Emotional Intelligence and Perceived Social Support: Its Relationship with Subjective Well-Being.

The well-being of people is a key aspect of the field of psychology. Hence, it is important to analyse the variables that are related to life satisfaction and happiness as perceived by individuals and that, therefore, increase their overall well-being. The main objective of this study was to analyse the predictive capacity of emotional intelligence and perceived social support on both the level of life satisfaction and perceived happiness. A total of 380 psychology students completed the Trait Meta Mood Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Subjective Happiness Scale. The results show that both emotional intelligence and social support are related to and predictive of subjective happiness and life satisfaction. The importance of developing the components of emotional intelligence and promoting an adequate social network in young people is highlighted.

Relationship between Problematic Smartphone Use, Sleep Quality and Bedtime Procrastination: A Mediation Analysis.

The purpose of this investigation was to study the relationship between sleep quality, problematic smartphone use (PSU) and bedtime procrastination, as well as to assess gender and age differences. A total of 313 participants, aged 18-60 (M = 30 ± 10.1; 53.2% males), completed an online survey between February and May 2023 in Spain. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version and Bedtime Procrastination Scale were used to measure sleep quality, PSU and bedtime procrastination, respectively. Additionally, smartphone use habits were evaluated through self-report questions. Pearson correlations, independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni's post hoc tests and mediation analysis were conducted. Correlation analysis showed positive associations between the three main variables. Independent sample t-tests indicated females were more prone to PSU along with higher overall smartphone use. Post hoc analysis of one-way ANOVA exposed age differences between young adults (18-25 years old), adults (26-44 years old) and middle-aged adults (45-60 years old) in PSU and bedtime procrastination. Finally, mediation analysis revealed that PSU had indirect effects on sleep quality through bedtime procrastination, but no direct effects on sleep quality. Therefore, PSU, and especially bedtime procrastination, should be considered as targets in future campaigns or intervention programs to improve sleep quality among the young Spanish population.

La relación de los factores de personalidad y la conducción agresiva: los Cinco Grandes y la Tríada Oscura / The Relationship between Personality Traits and Aggressive Driving: The Big Five and the Dark Triad

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el papel que los factores de personalidad pertenecientes a los Cinco Grandes y la Tríada Oscura -maquiavelismo, narcisismo y psicopatía- tienen en la conducción agresiva. La muestra se compuso de 318 estudiantes universitarios con permiso de conducir, quienes contestaron a una batería de pruebas que evaluaba los factores de personalidad de los Cinco Grandes (TIPI), la Tríada Oscura (DD) y la conducción agresiva (DAS y DAX). Los análisis de regresión jerárquica controlando las variables de edad y sexo, respaldan la utilidad predictiva de los factores de personalidad de los Cinco Grandes y la Tríada Oscura. Los resultados mostraron cómo la afabilidad, la estabilidad emocional y la apertura a la experiencia predicen de manera significativa diversos aspectos de la conducción agresiva. El maquiavelismo y el narcisismo son predictores significativos de diversas formas de expresión de la ira en la conducción, una vez controlados los efectos de los Cinco Grandes.

Abstract The aim of this paper was to analyze the role that personality traits belonging to the Big Five and the Dark Triad (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) have on aggressive driving. 318 undergraduate students with a driver's license completed a battery of tests assessing Big Five personality traits (TIPI), Dark Triad (DD) and aggressive driving (DAS and DAX). Hierarchical regressions analyses controlling for respondents' age and gender variables supported the predictive utility of the Big Five personality traits and the Dark Triad. Results showed that agreeableness, emotional stability and openness to experience predict various aspects of aggressive driving. Machiavellianism and narcissism are significant predictors of various forms of anger expression in driving after controlling for the effects of the Big Five personality traits.

Problematic Internet Use and Resilience: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Problematic Internet use has become a major problem worldwide due to its numerous negative correlates in the field of health, both mental and physical, and its increasing prevalence, making it necessary to study both its risk and protective factors. Several studies have found a negative relationship between resilience and problematic Internet use, although the results are inconsistent. This meta-analysis assesses the relationship between problematic Internet use and resilience, and analyses its possible moderating variables. A systematic search was conducted in PsycInfo, Web of Science and Scopus. A total of 93,859 subjects from 19 studies were included in the analyses. The results show that there is a statistically-significant negative relationship (r = -0.27 (95% CI [-0.32, -0.22])), without evidence of publication bias. This meta-analysis presents strong evidence of the relationship between the two variables. Limitations and practical implications are discussed.

Validación de cuatro reglas de predicción clínica de la nefropatía inducida por contraste en pacientes llevados a intervención coronaria percutánea / Validation of Four Clinical Risk Scores for Predicting Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

RESUMEN Introducción: La nefropatía inducida por contraste (NIC) es el empeoramiento agudo de la función renal tras administrarse medio de contraste endovenoso, y conlleva una importante carga de morbilidad y mortalidad. Actualmente se cuenta con múltiples reglas clínicas para predecir su desarrollo. El objetivo del presente trabajo es validar cuatro reglas para la predicción de la nefropatía inducida por contraste en pacientes llevados a procedimiento intervencionista coronario percutáneo (ICP) . Material y métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva unicéntrico, que incluyó adultos llevados a ICP entre enero de 2014 y diciembre de 2018. Se excluyeron pacientes en diálisis, los que murieron durante el procedimiento o aquellos de los que no se dispusiera de los datos necesarios para el análisis. Se aplicaron las cuatro reglas de predicción, se obtuvo la puntuación de cada una para cada uno de los pacientes y se calculó el área bajo la curva ROC para el desarrollo de NIC. Resultados: En 785 pacientes se pudo calcular las cuatro reglas; 109 (13,8%) desarrollaron NIC y 14 (1,7%) requirieron diálisis. La media de edad fue 65 años y el 36,1% fueron mujeres. La media de tasa de filtración glomerular fue 69,1 mL/min. La regla de Mehran obtuvo un área bajo la curva de 0,574 para NIC y 0,881 para diálisis; Gao, 0,487 para NIC y 0,831 para diálisis; Lin, 0,572 para NIC y 0,854 para diálisis; y Bartholomew, 0,506 para NIC y 0,754 para diálisis. Conclusiones: La aplicación de las reglas de predicción clínica de Mehran, Gao, Lin y Bartholomew en pacientes llevados a ICP mostró una pobre capacidad de discriminación para la NIC aunque su desempeño fue excelente para predecir la necesidad de diálisis.

ABSTRACT Background: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is the acute deterioration of kidney function after the administration of intravenous contrast media and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Several clinical risk scores to predict CIN are currently available. The aim of the present study is to validate four risk scores for predicting CIN in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-center cohort study including adult patients undergoing PCI between January 2014 and December 2018. Patients on dialysis, those who died during the procedure or lack of necessary data for the analysis were excluded. The four risk scores were estimated for each patient and the area under the ROC curve for the development of CIN was calculated. Results: The four risk scores were calculated in 785 patients; 109 (13.8%) developed CIN and 14 (1.7%) required dialysis. Mean age was 65 years and 36.1% were women. Mean glomerular filtration rate was 69.1 mL/min. The areas under the curve for each risk score to predict CIN and dialysis were: Mehran 0.574 and 0.881, respectively; Gao, 0.487 and 0.831; Lin, 0.572 and 0.854; and Bartholomew, 0.506 and 0.754. Conclusions: The use of the Mehran, Gao, Lin, and Bartholomew risk scores in patients undergoing PCI showed poor discriminatory ability for CIN, although their performance was excellent for predicting the need for dialysis.

Aneurismas de los senos de Valsalva / Aneurysms of the sinuses of Valsalva

Los aneurismas del seno de Valsalva son anomalías poco frecuentes que pueden ser de carácter congénito o adquirido, y pueden ser intervenibles o no acorde con la presentación clínica. Se expone el caso de un paciente joven sin antecedentes cardiovasculares de importancia, que consulta por cuadro de dolor torácico y en quien se documenta de manera temprana aneurisma del seno de Valsalva asociado con insuficiencia mitral. Se intervino quirúrgicamente y fue dado de alta a los 90 días de la cirugía con evolución clínica favorable y remisión de la sintomatología cardiovascular.

Sinus of Valsalva aneurysms are rare anomalies that can be congenital or acquired, and may be surgically intervened or not, based on their clinical presentation. We present the case of a young patient without a significant cardiovascular history who consults for chest pain and in to whom a sinus of Valsalva aneurysm associated with mitral insufficiency was documented early. He was operated and discharged 90 days after surgery with favorable clinical evolution and remission of cardiovascular symptoms.

The unexpected effect of vacancies and wrinkling on the electronic properties of MoS2 layers.

We report a combined experimental/theoretical approach to study the connection of S-vacancies and wrinkling on MoS2 layers, and how this feature produces significant changes in the electronic structure and reactivity of this 2D material. The MoS2 material, when used as a catalyst in operative conditions, was found to be mainly composed of thin and short 1-5 layer sheets instead of a poorly crystalline structure, as it was previously assumed. Notably wrinkled structures with S-vacancies were also found through transmission electron microscopy. Atomistic simulations revealed a natural connection between sulfur-vacancies, wrinkling and folding. Density functional calculations further revealed that such curved structures present a lower electronic band-gap and a higher reactivity towards thiophene compared to the planar MoS2 counterpart.

Gender and age distribution of motorcycle crashes in Spain.

This study analysed motorcycle crashes in Spain. Ninety-nine thousand three hundred and four motorcycle crash reports filed in the years 2006-2011 were extracted from the Directorate General of Traffic database of crashes with victims. These data were analysed in terms of gender, age groups, trip purpose, type of crash, speed violation, day of the week, harm caused, use of helmet and psychophysical conditions of the driver to study the characteristics of motorcycle crashes in Spain and to assess the differences between male and female motorcycle drivers in these crashes. Significant differences were found in all the variables considered in the study, which implies gender differences in the profile of the injured motorcycle driver. The severity of motorcycle crashes suffered by male drivers is higher than that of women. These results corroborate the need to develop measures differentiated by gender, based on their profile.

Incidencia y factores de riesgo asociados con nefropatía inducida por medios de contraste en procedimientos intervencionistas de cardiología / Incidence and risk factors of contrast-induced nephropathy in interventional cardiology procedures

Introducción: la nefropatía inducida por medios de contraste (NIC) es la injuria secundaria a la exposición en procedimientos diagnósticos e intervencionistas. Representa la tercera causa de insuficiencia renal aguda hospitalaria. Esta investigación buscó establecer factores de riesgo para NIC en cateterismo cardiaco izquierdo (CCI) en pacientes hospitalizados en el Hospital de San José de Bogotá, durante tres años. Métodos: estudio de cohorte retrospectiva en pacientes con CCI y exposición a medios de contraste y estrategias de nefroprotección con líquidos, bicarbonato o N-acetilcisteína. Se incluyeron todos los atendidos entre 2014 y 2016. Se definió la NIC como el aumento de 0,5 mg/dL de creatinina en 72 horas o del 25% de la basal. De 495 pacientes, se excluyeron 15 con hemodiálisis previa. Se tomaron registros clínicos electrónicos realizando análisis estadístico multivariado. Se utilizó el paquete estadístico stata 13. Resultados: en 480 pacientes la incidencia de NIC fue 13,1%; tener una hemoglobina mayor 13 gr/dL en hombres, fue un factor protector para NIC OR: 0,29 (p=0.004). La creatinina basal mayor de 1,5 mg/dL aumentó el riesgo de NIC OR: 2,56 (IC 95: 1,35-4,85; p=0.004), así como la coexistencia de diabetes y enfermedad renal crónica OR: 2,73 (IC 95: 1,25 ­ 5.95; p=0,005). Otros factores como edad, falla cardiaca, volumen de contraste, IAM anterior y estrategias de nefroprotección, no mostraron asociación significativa. En relación con NIC la incidencia de muerte fue 9,5% y hemodiálisis 2,5%. Conclusiones: la incidencia de NIC se asocia con aumento de la mortalidad; los factores de riesgo asociados fueron creatinina >1.5 mg/dL y diabetes más enfermedad renal crónica. La hemoglobina normal en hombres se asoció con efecto protector.

Introduction: contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is the acute kidney injury following diagnostic or interventional procedures. It is the third cause of hospital-acquired acute renal insufficiency. This research intended to establish the risk factors for developing CIN in hospitalized patients undergoing coronary angiography at Hospital de San José of Bogotá, during a 3-year period. Methods: a retrospective study in a cohort of CIN patients following contrast exposure and prophylactic strategies as hydration, sodium bicarbonate or N-acetylcysteine. Patients seen between 2014 and 2016 were included. CIN is defined as an elevation of serum creatinine of 0.5 mg/dL or by 25% from baseline within the first 72 hours after contrast administration. Of 495 patients, 15 were excluded for prior hemodialysis. Stata 13 was used for clinical data recording and multivariate statistical analysis. Results: in 480 patients CIN incidence was 13.1%; a hemoglobin value greater than 13 gr/dL showed to be a protective factor for CIN in men: 0.29 (p=0.004). The presence of risk factors as baseline creatinine greater than 1.5 mg/dL OR: 2.56 (IC 95: 1.35-4.85; p=0.004), and chronic renal insufficiency and diabetes mellitus OR: 2.73 (IC 95: 1.25 ­ 5.95; p=0,005) increased CIN prevalence. Other factors such as age, cardiac dysfunction, volume of contrast agent used, prior acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the use of nephronprotective strategies showed no significant association. CIN-related mortality was 9.5% and hemodialysis-related mortality was 2.5%. Conclusions: the incidence of CIN was associated with an increase in mortality; contributing risk factors were baseline creatinine greater than 1.5 mg/dL, pre-existent chronic renal insufficiency and diabetes mellitus. A normal hemoglobin value showed to be a protective factor in men.

Application of polymersomes engineered to target p32 protein for detection of small breast tumors in mice.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the deadliest form of breast cancer and its successful treatment critically depends on early diagnosis and therapy. The multi-compartment protein p32 is overexpressed and present at cell surfaces in a variety of tumors, including TNBC, specifically in the malignant cells and endothelial cells, and in macrophages localized in hypoxic areas of the tumor. Herein we used polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone polymersomes that were affinity targeted with the p32-binding tumor penetrating peptide LinTT1 (AKRGARSTA) for imaging of TNBC lesions. A tyrosine residue was added to the peptide to allow for 124I labeling and PET imaging. In a TNBC model in mice, systemic LinTT1-targeted polymersomes accumulated in early tumor lesions more than twice as efficiently as untargeted polymersomes with up to 20% ID/cc at 24 h after administration. The PET-imaging was very sensitive, allowing detection of tumors as small as ∼20 mm3. Confocal imaging of tumor tissue sections revealed a high degree of vascular exit and stromal penetration of LinTT1-targeted polymersomes and co-localization with tumor-associated macrophages. Our studies show that systemic LinTT1-targeted polymersomes can be potentially used for precision-guided tumor imaging and treatment of TNBC.

[Demography of Caulerpa paspaloides var. wudermanni (Bryopsidales: Caulerpaceae) in the coastal zone of Campeche, México]. / Demografía de Caulerpa paspaloides var. wudermannii (Bryopsidales: Caulerpaceae) en la zona costera de Campeche, México.

Demography of Caulerpa paspaloides var. wudermanni (Bryopsidales: Caulerpaceae) in the coastal zone of Campeche, México. The subaquatic vegetation of Los Petenes, Campeche, Mexico, stands out due to its considerable floristic diversity, composed of a great variety of sea grasses and several species of the genus Caulerpa sp. This is a genus of ecological relevance, with the invasive species in the Mediterranean, with negative impact on several native sub-aquatic plants; nevertheless, little is known about the demography and population dynamics of Caulerpa species and their contribution to food webs. Thus the main objective of this study was to describe the demographics of Caulerpa paspaloides var. wudermanni, using the number of stolons, complete and incomplete fronds, the diameter of the stolons and the biomass. The information was used to determine the growth rate (lambda) of this species. The study was conducted in the Biosphere Reserve of Los Petenes, which is located in the Northwest of the state of Campeche. The submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in the Petenes Biosphere consists of monospecific and mixed populations of seagrass species (Thalassia testudinum, Halodule wrightii and Syringodium filiforme). Although chlorophytes, brown algae and red algae, are fundamental elements in the specific composition of the SAV in Petenes, several species of Caulerpa are prominent because of their coverage and abundance. In May and June of 2010, significant differences in the quantity of stolons, their diameter, incomplete and complete fronds, and the size of the stolons and rhizomes, were observed. In 2010, the finite population growth rate (lambda) was 2.38 +/- 0.1571 for individuals and 1.20 +/- 0.1356 for the population, and in 2011 the values of lambda were 1.80 +/- 0.3608 and 1.35 +/- 0.1571, respectively. From these results it can be concluded that the population is growing; however, growth is controlled by biotic and abiotic factors. Despite there was no apparent threat, we suggest continuing the demographic studies of C. paspaloides var. wurdemannii, as well as of other species of the same genus, not only to detect invasion or explosive growth, but also their presence indicated low oxygen levels and high sulphates.

