Oral Pyogenic Granuloma: A Narrative Review.

Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a benign vascular lesion found predominantly in the oral cavity. Characterized by rapid growth and propensity to bleed, PG presents diagnostic challenges due to its similarity and alarming proliferation. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and management of oral PG, with emphasis on recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The epidemiology of the injury is meticulously analyzed, revealing a higher incidence in women and a wide range of ages of onset. It delves into the etiopathogenesis, highlighting the uncertainty surrounding the exact causal factors, although historical attributions suggest an infectious origin. It exhaustively analyzes the clinical and histopathological aspects of oral PG, offering information on its various presentations and the importance of an accurate diagnosis to guide effective treatment. It details treatment strategies, emphasizing the personalized approach based on individual patient characteristics. This comprehensive review consolidates current knowledge on oral PG, highlighting the need for further research to clarify its pathogenesis and optimize treatment protocols.

Unusual clinical presentation of oral pyogenic granuloma with severe alveolar bone loss: A case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a localized, reddish and vascularized hyperplastic lesion of the connective tissue which occurs in the oral cavity. In most cases, the presence of this lesion does not show alveolar bone resorption. The pathology is diagnosed clinically with some caution. However, the diagnosis and treatment are usually corroborated with histopathological evidence. CASE SUMMARY: Three clinical cases of PG associated with bone loss were described in this study. The three patients presented tumor-like growth which bled on touch, and were associated with local irritant factors. Radiographs showed bone loss. All cases were treated with conservative surgical excision. The scarring was satisfactory, and there was no case of recurrence. The diagnoses were based on clinical findings, and were confirmed histopathologically. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of oral PG with bone loss is unusual. Therefore, clinical and radiographic evaluations are important for the diagnosis.

Gingival enlargement induced by cyclosporine in Medullary aplasia: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive agent used effectively for treatment of a rare haematological disorder known as medullary aplasia. This drug prevents several side effects, including gingival enlargement (GE) which compromises aesthetics, phonetics and chewing, and also predisposes patients to periodontitis. CASE SUMMARY: This clinical case reports a 41-year-old woman who presented with cyclosporine-induced GE with underlying periodontitis and medullary aplasia. The management of the disease was approached through multidisciplinary strategy which allowed for accurate diagnosis and a strategic treatment based on the systemic condition and severity of oral pathology. The diagnosis was confirmed through histopathological analysis. The treatment was carried out in phases: Initial (oral hygiene motivation, mechanical supragingival plaque control, and non-surgical therapy); systemic treatment, corrective treatment, and maintenance. CONCLUSION: Multidisciplinary management of cyclosporine-induced GE and medullary aplasia allows for correct diagnosis and effective treatment of this pathological expression through a phased therapeutic approach.

Oral Antiseptics against SARS-CoV-2: A Literature Review.

Dentists are health care workers with the highest risk of exposure to COVID-19, because the oral cavity is considered to be a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The identification of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva, the generation of aerosols, and the proximity to patients during dental procedures are conditions that have led to these health care workers implementing additional disinfection strategies for their protection. Oral antiseptics are widely used chemical substances due to their ability to reduce the number of microorganisms. Although there is still no evidence that they can prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, some preoperative oral antiseptics have been recommended as control measures, by different health institutions worldwide, to reduce the number of microorganisms in aerosols and droplets during dental procedures. Therefore, this review presents the current recommendations for the use of oral antiseptics against SARS-CoV-2 and analyzes the different oral antiseptic options used in dentistry.

Higiene oral deficiente como factor de riesgo de cáncer oral / Poor oral hygiene as a risk factor for oral cancer

Introducción: Los principales factores de riesgo con los que se asocia el carcinoma oral de células escamosas son el hábito de tabaco y alcohol. La inflamación también es un factor de riesgo importante en el desarrollo del cáncer, ésta posiblemente inducida por el acúmulo de bacterias que se refleja en la placa bacteriana (biofilm microbiano) y posterior cálculo dental debido a una higiene oral deficiente. Objetivo: Asociar la higiene oral deficiente como factor de riesgo del carcinoma oral de células escamosas. Material y métodos: Estudio de casos y controles en el que se utilizó el índice de higiene oral simplificado para biofilm y cálculo como instrumento de medida. Se registraron los hábitos de tabaco y alcohol. El riesgo fue estimado obteniendo Odds Ratio y la significancia estadística fue tomada con base a χ2. Resultados: La higiene oral deficiente con altos niveles de placa bacteriana fue identificada como factor de riesgo de carcinoma oral de células escamosas, los factores de riesgo conocidos (tabaco y alcohol) fueron también identificados en nuestra población; sin embargo, el riesgo fue menor en contraste con la higiene oral deficiente. Conclusión: La higiene oral deficiente es un factor de riesgo significativo que contribuye a la presencia de cáncer oral y puede ser mayor en comparación con el consumo de tabaco y alcohol.

Efficacy of clindamycin compared with amoxicillin-metronidazole after a 7-day regimen in the treatment of periodontitis in patients with diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of clindamycin compared with amoxicillin-metronidazole after a 7-day regimen during nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial, a total of 42 patients with chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes were included. Patients were randomly assigned to treatment with either clindamycin or amoxicillin-metronidazole three times a day during 7 days. Clinical determinations (probing depth, bleeding on probe, and plaque index) were performed to determine the extent and severity of periodontitis before and after the pharmacological treatment. RESULTS: After 7 days of administration of clindamycin or amoxicillin-metronidazole, no differences were observed between the clinical determinations, probing depth (0.44 vs 0.50 mm, p=0.624), plaque index (17.62 vs 15.88%, p=0.910), and bleeding on probing (16.12 vs 22.17%, p=0.163), respectively. There were no adverse events in either group. CONCLUSION: The administration during 7 days of clindamycin or amoxicillin/metronidazole showed the same efficacy for the reduction of probing depth, plaque index, and bleeding on probing in patients with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes.