blood pressure in protein-restricted offspring.

A study of fluid dynamics and human physiology factors driving droplet dispersion from a human sneeze.

Recent studies have indicated that COVID-19 is an airborne disease, which has driven conservative social distancing and widescale usage of face coverings. Airborne virus transmission occurs through droplets formed during respiratory events (breathing, speaking, coughing, and sneezing) associated with the airflow through a network of nasal and buccal passages. The airflow interacts with saliva/mucus films where droplets are formed and dispersed, creating a route to transmit SARS-CoV-2. Here, we present a series of numerical simulations to investigate droplet dispersion from a sneeze while varying a series of human physiological factors that can be associated with illness, anatomy, stress condition, and sex of an individual. The model measures the transmission risk utilizing an approximated upper respiratory tract geometry for the following variations: (1) the effect of saliva properties and (2) the effect of geometric features within the buccal/nasal passages. These effects relate to natural human physiological responses to illness, stress, and sex of the host as well as features relating to poor dental health. The results find that the resulting exposure levels are highly dependent on the fluid dynamics that can vary depending on several human factors. For example, a sneeze without flow in the nasal passage (consistent with congestion) yields a 300% rise in the droplet content at 1.83 m (≈6 ft) and an increase over 60% on the spray distance 5 s after the sneeze. Alternatively, when the viscosity of the saliva is increased (consistent with the human response to illness), the number of droplets is both fewer and larger, which leads to an estimated 47% reduction in the transmission risk. These findings yield novel insight into variability in the exposure distance and indicate how physiological factors affect transmissibility rates. Such factors may partly relate to how the immune system of a human has evolved to prevent transmission or be an underlying factor driving superspreading events in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Small for gestational age very preterm infants present a higher risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

INTRODUCTION: Several studies assessed the influence of a low birth weight on bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), but not all could find a significant association. Our aim was to assess the association between low birth weight and BPD in preterm infants, prospectively recruited at 11 level III Portuguese neonatal centers. METHODS: Obstetrical and neonatal data on mothers and preterm infants with gestational ages between 24 and 30 weeks, born during 2015 and 2016 after a surveilled pregnancy, were analyzed. Neonates were considered small for gestational age (SGA) when their birthweight was below the 10th centile of Fenton's growth chats and BPD was defined as the dependency for oxygen therapy until 36 weeks of corrected age. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS® statistics 23 and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Out of 614, a total of 494 preterm infants delivered from 410 women were enrolled in the study; 40 (8.0%) infants with SGA criteria. SGA were more often associated with a single pregnancy, had greater use of antenatal corticosteroids, increased prevalence of gestational hypertensive disorders, C-section, rupture of membranes below 18 hours, rate of intubation in the delivery room, use of surfactant treatment, oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation need, BPD, cystic periventricular leukomalacia, nosocomial sepsis and pneumonia; had lower prevalence of chorioamnionitis, and lower Apgar scores. The multivariate analysis by logistic regression, adjusted for BPD risk factors revealed a significant association between SGA and BPD: OR = 5.2 [CI: 1.46-18.58]; p = 0.01. CONCLUSION: The results of this study increase the scientific evidence that SGA is an independent risk factor for BPD.

Seed Cryostorage Enhances Subsequent Plant Productivity in the Forage Species Teramnus Labialis (L.F.) Spreng.

BACKGROUND: Teramnus labialis is an herbaceous legume that serves as a source of carbohydrates and proteins for animals and humans, and is valued for its nitrogen contribution to soil. The benefits of this species are, however, limited by low seed availability, small seed size and low in situ seed germination levels, due to physical dormancy. Cryostorage has been shown to be beneficial for both seed storage and breaking physical dormancy in seeds of various species. However, its potential effects on subsequent seedling emergence, plant growth and seed production need to be studied before large-scale implementation for T. labialis. OBJECTIVE: To record agricultural traits of T. labialis after seed exposure to liquid nitrogen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seeds were maintained at 5 degree C (control) or stored in LN before sowing. Seedling emergence percentage and traits related to plant growth and seed production were evaluated for 6 months. RESULTS: Except for seed weight, all traits differed significantly between seedlings generated from cryostored and control seeds. Except for pod number, seedling emergence and plant growth traits were enhanced by cryostorage to a greater extent than seed production traits. Cryostorage resulted in cracks and breaks in the seed coat which were absent in control seeds (scanning electron microscopy), and in breaking physical dormancy may have facilitated more rapid seedling emergence than for control seeds. CONCLUSION: Seed cryostorage enhances subsequent plant productivity in terms of growth and to a lesser extent seed production in Teramnus labialis, validating its use for commercial growth of this species.