Demografía de Caulerpa paspaloides var. Wudermannii (Bryopsidales: Caulerpaceae) en la zona costera de Campeche, México / Demography of Caulerpa paspaloides var. wudermanni (Bryopsidales: Caulerpaceae) in the coastal zone of Campeche, México

The subaquatic vegetation of Los Petenes, Campeche, Mexico, stands out due to its considerable floristic diversity, composed of a great variety of sea grasses and several species of the genus Caulerpa sp. This is a genus of ecological relevance, with the invasive species in the Mediterranean, with negative impact on several native sub-aquatic plants; nevertheless, little is known about the demography and population dynamics of Caulerpa species and their contribution to food webs. Thus the main objective of this study was to describe the demographics of Caulerpa paspaloides var. wudermanni, using the number of stolons, complete and incomplete fronds, the diameter of the stolons and the biomass. The information was used to determine the growth rate (λ) of this species. The study was conducted in the Biosphere Reserve of Los Petenes, which is located in the Northwest of the state of Campeche. The submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in the Petenes Biosphere consists of monospecific and mixed populations of seagrass species (Thalassia testudinum, Halodule wrightii and Syringodium filiforme). Although chlorophytes, brown algae and red algae, are fundamental elements in the specific composition of the SAV in Petenes, several species of Caulerpa are prominent because of their coverage and abundance. In May and June of 2010, significant differences in the quantity of stolons, their diameter, incomplete and complete fronds, and the size of the stolons and rhizomes, were observed. In 2010, the finite population growth rate (λ) was 2.38±0.1571 for individuals and 1.20±0.1356 for the population, and in 2011 the values of λ were 1.80±0.3608 and 1.35±0.1571, respectively. From these results it can be concluded that the population is growing; however, growth is controlled by biotic and abiotic factors. Despite there was no apparent threat, we suggest continuing the demographic studies of C. paspaloides var. wurdemannii, as well as of other species of the same genus, not only to detect invasion or explosive growth, but also their presence indicated low oxygen levels and high sulphates. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (2): 729-741. Epub 2014 June 01.

La vegetación subacuática de Los Petenes, Campeche, México, se destaca por su gran diversidad florística, compuesto por una gran variedad de pastos marinos y varias especies del género Caulerpa sp. Caulerpa es un género de relevancia ecológica, con especies como la Caulerpa taxifolia, que es invasiva en el Mediterráneo, con un impacto negativo en varias plantas sub-acuáticas nativas, pero poco se sabe acerca de la demografía y la dinámica poblacional de las especies de Caulerpa y su contribución a las redes alimenticias. El objetivo general es conocer la demografía de Caulerpa sp., por medio del número de estolones, frondas completas e incompletas, el diámetro de los estolones y la biomasa. El estudio se realizó en la Reserva de la Biosfera de Los Petenes, en Campeche, México. La Vegetación Acuática Sumergida (VAS) en la Biosfera de los Petenes está constituida por poblaciones tanto monoespecíficas como mixtas de las especies de pastos marinos Thalassia testudinum, Halodule wrightii y Syringodium filiforme. Aunque las especies de algas clorófitas, feofitas y rodófitas son elementos fundamentales de la VAS, destacan por su cobertura y abundancia las especies de Caulerpa. En mayo y junio del 2010, hubo diferencias significativas de la cantidad de estolones, su diámetro, frondas completas e incompletas y el tamaño de los estolones como el de los ejes erectos. En el 2010 el valor de la tasa finita de crecimiento poblacional (l) fue de 2.38±0.15 con el método de las marcas y con el de la biomasa 1.20±0.13 y en el 2011 los valores fueron de 1.80±0.36 con las marcas y de 1.35±0.15 con la biomasa. Los resultados indican que la población está creciendo, pero es controlada por factores bióticos y abióticos. A pesar de que no se detecta la especie como una amenaza aparente, sugerimos que se continúen estos estudios demográficos sobre C. paspaloides var. wurdemannii e incluso de otras especies del mismo género. No solo para detectar una invasión o un crecimiento explosivo, sino porque la presencia de estas especies no indican condiciones bajas en oxígeno y altas en sulfatos.

IL-24 gene polymorphisms are associated with cardiometabolic parameters and cardiovascular risk factors but not with premature coronary artery disease: the genetics of atherosclerotic disease Mexican study.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multifactorial and polygenic disorder that results from an excessive inflammatory response. We analyzed whether interleukin-24 (IL-24) gene polymorphisms are associated with premature CAD in a case-control association study. Four polymorphisms (rs1150253, rs1150256, rs1150258, and rs3762344) of the IL-24 gene were analyzed by 5' exonuclease TaqMan genotyping assays in a group of 952 patients with premature CAD, 284 individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis (SA), and 912 controls. The studied polymorphisms were not associated with the risk of premature CAD or SA (P>0.05). Under dominant models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and medication, the polymorphisms were associated with cardiometabolic parameters and cardiovascular risk factors. Three polymorphisms (rs1150253, rs1150256, and rs3762344) were associated with hypertension and increased levels of systolic blood pressure in controls. In SA, 2 polymorphisms (rs1150256 and rs3762344) were associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase, whereas rs1150253 was associated with GGT and type 2 diabetes mellitus and rs1150258 with GGT and alkaline phosphatase. In premature CAD, the 4 polymorphisms were associated with total cholesterol >200 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and GGT, whereas rs1150256 was associated also with ApoA. On the other hand, rs1150258 was associated with ApoA, LDL-C >100 mg/dL, and apoB/apoA ratio, and rs3762344 with ApoA, apoB/apoA ratio, LDL-C >100 mg/dL, and total cholesterol. On the basis of single-nucleotide polymorphism functional prediction software, rs1150253 and rs1150258 polymorphisms seem to be functional. The 4 studied polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium and had a similar haplotype distribution in patients and controls. Our study demonstrates the association of IL-24 polymorphisms with metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with premature CAD, SA, and controls.

[Hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL cholesterol as high impact factors for metabolic syndrome diagnosis in apparently healthy adults]. / Hipertrigliceridemia e hipoalfalipoproteinemia. Su impacto para diagnosticar síndrome metabólico.

OBJECTIVE: to determine the impact of lipid serum abnormalities and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in healthy adults. METHODS: a cross-sectional, prospective and observational study in apparently healthy adults aged 20 to 60 years who had at least three of the following criteria: abdominal obesity (waist circumference > 102 cm in men and > 88 cm in women), triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol < 40 mg/dL in men and < 50 mg/dL in women, blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg and fasting glucose ≥ 110 mg/dL). RESULTS: the prevalence of MS was 20 %, being higher in women (67.7 %) than men (32.3 %). However, no dependence was found with gender (χ(2)= 2.059, p = 0.151). The age range with a higher prevalence of was 45-49 years. Low HDL cholesterol [HR = 11,059 (3.559, 34.610) p < 0.01], was present in 67.9 % of women and hypertriglyceridemia [HR = 15.53 (4.975, 48.513) p < 0.01] was present in 60.5 % of men. CONCLUSIONS: the results suggested that hypertriglyceridemia and hypoalphalipoproteinemia are high impact factors for MS in adults.

Dolor músculo-esquelético en alumnos de postgrado en rehabilitación oral de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad del Desarrollo-Concepción: estudio piloto / Muskulosketal pain in postgraduate students on oral rehabilitation of the Dental School from the Universidad del Desarrollo-Concepción: pilot study

Las enfermedades laborales son un problema de Salud Pública debido a la adopción de posiciones inadecuadas para el desempeño laboral. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de dolor músculo-esquelético a través del método denominado Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) en sujetos odontólogos alumnos, pertenecientes al Postgrado de Rehabilitación Oral de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad del Desarrollo en Concepción. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron 14 sujetos (9: hombres, 5: mujeres) a través del método RULA posterior a la aplicación de una encuesta para conocer la prevalencia e intensidad de dolor músculo-esquelético. Resultados: De un total de 14 sujetos evaluados, según el método ergonómico RULA, seis presentaron un nivel de actuación de 4, cuatro un nivel de actuación de 3 y cuatro un nivel de actuación de 2. Conclusiones: Los alumnos evaluados presentan una alta prevalencia de dolor músculo esquelético.

