Development of type 2 diabetes risk assessment model for Turkish society.

Purpose: The study was conducted to develop a risk assessment tool to determine the Turkish population's risk of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes. Methods: The study was carried out in a methodological design. A total of 610 individuals, including those diagnosed with diabetes (321) and not diagnosed with diabetes (289), who applied to the internal medicine and diabetes outpatient clinics of a public hospital, were included in the study. The sample of patients with diabetes was created with the individuals who applied to diabetes outpatient clinics, were 40 years of age and older, and had the values of FPG ≥ 126 mg/dl and HbA1C ≥ 6.5%. The sample of healthy individuals consisted of people over the age of 40 who were not diagnosed with diabetes or prediabetes. Logistic regression and random forest algorithms were used to evaluate the diabetes risk of individuals. The performance of the models was evaluated with sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the ROC (AUC). Result: In the study, the variables of exercise in daily routines, presence of prediabetes, getting angry, feeling hungry frequently, and excessive thirst formed the diabetes risk assessment model with Sensitivity 0.983 and Specificity 0.984 according to the logistic regression model obtained. Body mass index, physical activity, age, gender, and family history of diabetes were not found to be significant in differentiating cases with diabetes (0.05 < p). Conclusion: This diabetes risk assessment tool is a reliable tool for Turkish society to identify individuals at high risk for diabetes and to raise awareness of the importance of modifiable risk factors.

Beliefs and views of breastfeeding mothers regarding human milk banking: A qualitative study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the beliefs and opinions of breastfeeding mothers about human milk banking. METHODS: This study was conducted as a case study, which is a qualitative research method. The population researched consisted of women who applied to the Gaziantep Health Care Family Health Center between June and December 2022. The sample included 30 mothers selected through purposive sampling. The data were collected using a descriptive characteristics form and a semistructured interview form. Ethical committee and institutional approvals were obtained. The data were analyzed using the MAXQDA qualitative research software program. RESULTS: The majority of the breastfeeding mothers had limited knowledge about human milk banking and considered it religiously problematic. They held the belief that breastfeeding siblings should not marry each other on religious grounds. The mothers were willing to act as wet nurses in case of necessity, but they expressed a preference against having their own baby nursed by another woman. They also stated that they would consider using milk banks only if the information provided was limited to the mother and baby. Additionally, it was observed that if they found themselves in a difficult situation, they would only seek a wet nurse from their immediate social circle. CONCLUSION: The breastfeeding mothers expressed that milk banking was a beneficial practice; however, they had religious reservations about it. It was observed that they would be willing to donate their milk to these banks and use them in times of need under certain conditions. These conditions included ensuring that the milk is not mixed, providing information about the mother and baby to families, having babies of the same sex, and adhering to strict cleanliness and hygiene measures.

Determining the Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Risky Behaviors of Turkish Nursing Students.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nursing students' fasting during Ramadan on their risky behaviors. This study was conducted in a university located in 2022 using the prospective cohort study method. The data were collected from the nursing department students through face-to-face questionnaires. The sample of the study consisted of 186 nursing students. The data were obtained using a descriptive information form, which consists of questions regarding the descriptive characteristics of the nursing students, and the risky behaviors form, created by the researchers, to evaluate the effect of fasting during Ramadan on nursing students' risky behaviors. According to the findings of the research, it has been determined that the students who always fast during Ramadan have regular sahur. When the students' level of religious faith and fasting and having sahur status were compared with their risky behaviors, the mean scores of exercise and nutrition increased significantly, and the mean scores of interpersonal relationships decreased significantly. It was determined that the majority of students had a high level of religious faith, fasted and had sahur during Ramadan. Consequently, while Ramadan fasting negatively affected students' physical activity, nutrition and sleep patterns, it positively affected their interpersonal relationship status.

The Relationship Between Paranormal Beliefs, Social Efficacy and Social Outcome Expectations in Muslim Society: The Case of Turkey.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of religious and classical paranormal beliefs on social efficacy and social outcome expectations. The study was conducted with 340 individuals between March 1, 2021, and April 2, 2021. The data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Paranormal Belief Scale and the Social Efficacy and Social Outcome Expectations Scale. Statistically significant positive correlations were found among traditional religious beliefs, classical paranormal beliefs, spiritualism, witchcraft, social efficacy expectations and social outcome expectations. It was concluded that traditional religious beliefs may be effective in improving the social acceptance of individuals, and believing in a common religious/cultural supreme entity unites individuals.

A Qualitative Study on the Knowledge and Opinions of Syrian Women regarding Family Planning.

Whatever the reason, migration has negative effects on individuals in terms of their physical, social and psychological aspects. Syria has witnessed a significant level of migration since 2011. The study was conducted with refugee women who attended the Adana Gülpinar Family Health Center between the dates of May 15 and April 15, 2019-2020. The samples of the study were the women who applied to the Adana Gülpinar Family Health Center. 30 individuals, determined using the purposeful sampling method, were included in the study. Refugee women cannot make personal decisions regarding the family planning for reasons such as pressure from their spouses, cultural pressure, and the inferior status of women. For this reason, they lack the necessary information regarding the family planning, and they are unable to access the family planning solutions.

The Effect of Vibration on Pain During Heel Lance Procedures in Newborns: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND/SIGNIFICANCE: The pain-reducing effect of applying vibration, which is used as a nonpharmacological method in pain management, is explained by the gate control theory developed by Melzack and Wall. Studies that are based on this theory have shown similar results to those of Melzack and Wall, indicating that pain-transmitting nerves are suppressed by vibrations, leading to higher pain thresholds. PURPOSE: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of applying vibration to manage pain during heel lance procedures in newborns. METHODS: This is a randomized, controlled experimental study. The study sample included 56 newborns determined using power analysis (vibration group = 28; control group = 28). For those in the vibration group, a vibrating device was used for approximately 30 seconds before the heel lance procedure and then continued throughout the procedure. No interventions were provided to the newborns in the control group. Pain in the newborns was evaluated by the nurse who performed the heel lance procedures, before the procedures and 15 to 20 seconds and 5 minutes after procedures, and by 2 specialists who viewed the video footage and conducted the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale examination. RESULTS: The pain scores were significantly lower at 15 to 20 seconds and 5 minutes after the heel lance procedures in the group that received vibrations than in the control group (P < .05). IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The application of vibration, which is effective, nonpharmacological, and noninvasive, could help nurses manage pain in newborns as a nonpharmacological method. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH: The number of studies that examine the effect that vibration has on pain associated with heel lance procedures in newborns is very limited, and it is recommended that further studies be conducted with larger sample sizes.

A qualitative investigation of the professional and social experiences of occupational groups working with individuals with disabilities and their attitudes: An example from Finland.

Working with individuals with disabilities affects the professional and social experiences and attitudes of professional groups. Accordingly, this study aimed to understand the professional and social experiences and attitudes of occupational groups working with individuals with disabilities. A qualitative, descriptive design based on thematic analysis approach was used in this study. The data were collected from 11 staff at the Center for Disability Empowerment in Finland. The results obtained from the study were thematized and eight main themes were established. Some of these main themes are as follows: Opinions about and attitudes toward individuals with disabilities, the effect on personal/inner and spiritual development, satisfaction with occupational performance and key points in working with disabled groups. Working with individuals with disabilities had a positive impact on the attitude and development of the employees from both an occupational and a social perspective. Moreover, it contributed to the professional and personal development of the employees.

Effects of applying external cold and vibration to children during vaccination on pain, fear and anxiety.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of external cold and vibration on children experiencing pain, fear and anxiety during vaccination. DESIGN AND SETTING: This randomized controlled, experimental study was conducted in primary schools selected within the scope of school immunization days by a community health center. The study population consisted of first grade students who were scheduled to receive a booster dose of diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis, inactivated poliovirus vaccine (DTaP-IPV) vaccine within the scope of the school immunization program of the said community health center and the study sample consisted of 90 students (experimental: 45, control:45). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: In the experimental group, a device that applies external cold and vibration (Buzzy®) was placed on the injection site for 30 s before administration of the vaccine. The device was then placed above the injection site and kept there during the injection. No intervention was made during the injections in children included in the control group. The same nurse administered the injections in the experimental and control groups. RESULTS: In the current study, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in terms of the children's pain, the nurse's pain, the nurse's fear and the children's anxiety (p < 0.05), but no statistically significant difference in terms of the children's fear (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that applying external cold and vibration during vaccination has an effect on the level of children's pain and anxiety.

The Efficacy of External Cooling and Vibration on Decreasing the Pain of Local Anesthesia Injections During Dental Treatment in Children: A Randomized Controlled Study.

PURPOSE: This study was performed to assess the efficacy of external cooling and vibration devices on the pain of injections applied to the site of local anesthesia in children during dental treatment. DESIGN: This study is a randomized controlled trial. METHODS: This study was conducted with 60 children requiring mandibular baby teeth extraction. The children in the experimental group were anesthetized after cold application, and a vibration device was administered on the application site 2 minutes before and during the anesthesia process, whereas those in the control group were only given local mandibular anesthesia without any other procedure. FINDINGS: It was found that the mean pain score was lower in the experimental group with a significant difference between the groups (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: This study found that the application of external cooling and vibration on the site of local anesthesia had a significant effect on the injection pain experienced by children during dental treatment.

Experiences and Problems Encountered by Families of Children with Sickle Cell Anemia.

Introduction: Sickle Cell Anemia is a disease that has a high level of morbidity and early mortality for patients that are not followed and controlled properly. Study was conducted the aim of determining experiences and problems of families whose children with sickle cell anemia. Methods: Descriptive study was conducted the aim of determining experiences and problems of families (n= 206) whose children with sickle cell anemia. Before conducting this study, a written permission from the related institution and research ethics committee approval from Gaziantep University were obtained. Questionnaire is made up of two sections (10 questions), socio-demographic of families and data about their problems (15 questions and 11 statements). Data were evaluated SPSS (21.0), number and percentage calculations. Results: It was determined that 96.1% of participants knew nothing about disease before their children were diagnosed, 92.7% of them are aware the disease was genetically inherited, all participants were a disease carrier themselves, and 93.7% of them had no blood tests before marriage. 97.1% of participants have no support from their spouses, It was determined that 98.5% of children suffer from pain, 60.7% suffer from weakness 51.5% of the participants apply to hospitals to decrease the problems and 48.5% use medications at home. Conclusion: A great number of families have problems regarding fear of losing their children, lack of social aid and support. Majority of children suffer from pain, weakness, exhaustion, they stay at hospital between at least 1 and 5 times a year, they need blood transfusion.

Effect of Religious Belief on Selecting of Graft Materials Used in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

PURPOSE: Various graft materials, such as synthetic and biological products, are used routinely in maxillofacial surgery. These materials are usually derived from porcine, bovine, and human tissues; some religious beliefs forbid the dietary use of substances from certain animal sources. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of religious belief on selecting different graft types used in maxillofacial surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 203 participants were included in this survey. Data were collected using a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics and different graft types and the Revised Religious Fundamentalism Scale for religious belief levels of participants. The purpose of the study and the origins of different graft types were explained to participants, and their opinions for the acceptance or rejection of each type were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY). RESULTS: The most preferred grafts were autologous grafts (88.7%), followed by alloplastic grafts (65%), bovine-derived xenografts (60.1%), allografts (53.2%), and porcine-derived xenografts (7.4%). One hundred fifty-nine participants (84.6%) rejected the porcine-derived xenografts for religious reasons, and there was a statistical difference in religious belief levels between participants who accepted and those who rejected porcine-derived xenografts. CONCLUSIONS: Autogenous grafts were the most preferred grafts and porcine-derived xenografts were the least preferred grafts. Porcine-derived xenografts were refused specifically for religious reasons, and religious belief and dietary restrictions affected graft selection.