The effects of immunization against gonadotropin-releasing hormone on growth performance, reproductive activity and carcass traits of heavy weight gilts.

Heavy weight gilts commonly show signs of oestrus during the late finishing phase, which results in a period of reduced feed intake and growth rate. Immunization against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (IM, immunocastration) was developed for finishing boars and recently extrapolated to females. Immunocastration acts by suppressing reproductive activity and improving the growth potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of IM on growth performance, reproductive activity and carcass characteristics of late finishing gilts. Seventy-two gilts (63.49 ± 0.39 kg) were either injected with saline (Intact) or immunized against GnRH (Immunized). The study consisted of three experimental periods: between the first to second immunization (V1 to V2, 15 to 19 weeks of age), from the second immunization to the beginning of daily boar exposure (DBE) (V2 to DBE, 19 to 21 weeks of age) and from the beginning of DBE to slaughter (S) (DBE to S, 21 to 25 weeks of age). Immunized gilts showed an overall increase (from 15 to 25 weeks) of 3.90 kg (P 0.05). Immunized gilts showed 4.4% increased cold carcass weight (P 0.05). Immunocastration reduced ovarian and uterine weights by 82% (P < 0.001) and 93% (P < 0.001), respectively, and suppressed oestrus manifestation in all gilts in the immunized group (P < 0.001). These results indicate that immunization against GnRH is a promising tool for stimulating growth performance with no detrimental effects on carcass quality of heavy weight finishing gilts, by means of oestrus suppression.

Commercial cuts and carcass characteristics of sheep and goats supplemented with multinutritional blocks / Cortes comerciales y característica de la canal de borregos y cabritos suplementados con bloques multinutricionales

ABSTRACT Objective. Aimed to identify the weight and yield of the commercial cuts, muscularity, and adiposity in the carcasses of sheep and goats grazing in the Caatinga supplemented with different sources of supplementations; these include feed-blocks. Material and methods. Sixty non-castrated males an initial average body weight of 18.63 ± 1.93 kg were used: 30 goats and 30 sheep all animals did not have a defined breed standard (WDBS). The experimental design used was entirely randomized (DIC), in factorial scheme 3x2 (three types of supplementation: mineral salt, MBs and MBs + buffel hay, and two species: sheep and goats) and 10 replications. Animals were raised in a rangeland grazing system in an area with vegetation characteristic of Caatinga ecosystem under three types of supplementation: 1: only mineral salt; 2: Feed blocks (MBs); and 3: MBs + buffel hay There were measured the weight, yield and the components of left half-part of carcass of lambs and kids. Results. The sheep were superior to goats in carcass conformation, loin-eye area, index of muscularity of the leg and compactness index of the leg while the goats were superior to sheep in leg muscles weight. Conclusions. Sheep and Goats, when fed with supplementation of pasture feeding blocks in the Caatinga ecosystem; Supplementation with mineral salt and Multinutritional Blocks with and without Buffel can be used to improve herds in the caatinga, with similar results among the three. Sheep show more adiposity of meat than goats, in contrast, goats have higher musculature than sheep when fed with feed blocks.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Con el objetivo de identificar el peso y rendimiento de los cortes comerciales, musculatura y adiposidad en las canales de borregos y cabritos pastando en la Caatinga suplementado con diferentes fuentes de suplementos; Estos incluyen bloques de alimentación. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron 60 machos no castrados con un peso corporal medio inicial de 18,63 ± 1,93 kg: 30 borregos y 30 cabritos, todos los animales no tenían un estándar de raza definido (WDBS). El diseño experimental utilizado fue totalmente al azar (DIC), en esquema factorial 3x2 (tres tipos de suplementación: sal mineral, MBs y MBs + heno buffel, y dos especies: borregos y cabritos) y 10 repeticiones. Los animales fueron criados en un sistema de pastoreo de pastizales en un área con vegetación característica del ecosistema de Caatinga bajo tres tipos de suplementación: 1: sal mineral solamente; 2: Bloques de alimentación (MBs); Y 3: MBs + heno buffel Se midió el peso, el rendimiento y los componentes de la mitad izquierda de la carcasa de corderos y cabritos. Resultados. Las cordeiros fueron superiores a los cabritos en conformación de carcasas, área de lomo, índice de musculatura de la pierna y índice de compacidad de la pierna mientras que los cabritos fueron superiores a las cordeiros en el peso de los músculos de las piernas. Conclusión. Cordeiros y cabritos, cuando se alimentan con suplementos de bloques de alimentación de pasto en el ecosistema de Caatinga; La suplementación con sal mineral y Bloques Multinutritivos con y sin Buffel puede ser utilizada para mejorar los rebaños en la caatinga, con resultados similares entre los tres. Las cordeiros muestran más adiposidad de carne que los cabritos, en contraste, las cabritos tienen mayor musculatura que las cordeiros cuando se alimentan con bloques de alimentación.

A multivariate approach to determine the factors affecting response level of growth, carcass, and meat quality traits in finishing pigs fed ractopamine.

The effect of ractopamine (RAC) supplementation on growth, carcass, and meat quality traits of finishing pigs was studied using a meta-analytical approach. The database was composed of 57 studies published from 2004 to 2016. The dependent variables extracted for the meta-analysis included final BW, ADG, ADFI, feed:gain ratio, HCW, dressing percentage, carcass length, lean yield, back fat thickness, loin muscle area, loin depth, postmortem pH, meat brightness, redness, and yellowness. The studies were grouped by similarity in 3 clusters (C1, C2, and C3) by hierarchical clustering on principle components. The main differences observed between clusters were those of animal initial weight, which increased from C1 through C3. Linear mixed models were used to analyze the data, where studies were assumed as random effect, whereas the total amount of RAC in the diet, cluster, and sex category were considered fixed effects. The interactions between cluster and sex category (barrows, gilts, and mixed sex) and RAC level were also evaluated. Dietary RAC was effective in improving final weight ( < 0.0001), ADG ( < 0.0001), and feed:gain ratio ( < 0.0001) and had a positive effect on HCW ( < 0.0001), lean yield ( = 0.0081), loin muscle area ( = 0.0190), and loin depth ( < 0.0001). In addition, a relatively limited effect on pork quality was observed in the current study. The RAC supplementation was more effective, mainly when pigs started supplementation with higher initial weight, although different responses were observed according to sex category ( < 0.05). There is ample indication that growth and carcass traits could be improved by dietary RAC supplementation. Ractopamine supplementation did not influence the pork quality.

[Pathology of the triangular fibrocartilaginous complex in distal radius fractures]. / Pathologie du complexe fibrocartilagineux triangulaire dans le cadre des fractures de l'extrémité distale du radius.

Distal radius fracture is actually quite rarely isolated and triangular fibrocartilaginous complex (TFCC) is often involved with the same mechanism of injury. A contemporary management of the treatment of the initial fracture is ideal and so benefits from a routine arthroscopic management. Nevertheless, in the absence of diagnosis and therefore early treatment, the symptoms may be located at the ulnar crossroads and justify specific treatment of TFCC. It is generally conducted after an accurate arthroscopic lesion classification guiding a procedure, depending on the lesion vascularization as well as its possible destabilization potential (debridement, capsular suture or foveal reattachment). Unfortunately, too often the radius fracture is insufficiently stabilized by an inadequate fixation process or inappropriate orthopedic management with a positive ulnar variance consequence and an ulnar plus syndrome. A "wafer procedure" may then sometimes be proposed if a shortening of less than 3mm is needed and that the distal radio-ulnar joint is not too disorganized.

Mid-term results of arthroscopic Bankart repair: A review of 31 cases.

INTRODUCTION: The goal of this study was to assess the overall function (Walch-Duplay score), stability, time and because it is time of return to sport and level of return to sport, and satisfaction of patients who underwent an arthroscopic Bankart repair for chronic anterior shoulder instability at 5 years' follow-up. In addition, the potential correlation between the postoperative Walch-Duplay score and the presence of risk factors for recurrence, the ISIS score, associated labral lesions discovered intraoperatively and clinical presentation was determined. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective, single-centre study of 30 patients (31 arthroscopic Bankart procedures) operated between January 2003 and December 2012. The Walch-Duplay score, recurrence rate (dislocation or subluxation), return to sports and subjective satisfaction were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean postoperative Duplay score was 77.4 points (100-15)±30.6. At review, 25.8% of patients had recurrence of the preoperative symptoms, including 16.1% glenohumeral dislocation and 9.7% subluxation. Patients requiring revision surgery (Bristow-Latarjet procedure) had no additional instability episodes. Among the athletes, 16 (66.6%) returned to their pre-injury level, four (16.6%) changed to a different sport and four stopped participating (16.6%). The subjective evaluation of the procedure was satisfactory in 75% of cases. No risk factors for recurrence were significantly related to the Walch-Duplay score. CONCLUSION: Despite satisfactory Walch-Duplay scores and subjective results, this mid-term follow-up study revealed a significant number of patients with recurrent instability after arthroscopic Bankart repair, confirming published data. Careful patient selection is essential prior to proposing this procedure and patients should be informed of the potential risk of revision surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, retrospective study.

Avaliação de níveis de glicina+serina em dietas de frangos de corte com reduzido teor de proteína bruta / Evaluation of glycine+serine levels in low crude protein diets for broiler chickens

O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso para avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de glicina+serina (gli+ser) total em dietas de baixa proteína bruta (PB) sobre o desempenho e características de carcaça de frangos de corte de um a 21 dias de idade. Foram utilizadas 750 aves, distribuídas em cinco tratamentos, cinco repetições e 30 aves por unidade experimental. As dietas utilizadas continham 190g/kg de PB e níveis de gli+ser de 16,7; 19,2; 21,7 e 24,2g/kg; a dieta controle continha 230g/kg de PB. Avaliaram-se os efeitos dos níveis de glicina+serina sobre o desempenho e composição de carcaça. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e os resultados obtidos com as dietas de baixos níveis proteicos com diferentes níveis de gli+ser foram comparados à dieta controle pelo teste de Dunnett. Os níveis de gli+ser apresentaram efeito linear sobre a conversão alimentar, ganho de peso e peso aos 21 dias, sendo o nível de 24,2g/kg de gli+ser com resultado semelhante à dieta controle. A redução proteica aumentou o conteúdo de extrato etéreo na carcaça.(AU)

A completely randomized experimental design was carried out to evaluate the effects of total gly+ser levels in low crude protein diets on performance and body composition of male broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age. Seven hundred and fifty broiler chickens were used in each one of the production phases. The birds were randomly allotted to five treatments and five replicates. The diets contained 190g/kg crude protein (CP) and total gly+ser levels of 16.7; 19.2; 21.7 and 24.2g/kg; and a control diet with 230 g/kg CP. The effect of glycine+serine levels on performance and body composition was evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the results obtained with the diets of low crude protein levels with different levels of Gly + Ser were compared to the control diet by Dunnett's test. The gly+ser levels improved the feed linearly: weight gain ratio; weight gain and final weight. The broilers fed 24.2g/kg gly+ser diet showed a performance similar to broilers fed control diets. The carcass fat increased with CP reduction.(AU)

Teor de metionina + cistina para codornas de corte do nascimento aos 21 dias de idade / Total methionine + cystine level for European quail from hatch to 21 days of age

Estudou-se o efeito do teor de metionina + cistina sobre o desempenho de codornas de corte durante a fase inicial (nascimento ao 21° dia). Foram utilizadas 360 codornas, de ambos os sexos, distribuídas em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso. Os tratamentos consistiram em seis níveis de metionina + cistina total (0,86; 0,96; 1,06; 1,16; 1,26 e 1,36), quatro repetições e 15 aves por unidade experimental. As características avaliadas foram o peso corporal, ganho de peso, consumo e conversão alimentar para fase inicial. Observou-se efeito quadrático significativo do teor de metionina + cistina sobre todas as variáveis avaliadas do nascimento ao 21° dia de idade, sendo observado melhor desempenho nas codornas alimentadas com 1,21% de metionina + cistina para peso corporal e ganho de peso, 1,36% de metionina + cistina para consumo e 1,1% de metionina + cistina para conversão alimentar. A exigência de metionina + cistina para máximo ganho de peso na fase inicial é de 1,21%.

The effect of total methionine + cystine level on the performance traits of European quails during the initial phase of the growth period (from hatch to 21 days of age) was evaluated in a completely randomized experimental design with six levels of total methionine + cystine (.86; .96; 1.06; 1.16;1.26;1.36), with four replicates and 15 quails per experimental unit. Body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed: weight gain ratio were evaluated. Significant quadratic effects of total methionine + cystine level on the performance traits recorded from hatch to 21 days of age were observed. Highest body weight and weight gain were estimated for quails fed 1.21% total methionoine + cystine diets, lowest feed intake was estimated for quails fed 1.36% diets and best feed: weight gain ratio was estimated for quails fed 1.1% total methionoine + cystine diet. The total methionine + cystine requirement for weight gain from hatch to 21 days of age is 1.21%.

Consequences of different dietary energy sources during follicular development on subsequent fertility of cyclic gilts.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary-induced insulin enhancement during the late luteal phase on subsequent fertility of gilts. Fifty-two littermate cyclic gilts were subjected to dietary treatments where two energy sources were tested: corn starch (T1) and soybean oil (T2). The experimental diets were supposed to provide similar amounts of dietary energy, but from different sources. Gilts were fed ad libitum, starting day 8 of the estrous cycle, until the next standing heat. Blood sampling was performed in a subgroup of 20 gilts on days 14 and 21 of the cycle for analyses of glucose and insulin, and after ovulation detection until 18 h after ovulation for progesterone. All gilts were slaughtered on day 28 of pregnancy and the reproductive tracts recovered for further analysis. T1 gilts showed higher postprandial insulin peak on days 14 and 21 and lower glucose levels 4 h after feeding on day 14 (P<0.05), however, there were no treatment effects on plasma progesterone concentrations. Dietary energy sources did not affect average daily feed intake, body weight and backfat on day 28 of pregnancy. Estrous cycle length, estrus duration and time of ovulation were not affected by previous nutritional treatments either. T1 gilts showed higher ovulation rates, number of embryos, embryo weight and placental weight (P<0.05). There were no treatment effects on pregnancy rate, embryo survival rate and volume of amniotic fluid. A positive correlation between progesterone concentration 18 h after ovulation and ovulation rate was observed (r=0.75; P<0.01). These results suggest that it is possible to manipulate dietary insulin response in cyclic gilts and, thus, improve reproductive efficiency when feeding starch as the main energy source during the late luteal and follicular phases of the cycle.

Performance and nutrient utilization in South American juvenile catfish Pseudoplatystoma spp. weighting 89 - 170g, fed at different energy and protein levels / Desempenho e utilização de nutrientes em juvenis de surubim Pseudoplatystoma spp. alimentados com diferentes níveis de energia e proteína

Most studies in nutrition for the South American catfish (surubim) were limited to the initial phase of development. However, it is clear that performance and nutrient utilization can change during the life stages of a fish. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the performance and nutrient utilization in juveniles of surubim fed diets varying in protein and energy levels. Two experiments were performed to test different levels of energy and protein in formulated diets. In the first experiment, surubim juveniles (89.2±4.8g) were fed five diets containing different levels of energy (18.0, 18.8, 19.6, 20.5, 21.3 MJ/kg). In the second experiment, juveniles (170.03±3.35g) were fed five diets containing different levels of protein (360, 400, 440, 480 and 520g/kg). The most favorable energy level for weight gain was 20.3 MJ/kg. The increasing energy levels provided a rise in fat and decrease in protein whole-body composition. The protein amount was between 360 to 400g/kg (383g/kg), which was adequate for performance and nutrient assimilation in surubim juveniles.