Workplace illnesses are matter of public health, due to the adoption of improper postures to work. Target: To establish the muskuloskeletal level of pain through a procedure called Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) in subjects, dentist students, belonging to the post grade of oral rehabilitation from the dental school of the Universidad del Desarrollo in Concepción. Materials and methods: 14 Subjects were tested (9: men, 5 women) using the RULA method after the implementation of a survey, oriented to know the prevalence and intensity of the muskuloskeletal pain. Results: From a total of 14 evaluated subjects, according to the RULA ergonomic method, six presented and action level of 4, four of them an action level of 3 and four presented an action level of 2. Conclusion: The tested students presented a high prevalence of muskuloskeletal pain.

Comportamiento de factores pronósticos clínicos y demográficos relacionados con el traumatismo craneoencefálico / Behavior of clinical and demographic factors related to cranioencephalic trauma

OBJETIVO: determinar el comportamiento de factores pronósticos clínicos y demográficos en pacientes con traumatismo craneoencefálico. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio observacional de pacientes con diagnóstico de traumatismo craneoencefálico en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Militar Central Dr. Carlos J. Finlay durante un año. Se utilizó la escala evolutiva de Glasgow. La serie de casos estuvo constituida por 35 pacientes. RESULTADOS: el 85,7 por ciento correspondió al sexo masculino y tuvo peor evolución (riesgo relativo > 1, sensibilidad de 88 por ciento, especificidad 50 por ciento); el 71,4 por ciento tenían edades entre 16 y 45 años. El 94,3 por ciento de los pacientes presentó mala evolución, de ellos el 74,3_ por ciento falleció, el 5,71 por ciento evolucionó hacia estado vegetativo, el 14,3 por ciento quedó con discapacidad grave y el 5,71 por ciento concluyó con discapacidad moderada. El riesgo relativo fue mayor de 1 en la hipotensión arterial, la puntuación menor de 8 puntos en la escala de coma de Glasgow al ingreso, y la presencia de hematoma yuxtadural con contusiones cerebrales o sin estas y focos hemorrágicos; los valores de sensibilidad y especificidad fueron significativos en estas variables. CONCLUSIONES: la mayoría de los pacientes correspondió al sexo masculino con edades entre 16 y 45 años. Los factores relacionados con mala evolución al egreso fueron: la hipotensión arterial, la puntuación menor de 8 puntos al ingreso en la escala de coma de Glasgow, la presencia de algún tipo de hematoma yuxtadural. Casi todos los pacientes tuvieron 8 puntos o menos en la escala de coma de Glasgow, y ninguno puntaje de 5 para la escala evolutiva de Glasgow

OBJECTIVE: to determine the behaviour of clinical and demographic prognostic factors in patients presenting with cranioencephalic trauma. METHODS: a observational study was performed in patients diagnosed with cranioencephalic trauma in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Dr. Carlos J. Finlay Central Military Hospital during one year. The Glasgow's evolutionary scale was used. Case series included 35 patients. RESULTS: the 85,7 percent corresponded to male sex and it had a poor course (relative risk > 1, 88 percent sensitivity, 50 percent specificity); the 71,4 percent aged 16 and 45, the 5.71 evolved to vegetative state, the 14,3 percent showed a severe inability, and the 5,71 percent concluded with a moderate inability. The relative risk was over 1 in the arterial hypotension, the lowest scoring of 8 points in Glasgow's coma scale at admission and the presence of juxta-dural hematoma with cerebral contusions or not and hemorrhagic foci; sensitivity and specificity values were significant in these variables. CONCLUSIONS: most of the patients corresponded to male sex aged 16 and 45. Factors related to a poor course at discharge included: arterial hypotension, scoring under 8 points at admission in Glasgow's coma scale, presence of some type of juxta-dural hematoma. Almost all patients had 8 points or less in above mentioned scale and none had a scoring of 5 in the Glasgow's evolutionary scale

Synchrotron and simulations techniques applied to problems in materials science: catalysts and Azul Maya pigments.

Development of synchrotron techniques for the determination of the structure of disordered, amorphous and surface materials has exploded over the past 20 years owing to the increasing availability of high-flux synchrotron radiation and the continuing development of increasingly powerful synchrotron techniques. These techniques are available to materials scientists who are not necessarily synchrotron scientists through interaction with effective user communities that exist at synchrotrons such as the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory. In this article the application of multiple synchrotron characterization techniques to two classes of materials defined as 'surface compounds' is reviewed. One class of surface compounds are materials like MoS(2-x)C(x) that are widely used petroleum catalysts, used to improve the environmental properties of transportation fuels. These compounds may be viewed as 'sulfide-supported carbides' in their catalytically active states. The second class of 'surface compounds' are the 'Maya blue' pigments that are based on technology created by the ancient Maya. These compounds are organic/inorganic 'surface complexes' consisting of the dye indigo and palygorskite, common clay. The identification of both surface compounds relies on the application of synchrotron techniques as described here.

Infrared study of CO adsorbed on Pd/Al2O3-ZrO2. Effect of zirconia added by impregnation.

Characterization of palladium catalysts, supported on alumina and alumina modified by zirconia added by impregnation, was performed by CO adsorption from 143 to 298 K and monitored by infrared spectroscopy. It was found that the population of the Al3+ octahedral sites in the alumina decreased by the addition of zirconia. In contrast to the case of the pure alumina support, where stabilization of Pd+ was observed, Pd2+ was formed preferentially on samples where zirconia was added, and higher crystallinity in the metallic palladium was observed. Studies of CO adsorption at low temperatures (143 K) gave a better description of the surface species, since at higher temperatures (298 K) the reaction of the CO with some of the palladium oxide particles led to the partial reduction of the latter.

Tratamiento laparoscópico de litiasis biliar / Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Los autores analizan en forma retrospectiva 154 colecistectomías laparoscópicas realizadas en la Clínica Quirúrgica 3 del Hospital Maciel en el período comprendido entre setiembre de 1996 y setiembre de 1998. El 96,7 por ciento correspondieron al sexo femenino y sólo el 3.3 por ciento al masculino. El promedio de edad fue 45 años con una mínima de 14 y una máxima de 77 años. Todos los pacientes se operaron de coordinación. Veinticinco pacientes tenían colecistitis aguda y siete subaguda. Cuatro tenían litiasis coledociana. La colecistectomía se realizó con la técnica americana en todos los pacientes. La colangiografía transcística se efectuó selectivamente en 15 casos, cuando hubo sospecha de litiasis coledociana. La mayoría de los procedimientos (60,3 por ciento fueron) realizados por asistentes de Clínica Quirúrgica. La conversión a cirugía abierta se hizo en 7 pacientes (4,5 por ciento). Hubo dos lesiones de la vía biliar principal (1,2 por ciento). La mortalidad de la serie fue nula. Se reoperaron 4 pacientes (2,5 por ciento en el posoperatorio inmediato y en un solo caso alejado. Se concluye que en base a la experiencia realizada en nuestro Servicio, la colecistectomía laparoscópica es un procedimiento seguro en la gran mayoría de los pacientes portadores de litiasis de la vía biliar accesoria

Senos paranasales: protocolarización de estudios mediante TC preliminares a cirugía endoscópica funcional / Paranasal sinuses: CT before endoscopic functional surgery

La propuesta de este estudio surge a partir de la necesidad de puntualizar, en el estudio tomográfico de los SPN, detalles anatómicos que faciliten el trazado de la ruta a seguir en la cirugía endoscópica funcional. Se diseñó un protocolo específico de estudio de SPN y complejo ostiomeatal (COM), con cortes axiales y coronales (en prono) que incluye la obtención de tres medidas anatómicas. La información que aporta este trabajo no solamente apunta a una mera descripción anatómica, también está destinado al trazado de una ruta endoscópica a seguir para evitar las probables complicaciones que puedan surgir durante la cirugía, por el desconocimiento de un sinnúmero de variantes anatómicas de cada paciente o por insuficiencias de datos que, para tales fines, aportan los estudios habitualmente realizados