Stimulating Electron Delocalization of Lanthanide Elements through High-Entropy Confinement to Promote Electrocatalytic Water Splitting.

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have aroused extensive attention in the field of catalysis. However, due to the integration of multiple active sites in HEA, it exhibits excessive adsorption behavior resulting in difficult desorption of active species from the catalyst surfaces, which hinders the catalytic efficiency. Therefore, adjusting the adsorption strength of the active site in HEA to enhance the catalytic activity is of great importance. By introducing rare-earth (RE) elements into the high-entropy alloy, the delocalization of 4f electrons can be achieved through the interaction between the multimetal active site and RE, which benefits to regulate the adsorption strength of the HEA surface. Herein, the RE Ce-modified hexagonal-close-packed PtRuFeCoNiZn-Ce/C HEAs are synthesized and showed an excellent electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction with ultralow overpotentials of 4, 7 and 156, 132 mV, respectively, to reach 10 mA cm-2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1.0 M KOH solutions, and the assembled water electrolysis cell only requires a voltage of 1.43 V to reach 10 mA cm-2, which is much better than the performance of PtRuFeCoNiZn/C. Combined with the results of in situ attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT), the fundamental reasons for the improvement of catalyst activity come from two aspects: (i) local lattice distortion of HEA caused by the introduction of RE with large atomic radius induces 4f orbital electron delocalization of RE elements and enhances electron exchange between RE and active sites. (ii) The electronegativity difference between the RE element and the active site forms a surface dipole in HEA, which optimizes the adsorption of the active intermediate by the HEA surface site. This study provides an insightful idea for the rational design of high-performance HEA- and RE-based electrocatalysts.

Loureirin C improves mitochondrial function by promoting NRF2 nuclear translocation to attenuate oxidative damage caused by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical syndrome worldwide, with no effective treatment strategy. Renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is one of the main AKI features, and the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during reperfusion causes severe oxidative damage to the kidney. Loureirin C (LC), an active ingredient in the traditional Chinese medicine Chinese dragon's blood, possesses excellent antioxidative properties, but its role in renal IR injury is not clear. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of LC against renal IR injury in vivo and in vitro by establishing a mice renal IR injury model and a human proximal renal tubular epithelial cell (HK-2) hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) model. We found that LC ameliorated renal function and tissue structure injury and inhibited renal oxidative stress and ferroptosis in vivo. In vitro, LC scavenged ROS and attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction in HK-2 cells, thereby inhibiting oxidative cellular injury. Furthermore, we found that LC effectively promoted nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) nuclear translocation and activated downstream target genes heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1) to enhance cellular antioxidant function. Moreover, NRF2 knockdown and pharmacological inhibition of NRF2 partially eliminated the protective effect of LC. These results confirm that LC can effectively inhibit renal IR injury, and the mechanism may be associated with NRF2 activation by LC.

Causal relationship between obesity and anorectal abscess: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Observational studies have indicated that obesity is a risk factor for anorectal abscess (ARB). However, it remains unclear whether a causal genetic relationship exists between obesity and ARB. Methods: Univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MR) were conducted using data from a large, published genome-wide association study (GWAS) of European ancestry to infer a causal relationship between obesity and ARB. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis served as the primary analysis method, with results reported as odds ratios (OR). Results: MR analysis revealed that body mass index (BMI) positively affects ARB (OR 1.974, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.548-2.519, p = 4.34 × 10-8). The weighted median method (OR = 1.879, 95% CI 1.248-2.829, p = 0.002) and Bayesian model averaging (BMA) (OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.477-2.392, p = 2.85 × 10-7) also demonstrated consistent results. Subsequently, the impact of several obesity-related characteristics on ARB was assessed. Body fat percentage (BF), whole body fat mass (FM), waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were found to be causally associated with an increased risk of ARB. However, these associations vanished after adjusting for BMI effects. Conclusion: The study confirms a positive causal effect of obesity on ARB, highlighting that reasonable weight control is an important strategy to reduce the incidence of ARB.

Reverse Hydrogen Spillover on Metal Oxides for Water-Promoted Catalytic Oxidation Reactions.

