Validation of S100B use in a cohort of Spanish patients with mild traumatic brain injury: a multicentre study.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to validate the S100B protein as a diagnostic tool for ruling out the presence of intracranial lesion (IL) after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Subjects with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15 and at least one neurological symptom post-trauma were selected from a large Spanish cohort. METHODS: A number of 260 patients with mTBI were enrolled. Blood samples were extracted within 6 h and CT scan performed within 24 h post-injury. Blood samples were also drawn from 18 healthy subjects. RESULTS: CT scan revealed the presence of IL in 22 patients (8.5%). Patients with mTBI had higher S100B serum levels (p = 0.008) than the healthy subjects (p < 0.001). The ROC analysis of S100B discriminated between patients with and without IL (AUC: 0.671; 95%CI: 0.574-0.769; p = 0.008). The multivariate analysis identified male gender (OR: 5.39; 95%CI: 1.45-20.10; p = 0.012), age > 65 (OR: 2.97; 95%CI: 1.04-8.44; p = 0.041) and S100B level >0.10 µg/L (OR: 7.93; 95%CI: 1.03-60.76; p = 0.046) as independent risk factors for IL in patients with mTBI. CONCLUSION: Measurement of S100B within 6 h of mTBI accurately predicts risk of IL in patients with a GCS score of 15 and at least one neurological symptom.

IMPACT Score for Traumatic Brain Injury: Validation of the Prognostic Tool in a Spanish Cohort.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this work was to validate the IMPACT (International Mission for Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials in TBI) model in a Spanish cohort of patients with moderate-severe TBI (traumatic brain injury). SETTING: Two level I neurotrauma centers. PARTICIPANTS: Patients admitted to these hospitals between 2011 and 2014 with a diagnosis of TBI and a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 12 or less. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. MAIN MEASURES: We collected prospectively the clinical variables included in the IMPACT models. Outcome evaluation was prospectively done at 6-month follow-up according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale. RESULTS: A total of 290 patients were included in the study. Forty-seven patients (16.2%) died within 6 months post-TBI, and 74 patients (25.5%) had an unfavorable outcome. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test revealed that there was no difference between observed and predicted outcomes; hence, the 3 models displayed adequate calibration for predicting 6-month mortality or unfavorable outcome. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that the 3 models (Core, Extended, and Lab) could accurately discriminate between favorable and unfavorable outcomes, as well as between survival and mortality (P < .001). CONCLUSION: The IMPACT model validates prediction of 6-month outcomes in a Spanish population of moderate-severe TBI. IMPACT Lab model is the one that presents a higher discriminative capacity. These results encourage the implementation of the IMPACT model as a prognostic tool in the management of patients with TBI.

Update in mild traumatic brain injury. / Actualización en el traumatismo craneoencefálico leve.

There has been concern for many years regarding the identification of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) at high risk of developing an intracranial lesion (IL) that would require neurosurgical intervention. The small percentage of patients with these characteristics and the exceptional mortality associated with mild TBI with IL have led to the high use of resources such as computerised tomography (CT) being reconsidered. The various protocols developed for the management of mild TBI are based on the identification of risk factors for IL, which ultimately allows more selective indication or discarding both the CT application and the hospital stay for neurological monitoring. Finally, progress in the study of brain injury biomarkers with prognostic utility in different clinical categories of TBI has recently been incorporated by several clinical practice guidelines, which has allowed, together with clinical assessment, a more accurate prognostic approach for these patients to be established.