Indium tin oxide nanorod electrodes for polymer photovoltaics.

We have deposited indium tin oxide (ITO) nanorods on glass and glass/ITO substrates by DC sputtering and by e-beam deposition. The properties of the nanorods deposited by different methods and on different substrates have been investigated. The ITO nanorods were also used as an electrode in bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells. We found that the nanorod morphology and sheet resistance had a significant effect on the solar cell performance, with significant improvements in the efficiency compared to commercial ITO film substrates in all cases except for e-beam deposited nanorods on glass that had high sheet resistance. The best power conversion efficiency achieved was 3.2 % (for sputtered ITO nanorods on ITO), compared to 2.1 % for commercial ITO substrates.

Polymer solar cells based on very narrow-bandgap polyplatinynes with photocurrents extended into the near-infrared region.

The synthesis, characterization and photophysics of some solution-processable intensely coloured polyplatinynes functionalized with the thienopyrazine-thiophene hybrid spacer and their model molecular complexes are described. These metallated polymers possess extremely low bandgaps of 1.47-1.50 eV, which extend towards the near-infrared (NIR) range of the solar spectrum, and represent the lowest optical bandgaps ever reported for metallopolyynes in the literature. Both polymers can be used to fabricate efficient solar cells with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 0.63% under air mass (AM1.5) simulated solar illumination, and the possibility of covering the 600-900 nm solar-radiation range to harvest photocurrent has been demonstrated. The influence of the thienyl core as well as its substituent group, on the optical and photovoltaic behavior of these metallopolymers was investigated in detail. The power dependencies of the solar cell parameters (including the short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, fill-factor and PCE) were also studied. The present work offers an attractive avenue towards conjugated materials with broad solar absorptions and demonstrates the potential of metallopolyynes for both visible and NIR light power generation.