Levels of Care Burden and Self-efficacy for Informal Caregiver of Patients With Cancer.

This descriptive study was conducted to determine the levels of self-efficacy and caregiver burden experienced by caregivers for patients with cancer. The study was conducted at the oncology clinic of a hospital in Erzurum city, Turkey. The study sample consisted of 101 caregivers of patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of cancer. The Self-Efficacy Scale Turkish version and the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale, which is a sociodemographic questionnaire, were used for data collection. The level for the burden of care for caregivers to patients with cancer was moderate, and the level of self-efficacy was moderate. A statistically significant, positive relationship was found between the scores for the Care Burden Scale and the Completing Behavior Subscale (r = 0.213; P < .05). A statistically significant, negative relationship was observed between the mean scores of the Care Burden Scale with Self-Efficacy Scale's total score (r = -0.104; P < .05), Sustaining Behavior Subscale (r = -0.324; P < .01), and Initiating Behavior Subscale (r = -0.199; P ≤ .05). Therefore, initiatives focused on self-efficacy levels should be developed to increase the abilities of caregivers for patients with cancer.

The validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the evidence based practice evaluation competence questionnaire.

INTRODUCTION: Identifying the competence of nursing students in evidence-based practice in nursing is important in planning education to train nurses to know, apply and improve evidence-based practice. PURPOSE: To perform a validity and reliability study for the Turkish version of the "Evidence-based Practice Competence of Nursing Students" questionnaire. DESIGN: This methodological study was conducted with 199 undergraduate nursing students in a university located in eastern Turkey, between April 1 2014 and February 4 2016. Written permission of the authors, relevant institutions and the students' verbal consent were obtained before administering the questionnaire. The Evidence-based Practice Evaluation Competence Questionnaire (EBP-COQ), developed by Ruzafa-Martinez in Spain, was used for data collection. The 5-point Likert-type scale includes 25 items and three subscales. RESULTS: The opinions of eight experts were consulted to test content validity, and the content validity index was found to be 0.93. In the factor analysis of the scale, the KMO index was 0.856, and Barlett's sphericity test yielded the results, X(2)=2174.93, df=300 and p=0.000. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.826. The scale's goodness of fit index (AGFI) is 0.755, and its ratio of chi-square statistic to degrees-of-freedom was (X2/df) 2.416 (X2=657.364 df=272). Its root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.076, its Tucker-Lewwas index (TLI) 0.902, and its comparative fit index (CFI) value was 0.926. CONCLUSION: It was determined that the Turkish version of the scale is a valid and reliable tool for determining the competence of students in evidence-based practice.

The Effect of Religious Belief on the Mental Health Status and Suicide Probability of Women Exposed to Violence.

It is known that violence against women is an important health problem both in the world and in Turkey (World Health Organization 2005; General Directorate on the Status of Women 2008). Religion is an important factor in preventing suicide and mental disorders by increasing one's ability to cope with events, channeling his/her perspective on life and the future toward a more positive path satisfying people about topics such as the need to be safe, the need for meaning and the reason for creation (Altuntop 2005). Hence, the objective of our study was to determine the effects of religious belief on the mental health status and suicide probabilities of women exposed to violence in Turkey. The study used a descriptive design. The study sample consisted of 135 women who have suffered violence who were consecutively admitted to the Department of Emergency of a State Hospital due to exposed to violence. They entered the study based on their acceptance to the questionnaire. The belief levels of women are based on their own statements and they are all Muslims. The data were collected using a questionnaire form, the Suicide Probability Scale and Brief Symptom Inventory. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 18.0. Statistical analyses were used percentage calculation, chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis test. In conclusion, a negative relationship was determined between the religious belief levels of women exposed to violence in Turkey and their moods and suicide probabilities. Hence, nurses who can stay alone with women for long periods of time can provide advancement in the determination and prevention of suicides decreasing depression via specific methods and overcoming hopelessness.