Understanding the water-involved mechanism on metal oxide surface and the dynamic interaction of water with active sites is crucial in solving water poisoning in catalytic reactions. Herein, this work solves this problem by designing the water-promoted function of metal oxides in the ethanol oxidation reaction. In situ multimodal spectroscopies unveil that the competitive adsorption of water-dissociated *OH species with O2 at Sn active sites results in water poisoning and the sluggish proton transfer in CoO-SnO2 imparts water-resistant effect. Carbon material as electron donor and proton transport channel optimizes the Co active sites and expedites the reverse hydrogen spillover from CoO to SnO2. The water-promoted function arises from spillover protons facilitating O2 activation on the SnO2 surface, leading to crucial *OOH intermediate formation for catalyzing C-H and C-C cleavage. Consequently, the tailored CoO-C-SnO2 showcases a remarkable 60-fold enhancement in ethanol oxidation reaction compared to bare SnO2 under high-humidity conditions.

Triboelectric Nanogenerators: State of the Art.

The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), as a novel energy harvesting technology, has garnered widespread attention. As a relatively young field in nanogenerator research, investigations into various aspects of the TENG are still ongoing. This review summarizes the development and dissemination of the fundamental principles of triboelectricity generation. It outlines the evolution of triboelectricity principles, ranging from the fabrication of the first TENG to the selection of triboelectric materials and the confirmation of the electron cloud overlapping model. Furthermore, recent advancements in TENG application scenarios are discussed from four perspectives, along with the research progress in performance optimization through three primary approaches, highlighting their respective strengths and limitations. Finally, the paper addresses the major challenges hindering the practical application and widespread adoption of TENGs, while also providing insights into future developments. With continued research on the TENG, it is expected that these challenges can be overcome, paving the way for its extensive utilization in various real-world scenarios.

Self-assembled nanoparticles of costunolide and glycyrrhizic acid for enhanced ulcerative colitis treatment.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a persistent inflammatory condition that specifically targets the colon and rectum. Existing therapies fail to adequately address the clinical requirements of people suffering from this ailment. Despite the acknowledged potential of nanomedicines in the field of anti-inflammatory treatment, their widespread use in clinical settings is impeded by their expensive nature and the uncertainty surrounding their safety profiles. This study illustrates that two naturally occurring phytochemicals, Costunolide (COS) and Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), form carrier-free, multifunctional spherical nanoparticles (NPs) through noncovalent interactions, such as π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding. The COS-GA NPs displayed a synergistic anti-inflammatory effect, providing much more evidently improved therapeutic benefits for dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC mice due to more effective reduction in inflammation and oxidative stress than did equal dosages of COS or GA used alone. In addition, COS-GA NPs have biocompatibility and biosafety properties unique to them. This study will serve as affirmation of the potential of COS-GA NPs as innovative natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and also such agents as drug discovery in UC, leading possibly to better outcomes in people living with this disabling condition.

The effect of large channel-based foraminoplasty on lumbar biomechanics in percutaneous endoscopic discectomy: a finite element analysis.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of foraminoplasty using large-channel endoscopy during TESSYS on the biomechanics of the lumbar spine. METHODS: A complete lumbar spine model, M1, was built using 3D finite elements, and models M2 and M3 were constructed to simulate the intraoperative removal of the superior articular process of L5 using a trephine saw with diameters of 5 mm and 8.5 mm, respectively, and applying normal physiological loads on the different models to simulate six working conditions-anterior flexion, posterior extension, left-right lateral bending, and left-right rotation-to investigate the displacement and facet joint stress change of the surgical segment, and the disc stress change of the surgical and adjacent segments. RESULTS: Compared with the M1 model, the M2 and M3 models showed decreased stress at the L4-5 left FJ and a significant increase in stress at the right FJ in forward flexion. In the M2 and M3 models, the L4-5 FJ stresses were significantly greater in left lateral bending or left rotation than in right lateral bending or right rotation. The right FJ stress in M3 was greater during left rotation than that in M2, and that in M2 was greater than that in M1. The L4-5disc stress in the M3 model was greater during posterior extension than that in the M1 and M2 models. The L4-5disc stress in the M3 model was greater in the right rotation than in the M2 model, and that in the M2 model was greater than that in the M1 model. CONCLUSION: Foraminoplasty using large-channel endoscopy could increase the stress on the FJ and disc of the surgical segment, which suggested unnecessary and excessive resection should be avoided in PTED to minimize biomechanical disruption.