A maior parte dos estudos a respeito dos aspectos nutricionais do surubim está limitada às primeiras fases de desenvolvimento. Entretanto, é claro que o desempenho e a utilização dos nutrientes podem mudar durante os diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento destes animais. Assim sendo, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho e a utilização de nutrientes em juvenis de surubim alimentados com dietas contendo níveis variáveis de energia e proteína. Dois experimentos foram realizados para testar os diferentes níveis de proteína e energia. No primeiro experimento, juvenis de surubim (89,2±4,8g) foram alimentados com cinco dietas contendo níveis diferentes de energia (18.0, 18.8, 19.6, 20.5, 21.3MJ/kg). No segundo experimento, os juvenis (170,03±3,35g) foram alimentados com dietas contendo cinco níveis de proteína (360, 400, 440, 480 e 520g/kg). O melhor nível de energia para ganho de peso foi 20,3 MJ/kg. O aumento dos níveis de energia levou a um incremento nos níveis de lipídeo e diminuição da proteína corporal. Níveis de proteína entre 360 a 400g/kg foram os mais adequados para o desempenho e utilização dos nutrientes em juvenis grandes de surubim.

Intra-uterine growth retardation affects birthweight and postnatal development in pigs, impairing muscle accretion, duodenal mucosa morphology and carcass traits.

The present study investigated the occurrence of intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) in newborn (n=40) and 150-day-old (n=240) pigs of different birthweight ranges (high, HW: 1.8-2.2kg; low, LW: 0.8-1.2kg) from higher-parity commercial sows and its impact on their subsequent development and carcass traits in a Brazilian commercial production system. HW newborn pigs had heavier organs than LW pigs (P<0.01), and all brain:organ weight ratios were higher (P<0.01) in LW compared with HW offspring, providing strong evidence of IUGR in the LW piglets. HW pigs had higher bodyweights and average daily gain (ADG) in all phases of production (P<0.05), but ADG in the finisher phase was similar in both groups. Additionally, LW newborn and 150-day-old pigs showed a lower percentage of muscle fibres and a higher percentage of connective tissue in the semitendinosus muscle, greater fibre number per mm(2) and a lower height of the duodenal mucosa (P<0.05). On the other hand, HW pigs had higher hot carcass weight, meat content in the carcass and yield of ham, shoulder and belly (P<0.01). Hence, lower-birthweight piglets may suffer from IUGR, which impairs their growth performance, muscle accretion, duodenal mucosa morphology and carcass traits.

[Pathology of wrist ligaments. 32 lesions of the carpal triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC). Prognostic significance of associated luno-triquetral lesions]. / La pathologie ligamentaire du poignet. À propos de 32 lésions du complexe fibro-cartilagineux triangulaire du carpe (TFCC). Intérêt pronostique des lésions luno-triquetrales associées.

Trauma of the wrist is often responsible for multiple ligament injuries. We wanted to know if the association of a luno-triquetral ligament lesion and a triangular fibrocartilage disc lesion has a poor prognosis. We reviewed 32 patients with a traumatic injury of the triangular ligament, with a mean age of 35 years, and 32 months of follow up. The functional scores used were the Modified Mayo Wrist score, the Quick DASH score, and the Herzberg score. Patients were classified according to the severity of luno-triquetral lesions, in conformity with the Geissler's classification. Ten patients had a healthy ligament, 11 a stable lesion stage 1 and 11 an unstable lesion stage 2, 3 or 4. The joint mobility averages were 59.5° in flexion, 64.2° in extension, a pronation of 71.3°, a supination of 74.1°, an ulnar inclination of 33.8° and a radial inclination of 16.8°. The Modified Mayo Wrist score average was 75/100, the Herzberg score average was 81.5/100 and the average of the Quick DASH 8/100. The patients were all very satisfied or satisfied with their intervention. There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups studied regarding mobility and functional scores. In this study, an associated luno-triquetral ligament injury does not seem to worsen the functional outcome after surgery, provided appropriate treatment had been performed. However, a larger patient sample is needed to verify these findings.