The effect of royal jelly on oral mucositis in patients undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of royal jelly on oral mucositis in patients undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The study population consisted of 103 patients undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Oral mucositis was graded according to the World Health Organization criteria, and patients were divided into 2 groups. All patients received mouthwash therapy with benzydamine hydrochloride and nystatin rinses. In addition, patients in the experimental group received royal jelly. The mean resolution time of oral mucositis in the royal jelly group was significantly shorter than that of the control group. As a result, the study results demonstrate that royal jelly administrated by a certain procedure improved the signs and symptoms of oral mucositis and markedly shortened its healing time.

Awareness and practices regarding breast and cervical cancer among Turkish women in Gazientep.

BACKGROUND: Cancer is a major public health problem both in our country and worldwide due to its disease burden, fatality and tendency for increased incidence. In Turkey, breast cancer ranks first with an incidence of 41.6% and cervical cancer is the tenth most common cancer with an incidence of 4.4%. OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 240 women aged from 15 to 65 years admitted to a gynecology-obstetrics outpatient clinic of a private hospital in Gaziantep. Study data were collected by the investigators through a 36-item questionnaire form which was generated using information gathered from similar surveys in the literature. RESULTS: It was determined that 34.6% of women were high-school graduates, and 64.2% had a medium income level. The majority (79.2%) stated that they never performed BSE and 49.5% of them said that they did not know how to do it. Some 79.2% did not know what a Pap smear was and 73.3% had not experienced a smear test ever. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we found that most of the women had insufficient knowledge of breast and cervical cancer, while knowledge and practices increased with the education level. Based on these findings, we suggest that there is a need for planning, implementation and assessment of health policies and healthcare services at the national and regional level and we believe that nurses working in the field of protective health services should develop educational programmes for women with a primary focus on cancer in order to increase awareness among the female population in Turkey.

Psychometric validation of the Women's Health Questionnaire in menopausal women.

The objective of this study was to adapt the Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ) to women who speak Turkish and are from the Turkish culture, and to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the scale. A convenience sample of women undergoing the menopausal transition or in the postmenopausal period was recruited at one primary health care center in Erzurum, Turkey. The researchers selected consecutive women who applied to the center for health care services. Three hundred sixty-six women were asked to participate in the study and to complete the WHQ during their appointment at the health care center in 2010. In the assessment of construct validity, nine factors were identified: depressed mood; menstrual symptoms; somatic symptoms; anxiety/fears; attractiveness; sexual behaviour; vasomotor symptoms; memory; and sleep problems. The nine factors explained 56.5% of the total variance. The overall internal reliability coefficient of this scale was 0.80. Evidence of the validity, reliability, and acceptability of the questionnaire was provided in this study. The Turkish version of the questionnaire is easy to understand and allows evaluation of women's quality of life for various purposes.

[Evaluation of the knowledge, attitude and behaviors of individuals who suffer from pain towards complementary and alternative medicines]. / Agri yasayan bireylerin tamamlayici ve alternatif tedaviye iliskin bilgi, tutum ve davranislarinin degerlendirilmesi.

OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out as a descriptive study in order to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and behaviors of individuals who suffer from pain towards complementary and alternative medicines (CAM). METHODS: The research was applied to 535 adult individuals suffering from pain who visited a family health center in Erzurum between September 5 and November 30, 2010. The data were collected using a questionnaire form and evaluated by computer analysis. RESULTS: 42.4% of the individuals mentioned that they use CAM in order to eliminate pain, 83.7% stated that the method they app- lied eliminated their pain, and 39.6% used CAM based on a recommendation. It was observed that 95.5% of the participants believed that positive thinking helps them recover from their minor diseases, 91.6% believed that it is necessary to perform more scientific tests on CAM, 65.6% believed that CAM may be dangerous, 68.4% believed that CAM may be used as a last resort, 93.6% believed that they are likely to be ill due to a range of stressful events, 61.9% believed that it is worthless to try CAM before seeing a doc- tor, 68.2% believed that CAM should not be used for serious diseases, and 76.3% believed that CAM helps the permanent treatment by strengthening the body's own defense. CONCLUSION: It was determined that people who suffer from the pain apply for modern medical treatment and have a positive attitude towards CAM.

Transtheorethical model-based education given for smoking cessation in higher school students.

This study was carried out from 15 February 2007 to 02 January 2008 to evaluate the effect of Transtheoretical Model-based education given to high school students for smoking cessation. The population of the study consisted of 90 students who study at the 1st and 2nd years of a high school in Erzurum and who smoke. The sample of the study included 75 volunteer students: 15 students in total are excluded from the study. The remaining 60 students were divided into the experimental (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups using the simple random sampling method. The students in the experimental group were given Trans-theoretical Model-based planned education, and students in the control group were not given any education. As a result of last tests of the experimental and the control groups, it was observed that there was a statistically significant difference between measurements of "Social interaction and habit strength" (p = 0.003), which is a subscale of it and "Temptation scale total score" (p = 0.004), "Being able to cope with the social environments and negative sense (p = 0.03), "Being able to cope with the habit strength" (p = 0.001), which are subscales of "Self-efficacy scale", "Processes of change scale" total score, and its subscales: "Conscious raising" (p = 0.006), "Dramatic relief" (p = 0.001), "Environmental reevaluation" (p = 0.035), "Self-reevaluation" (p = 0.007).

The effectiveness of Watson's Caring Model on the quality of life and blood pressure of patients with hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Nurses caring relationships with hypertensive patients can have a positive effect upon their blood pressure and may increase quality of life and prolongation of life. Hypertension affects a large number of people. It is important that those affected receive, in addition to the best available medical treatment, nursing care that best meets their needs and adds to the quality of their lives. Watson's Caring Model is one nursing approach consistent with needs of persons with hypertension, and was used in this study to guide both research and practice. AIM: To determine the effectiveness of a nurse's caring relationship according to Watson's Caring Model on the blood pressure and the quality of life of patients with hypertension. METHODS: The design of the study was a one-group pretest and post-test. The study included 52 patients with hypertension in four health care units in Erzurum, Turkey in 2000. These patients had been diagnosed with hypertension and invited to participate in a research project involving nursing care. After acceptance, patients were given questionnaires consisting of demographic characteristics; their blood pressure was measured, and a quality of life scale was administered. Each of the participating nurse researchers was prepared in the use of Watson's Theory and Model of Caring (and the 10 Carative Factors). This training formed the basis of the caring process used by the nurse researchers who then visited the patients and their families once a week for blood pressure measurement for a 3-month period. At the end of care, the quality of life scale was applied to patients, and blood pressures were measured as the post-test. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between mean scores of general well-being (t = 3.097, d.f. = 51, P = 0.003), physical symptoms and activity (t = 2.994, d.f. = 51, P = 0.004), medical interaction (t = 2.127, d.f. = 51, P = 0.035). There were also significant differences between blood pressure (systolic: t = 4.830, d.f. = 51, P = 0.000; and diastolic: t = 3.51, d.f. = 51, P = 0.001) in pre- and post-test. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated a relationship between care given according to Watson's Caring model and increased quality of life of the patients with hypertension. Further, in those patients for whom the caring model was practised, there was a relationship between the Caring model and a decrease in patient's blood pressure. The Watson Caring Model is recommended as a guide to nursing patients with hypertension, as one means of decreasing blood pressure and increase in quality of life.