Design and Control of a Tendon-Driven Robotic Finger Based on Grasping Task Analysis.

To analyze the structural characteristics of a human hand, data collection gloves were worn for typical grasping tasks. The hand manipulation characteristics, finger end pressure, and finger joint bending angle were obtained via an experiment based on the Feix grasping spectrum. Twelve types of tendon rope transmission paths were designed under the N + 1 type tendon drive mode, and the motion performance of these 12 types of paths applied to tendon-driven fingers was evaluated based on the evaluation metric. The experiment shows that the designed tendon path (d) has a good control effect on the fluctuations of tendon tension (within 0.25 N), the tendon path (e) has the best control effect on the joint angle of the tendon-driven finger, and the tendon path (l) has the best effect on reducing the friction between the tendon and the pulley. The obtained tendon-driven finger motion performance model based on 12 types of tendon paths is a good reference value for subsequent tendon-driven finger structure design and control strategies.

Antitumor efficacy and potential mechanism of FAP-targeted radioligand therapy combined with immune checkpoint blockade.

Radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint blockade holds great promise for synergistic antitumor efficacy. Targeted radionuclide therapy delivers radiation directly to tumor sites. LNC1004 is a fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-targeting radiopharmaceutical, conjugated with the albumin binder Evans Blue, which has demonstrated enhanced tumor uptake and retention in previous preclinical and clinical studies. Herein, we demonstrate that 68Ga/177Lu-labeled LNC1004 exhibits increased uptake and prolonged retention in MC38/NIH3T3-FAP and CT26/NIH3T3-FAP tumor xenografts. Radionuclide therapy with 177Lu-LNC1004 induced a transient upregulation of PD-L1 expression in tumor cells. The combination of 177Lu-LNC1004 and anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy led to complete eradication of all tumors in MC38/NIH3T3-FAP tumor-bearing mice, with mice showing 100% tumor rejection upon rechallenge. Immunohistochemistry, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and TCR sequencing revealed that combination therapy reprogrammed the tumor microenvironment in mice to foster antitumor immunity by suppressing malignant progression and increasing cell-to-cell communication, CD8+ T-cell activation and expansion, M1 macrophage counts, antitumor activity of neutrophils, and T-cell receptor diversity. A preliminary clinical study demonstrated that 177Lu-LNC1004 was well-tolerated and effective in patients with refractory cancers. Further, scRNA-seq of peripheral blood mononuclear cells underscored the importance of addressing immune evasion through immune checkpoint blockade treatment. This was emphasized by the observed increase in antigen processing and presentation juxtaposed with T cell inactivation. In conclusion, our data supported the efficacy of immunotherapy combined with 177Lu-LNC1004 for cancer patients with FAP-positive tumors.

Fairer AI in ophthalmology via implicit fairness learning for mitigating sexism and ageism.

The transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in various fields highlights the need for it to be both accurate and fair. Biased medical AI systems pose significant potential risks to achieving fair and equitable healthcare. Here, we show an implicit fairness learning approach to build a fairer ophthalmology AI (called FairerOPTH) that mitigates sex (biological attribute) and age biases in AI diagnosis of eye diseases. Specifically, FairerOPTH incorporates the causal relationship between fundus features and eye diseases, which is relatively independent of sensitive attributes such as race, sex, and age. We demonstrate on a large and diverse collected dataset that FairerOPTH significantly outperforms several state-of-the-art approaches in terms of diagnostic accuracy and fairness for 38 eye diseases in ultra-widefield imaging and 16 eye diseases in narrow-angle imaging. This work demonstrates the significant potential of implicit fairness learning in promoting equitable treatment for patients regardless of their sex or age.

Intervention with fructooligosaccharides, Saccharomyces boulardii, and their combination in a colitis mouse model.

Objective: To examine the effects of an intervention with fructooligosaccharides (FOS), Saccharomyces boulardii, and their combination in a mouse model of colitis and to explore the mechanisms underlying these effects. Methods: The effects of FOS, S. boulardii, and their combination were evaluated in a DSS-induced mouse model of colitis. To this end, parameters such as body weight, the disease activity index (DAI), and colon length were examined in model mice. Subsequently, ELISA was employed to detect the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Histopathological analysis was performed to estimate the progression of inflammation in the colon. Gas chromatography was used to determine the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the feces of model mice. Finally, 16S rRNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the gut microbiota composition. Results: FOS was slight effective in treating colitis and colitis-induced intestinal dysbiosis in mice. Meanwhile, S. boulardii could significantly reduced the DAI, inhibited the production of IL-1ß, and prevented colon shortening. Nevertheless, S. boulardii treatment alone failed to effectively regulate the gut microbiota. In contrast, the combined administration of FOS/S. boulardii resulted in better anti-inflammatory effects and enabled microbiota regulation. The FOS/S. boulardii combination (109 CFU/ml and 107 CFU/ml) significantly reduced the DAI, inhibited colitis, lowered IL-1ß and TNF-α production, and significantly improved the levels of butyric acid and isobutyric acid. However, FOS/S. boulardii 109 CFU/ml exerted stronger anti-inflammatory effects, inhibited IL-6 production and attenuated colon shortening. Meanwhile, FOS/S. boulardii 107 CFU/ml improved microbial regulation and alleviated the colitis-induced decrease in microbial diversity. The combination of FOS and S. boulardii significantly increased the abundance of Parabacteroides and decreased the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella. Additionally, it promoted the production of acetic acid and propionic acid. Conclusion: Compared with single administration, the combination can significantly increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria and effectively regulate the gut microbiota composition. These results provide a scientific rationale for the prevention and treatment of colitis using a FOS/S. boulardii combination. They also offer a theoretical basis for the development of nutraceutical preparations containing FOS and S. boulardii.

Research on "The Belt and Road Initiative" report of think tank based on theme evolution and identification--Taking 2013-2020 as an example.

China's "the Belt and Road Initiative" (BRI) is a top-level cooperation initiative among countries proposed by China, which has promoted China's cooperation with relevant countries in various aspects and fields. Research reports from think tanks and experts on the evaluation, analysis, and research conclusions of the BRI can reflect the stance, opinions, and demands of various countries abroad regarding the initiative. This paper takes the BRI reports of important think tanks in the " Global Go To Think Tank Index Report 2020" as the subject of its research, and analyzes the key points and development trends of foreign think tank research on the BRI by using text mining, topic evolution, and social network analysis. It provides reasonable suggestions and ideas for promoting the construction of the BRI and deepening related cooperation in China. Research shows that the thematic distribution of research reports on the BRI by think tanks is mainly focused on the fields of politics, economy, and military. The research areas are relatively stable, and there is not a strong trend of thematic evolution. The evolution paths are also mainly distributed in the fields of politics, economy, and military. There are not many expansions in the thematic evolution directions over the years, and there is a strong inheritance of themes. The connection between research themes and the main purpose of the BRI is somewhat inadequate, indicating a certain limitation in the understanding of the BRI.

Superporous sponge prepared by secondary network compaction with enhanced permeability and mechanical properties for non-compressible hemostasis in pigs.

Developing superporous hemostatic sponges with simultaneously enhanced permeability and mechanical properties remains challenging but highly desirable to achieve rapid hemostasis for non-compressible hemorrhage. Typical approaches to improve the permeability of hemostatic sponges by increasing porosity sacrifice mechanical properties and yield limited pore interconnectivity, thereby undermining the hemostatic efficacy and subsequent tissue regeneration. Herein, we propose a temperature-assisted secondary network compaction strategy following the phase separation-induced primary compaction to fabricate the superporous chitosan sponge with highly-interconnected porous structure, enhanced blood absorption rate and capacity, and fatigue resistance. The superporous chitosan sponge exhibits rapid shape recovery after absorbing blood and maintains sufficient pressure on wounds to build a robust physical barrier to greatly improve hemostatic efficiency. Furthermore, the superporous chitosan sponge outperforms commercial gauze, gelatin sponges, and chitosan powder by enhancing hemostatic efficiency, cell infiltration, vascular regeneration, and in-situ tissue regeneration in non-compressible organ injury models, respectively. We believe the proposed secondary network compaction strategy provides a simple yet effective method to fabricate superporous hemostatic sponges for diverse clinical applications.

