Correction: Combination of inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction with highly efficient oxime ligation expands the toolbox of site-selective peptide conjugations.

Correction for 'Combination of inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction with highly efficient oxime ligation expands the toolbox of site-selective peptide conjugations' by S. Hörner, et al., Chem. Commun., 2015, DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03434e.

Combination of inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction with highly efficient oxime ligation expands the toolbox of site-selective peptide conjugations.

A modular approach combining inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder coupling (DARinv) and oxime ligation expands the toolbox of bioorthogonal peptide chemistry. Applicability of versatile site-specific bifunctional building blocks is demonstrated by generation of defined conjugates comprising linear, cystine-bridged and multi-disulfide functional peptides as well as their conjugation with hybrid silsesquioxane nanoparticles.

[Relevance of different sequences in MRI-detected subchondral bone damage of the knee joint and possible therapeutic options]. / Relevanz unterschiedlicher MRI-Sequenzen bei subchondralen Verletzungen des Kniegelenkes und mögliche therapeutische Konsequenzen.

With the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after knee injuries interest has focussed on the clinical relevance of different concomitant osseous damage. Different MRI- sequences reveal varying characteristics of such lesions. Prospective data of 69 patients with MRI-detected sub-acute subchondral fractures or bone bruises according to the classification of Mink was recorded. Function, symptoms (Noyes) and activity (Tegner) were assessed at the time of first MRI and 7,4 months later including a follow-up MRI using T 2-weighted fat saturated (fs) fast-spin-echo-sequences (FSE), T 1-weighted spin echo (SE) sequences, Proton-density-weighted spin echo-sequences (SE) and T 2-weighted (fs) gradient-echo-sequences. The patients were divided in 4 groups: patients with subchondral fracture and patients with pure bone bruise subdivided in patients with and without intraarticular knee lesions. Bone bruises were diagnosed in 44 cases, subchondral fractures in 25 patients. Patients without intra-articular pathology had significantly poorer function at the time of MRI with subchondral fractures, but not in the sub-group with intra-articular damage. Symptoms were not significantly different in both groups at this time. At 7,4 months both sub-groups with fractures had a lower level of function compared to patients with bone bruises, activity score and symptoms showed poorer results in the group without intraarticular lesion (p = 0,01 for all scores). T 1- weighted spin echo (SE) sequences revealed to be the most important tool to differentiate the various lesions. Hints for a modification of rehabilitation avoiding axial forces in case of subchondral fractures might be the use of isokinetics using open kinetic chain instead of closed kinetic chain or orthosis with relief of the affected compartment.

Isolation, identification, and synthesis of gamma-butyrobetainyl-CoA and crotonobetainyl-CoA, compounds involved in carnitine metabolism of E. coli.

A still unknown low-molecular-mass cofactor essential for the activity of carnitine-metabolizing enzymes (e.g., L-carnitine dehydratase, crotonobetaine reductase) from E. coli has been purified to homogeneity from a cell-free extract of E. coli O44K74. The purity of the cofactor was confirmed by HPLC analysis. Biosynthesis of the unknown compound was only observed when bacteria were cultivated anaerobically in the presence of L-carnitine or crotonobetaine. The determined properties, together with results obtained from UV-visible, (1)H NMR, and mass spectrometry, indicate that the compound in question is a new CoA derivative. The esterified compound was suggested to be gamma-butyrobetaine-a metabolite of carnitine metabolism of E. coli. Proof of structure was performed by chemical synthesis. Besides gamma-butyrobetainyl-CoA, a second new CoA derivative, crotonobetainyl-CoA, was also chemically synthesized. Both CoA derivatives were purified and their structures confirmed using NMR and mass spectrometry. Comparisons of structural data and of the chemical properties of gamma-butyrobetainyl-CoA, crotonobetainyl-CoA, and the isolated cofactor verified that the unknown compound is gamma-butyrobetainyl-CoA. The physical and chemical properties of gamma-butyrobetainyl-CoA and crotonobetainyl-CoA are similar to known CoA derivatives.

[Reactions of the cardiopulmonary and the motor system in work with medium-sized muscles]. / Reaktionen des kardiopulmonalen und des motorischen Systems bei Arbeit mit mittleren Muskelmassen.

Three groups of untrained males and two groups of untrained women (aged 20...49 years) carried out one-arm cranking with defined loads. All derived parameters of the cardiopulmonary and motor systems showed a load-dependent behaviour. There were sex-differences in heart rate, oxygen uptake and iEMG. The physical endurance limit was determined by 10 watts for males and 5 watts for women.

[The effect of increased environmental temperature on the behavior of physiologic parameters in bicycle ergometry within the scope of the physical endurance limit]. / Einfluss erhöhter Umgebungstemperatur auf das Verhalten physiologischer Parameter bei Fahrradergometerarbeit im Bereich der physischen Dauerleistungsgrenze.

For determination of the endurance limit range, 8 healthy male probands aged between 20 and 26 years loads had carried out for one hour on a bicycle ergometer at an ambient temperature of +20 degrees C, +28 degrees C and +35 degrees C. Staying in an ambient temperature of 35 degrees C leads to a decrease in the physical endurance limit in an order of magnitude of 10 W. At 20 degrees C, in the endurance range the following values result (mean +/- s): load 68+/- 10.3 W, heart rate 113.6 +/- 5.8 beats per min., net heart rate 31.8 +/- 2.4 beats per min., oxygen uptake 1340 +/- 170 ml per min., auditory canal temperature 36.5 +/- 0.24 degrees C, sweat rate 275 +/- 143 g. At 35 degrees C, the endurance limit is attained at the following values: 57 +/- 10.6 W, heart rate 125 +/- 11.8 beats per min., net heart rate 27.4 +/- 3.6 beats per min., oxygen uptake 1210 +/- 130 ml per min., auditory canal temperature 37.2 +/- 0.3 degrees C, sweat rate 577 +/- 96 g.

Changes of the EMG and its relationship to the cardiopulmonary parameters during two-arm cranking of disabled men.

During two-arm cranking in 5 groups of men (able-bodied and leg-disabled with different states of training; wheelchair-dependents with basket-ball training) the behaviour of parameters of the motor and cardiopulmonary system (iEMG, heart rate, oxygen uptake) was investigated. On the basis of stepwise increasing physical work up to exhaustion the group of swimtrained leg-disabled men showed the highest physical working capacity. The lowest physical fitness was found in wheelchair-dependent men.

Sex- and age-related behaviour of the integrated EMG during one-arm cranking.

There are load-dependent increases in the bioelectrical activity (iEMG) of muscles of the shoulder and the right upper extremity and selected parameters of the cardiopulmonary system. At comparable loads the amplitudes of the EMG were higher in the group of men than in the group of women. The iEMG values were found to be higher in the younger group of women than in the older one. The higher values of iEMG of the younger women corresponded to a higher oxygen uptake and higher heart rate as well as to a lower physical endurance. The physical endurance limit (derived from behaviour of the EMG) was estimated at 5 watts (women) and 10 watts (men).