Association between anti-SSA autoantibodies and conduction disturbances in heart failure.

BACKGROUND: Conduction disturbances play an important role in the occurrence and development of heart failure (HF). Studies suggest autoantibodies may attack the conduction system. However, whether autoantibodies are associated with conduction disturbances in patients with HF is unclear. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess whether anti-SSA, anti-Ro/Sjögren syndrome-related antigen A antibodies known for congenital atrioventricular block (AVB), is associated with conduction disturbances in patients with HF. METHODS: This retrospective observational study used data from patients with HF who were admitted to Beijing Anzhen Hospital between January 2018 and June 2022. Patients who were tested for anti-SSA and had undergone electrocardiographic examination during hospitalization were included. Conduction disturbances, including AVB, bundle branch block (BBB), and intraventricular conduction delay, were confirmed by a cardiologist blinded to anti-SSA status. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between anti-SSA and conduction disturbances. RESULTS: A total of 766 patients were included in this study, of whom 70 (9.1%) were anti-SSA positive. Subjects who were anti-SSA positive showed a higher prevalence of AVB (20% vs 10.6%) and BBB (27.3 % vs 10.9 %), including both left BBB and right BBB (all P <.05). After adjusting for known risk factors, anti-SSA was independently associated with AVB (odds ratio [OR] 2.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-5.43; P = .03) and BBB (OR 3.15; 95% CI 1.68-5.89; P <.001). CONCLUSION: Anti-SSA is independently associated with AVB and BBB in patients with HF. Further study of the role of autoantibodies in the development of conduction abnormalities in patients with HF to generate possible targeted treatments is required.

Exploring the interplay between angiosperm chlorophyll metabolism and environmental factors.

MAIN CONCLUSION: In this review, we summarize how chlorophyll metabolism in angiosperm is affected by the environmental factors: light, temperature, metal ions, water, oxygen, and altitude. The significance of chlorophyll (Chl) in plant leaf morphogenesis and photosynthesis cannot be overstated. Over time, researchers have made significant advancements in comprehending the biosynthetic pathway of Chl in angiosperms, along with the pivotal enzymes and genes involved in this process, particularly those related to heme synthesis and light-responsive mechanisms. Various environmental factors influence the stability of Chl content in angiosperms by modulating Chl metabolic pathways. Understanding the interplay between plants Chl metabolism and environmental factors has been a prominent research topic. This review mainly focuses on angiosperms, provides an overview of the regulatory mechanisms governing Chl metabolism, and the impact of environmental factors such as light, temperature, metal ions (iron and magnesium), water, oxygen, and altitude on Chl metabolism. Understanding these effects is crucial for comprehending and preserving the homeostasis of Chl metabolism.

Ultrasensitive Ratiometric Fluorescent Nanothermometer with Reverse Signal Changes for Intracellular Temperature Mapping.

Sensing temperature at the subcellular level is pivotal for gaining essential thermal insights into diverse biological processes. However, achieving sensitive and accurate sensing of the intracellular temperature remains a challenge. Herein, we develop a ratiometric organic fluorescent nanothermometer with reverse signal changes for the ultrasensitive mapping of intracellular temperature. The nanothermometer is fabricated from a binary mixture of saturated fatty acids with a noneutectic composition, a red-emissive aggregation-caused quenching luminogen, and a green-emissive aggregation-induced emission luminogen using a modified nanoprecipitation method. Different from the eutectic mixture with a single phase-transition point, the noneutectic mixture possesses two solid-liquid phase transitions, which not only allows for reversible regulation of the aggregation states of the encapsulated luminogens but also effectively broadens the temperature sensing range (25-48 °C) across the physiological temperature range. Remarkably, the nanothermometer exhibits reverse and sensitive signal changes, demonstrating maximum relative thermal sensitivities of up to 63.66% °C-1 in aqueous systems and 44.01% °C-1 in the intracellular environment, respectively. Taking advantage of these outstanding thermometric performances, the nanothermometer is further employed to intracellularly monitor minute temperature variations upon chemical stimulation. This study provides a powerful tool for the exploration of dynamic cellular thermal activities, holding great promise in unveiling intricate physiological processes.

Effect of nano-graphene lubricating oil on particulate matter of a diesel engine.

Nano-graphene lubricating oil with appropriate concentration shows excellent performance in reducing friction and wear under different working conditions of diesel engines, and has been widely concerned. Lubricating oil has a significant impact on particulate matter (PM) emissions. At present, there are few studies on the impact of nano-graphene lubricating oil on the physicochemical properties of PM. In order to comprehensively evaluate the impact of nano-graphene lubricating oil on diesel engines, this paper mainly focused on the effects of lubricating oil nano-graphene additives on the particle size distribution and physicochemical properties of PM. The results show that, compared with pure lubricating oil, the total number of nuclear PM and accumulated PM of nano-graphene lubricating oil is significantly increased. The fractal dimension of PM of nano-graphene lubricating oil increases and its structure becomes more compact. The average fringe separation distance of basic carbon particles decreases, the average fringe length increases. The degree of ordering and graphitization of basic carbon particles are higher. The fringe tortuosity of basic carbon particles decreases, and the fluctuation of carbon layer structure of basic carbon particles decreases. Aliphatic substances in PM are basically unchanged, aromatic components and oxygen functional groups increase. The initial PM oxidation temperature and burnout temperature increase, the maximum oxidation rate temperature and combustion characteristic index decrease, and the activation energy increases, making it more difficult to oxidize. This was mainly caused by the higher graphitization degree of PM of nano-graphene lubricating oil and the increased content of aromatic substances.

Epidemiological investigation and diagnostic analysis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in three northeastern provinces of China.

BACKGROUND: In this retrospective case investigation, we analysed the data of patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) to reveal demographic and clinical diagnostic features of ONFH in three northeastern provinces of China and provide a reference for its prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. METHODS: We collected data from patients in Beijing Orthopaedic Hospital of Liaoning, focusing on the aetiology and diagnosis of ONFH. Medical records and self-designed questionnaires were used to collect information for statistical analysis, including age, aetiology, reason for glucocorticoid use, hospital level at first visit, and diagnosis. RESULTS: In total, 906 patients with complete medical records were included in the analysis. The mean patient age was 47.65 ± 12.12 years. The peak age distribution was in the 40s for men and the 50s for women. Among the total cohort, 72 patients (7.95%; 40 men and 32 women) had traumatic ONFH, 198 (21.85%; 131 men and 67 women) had steroid-induced ONFH, 230 (25.39%; 121 men and 109 women) had idiopathic ONFH, and 406 (44.81%; 397 men and 9 women) had alcohol-induced ONFH. Six hundred and twenty patients were diagnosed with ONFH at the first visit, while 286 patients were misdiagnosed, with a diagnosis rate of 68.43%. The diagnosis rate at the first visit in tertiary hospitals was 76.14%. The diagnosis rate at the first visit in second-class hospitals was 52.07%.ONFH was most likely to be misdiagnosed as lumbar disc herniation. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients with ONFH in three northeastern provinces of China were middle-aged, male, and had alcohol-induced ONFH. The misdiagnosis rate of ONFH at the first visit was very high, especially for misdiagnosis of lumbar disc herniation, indicating that the diagnosis of ONFH requires further improvement.

HIF-1α facilitates glioma proliferation and invasion by activating pyroptosis signaling axis.

BACKGROUND: HIF-1α is thought to be a novel regulator which contributes to carcinogenesis. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of HIF-1α in gliomas remains largely unknown. METHODS: In the research, we demonstrate that HIF-lα mRNA and protein levels are elevated in glioma cells. The colony formation assays, transwell assays, and wound-healing assays showed that overexpression of HIF-1α promoted proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. RESULTS: Overexpression of HIF-lα also increased the expression of inflammatory factors related to pyrolysis (TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-1ß) and protein related to pyrolysis signal pathway (NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, GSDMD, and GSDME). CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, we speculate that HIF-1α promotes the proliferation and invasion of glial cells by regulating pyrolysis pathway. These results might provide a novel strategy and target for treatment of glioma.